CHAPTER XL.

WE WILL FERRY YOU OVER JORDAN THAT ROLLS BETWEEN.

Once convicted of a crime in England it is impossible, unless a man has

money or friends, for him to obtain an honest livelihood unless he is

the happy possessor of a trade. All the great corporations demand

references that will cover a series of years of the applicant's life,

and, above all, strict inquiry is made as to his last employer. This

cuts the ground out from under the feet of the unfortunate, and feeling

that England can no longer be a home to him he turns his eyes as a

matter of course to America.

A fair percentage of the prisoners are men who perhaps under great

temptation, or while under the influence of drink, have broken the laws,

but yet are honorably minded and resolved in future to lead an honest

life. Such are not undesirable citizens; but there is another class,

that of the professional criminal; with these the prisons swarm, and,

worse yet, the slums and saloons of the great cities are breeding

thousands more that will take the places of those now on the stage.

The conditions of society in England are such that the procession of

criminals is an unending one. The society that creates the criminal also

has established a system of police repression that makes the life

history of society's victim one of misery, until such time when the

criminal, growing wise by experience, shakes the dust of English soil

off from his feet and transfers himself, a moral ruin, to our country,

here to become a curse and a burden.

This flow of moral sewage to our shores is constant and unceasing. Our

Government has frequently protested against it, but with no success, for

the officials in England indignantly deny that the State either

encourages or assists the exodus of her criminal classes; but from my

personal knowledge I know this to be false. The officials over there

have found out an effectual way to rid themselves of their discharged

prisoners as fast as their sentences expire, and cast them on our

shores, and this is so ingenious a way that the wrong can never be

brought home to them.

During my twenty years' residence in Chatham I suppose nearly half as

many thousands asked me for information about America, and at least 95

per cent. assured me that when released they would "join the society"

and depart at once for that happy hunting ground--that Promised Land

which charms the imagination no less of the criminal than of the honest

poor of the Old World. In every English prison the walls are decorated

with placards, gorgeous in hue, of rival firms appealing to the readers

for patronage. "Join us," they all say; and every prisoner knows the

appeal "join us" means if you do we will ferry you over the Jordan that

rolls between this desert land and the plains flowing with milk and

honey on the other side. The "firms" I mention are those arch humbugs,

the Prisoners' Aid Societies of England.

Elizabeth Fry, who made "aid to prisoners" fashionable and a society fad

in England, has much to answer for. Prisoners' Aid Societies have sprung

up in every quarter of England, and having a rich soil, and under the

fostering care of the Government, have flourished with a rank and

luxuriant growth. These societies draw their nourishment from English

soil, but, unhappily for us, their tall branches hang over our wall and

their ripened fruit falls on our ground.

From the time a prisoner becomes accustomed to his surroundings until

the hour of his release the one thing ever uppermost in his thoughts,

the one distracting subject and cause of anxious solicitude, is the

question, "Which society shall I join?" It is a tolerably safe venture

to predict that he will "join" "The Royal Prisoners' Aid Society of

London," which society is happy in having Her Gracious Majesty and a

long list of illustrious lords and ladies for "governors." What that may

mean no one knows. Certainly no benefit from these people ever accrues

to the discharged prisoners, but who can describe the glory that falls

on the four or five reverend gentlemen, sons, nephews or brothers of

deans or bishops, high-salaried secretaries of this particular society,

who pose at the annual meeting in Exeter Hall, before a brilliant

audience, and after have the felicity of seeing their report in the

church and society journals and their names connected with such exalted

people.

The way the Government over there accomplishes its purpose of getting

rid of its criminal population at our expense and at the same time is

able to answer the charges of our Government with disavowal is this:

The Home Secretary alone possesses the pardoning power for the United

Kingdom, and directly controls every prison, his fiat being law in all

things to every official as well as to every inmate. He has officially

recognized and registered at the Home Office every prisoners' aid

society in England, Scotland and Wales, and in order to boom them he

gives to every discharged prisoner an extra gratuity of L3 provided he

"joins" a prisoners' aid society on his discharge, the result being that

all do so. England is a small and compact country, and the police have

practically one head, and that head is the Home Secretary. Under the

circumstances the system of police espionage is so perfect that whenever

a discharged prisoner is reconvicted for another crime he cannot escape

recognition, and in all such cases the Home Secretary notifies the

particular aid society who received the prisoner on his discharge of the

fact, very much to the vexation of the officials of the society, who are

all anxious for a good record in reforming men that come officially

under their auspices. They publish that all who are never reported as

reconvicted are reformed, and all love to make a big showing for the

money subscribed at the all-important annual meeting, the result being

that all the men hustled out of the country by the society count as

reformed men.

These societies are supported by subscriptions, which all go in salaries

and office rents. The assistance given to the discharged prisoner is

limited to the L3 extra gratuity given the society by the Government on

the prisoner's behalf. The London societies have an agreement with the

Netherlands Line and the Wilson Line of steamers to "take to sea" for L2

10s. all "workingmen" they send to them. I have talked to thousands of

men who "joined the society," most of whom intended to go to America,

and I have talked to scores who had "joined," but who, unluckily for

themselves, not leaving England, were reconvicted and sent back to

Chatham. Throughout twenty years I conversed with several thousand men

who joined the society avowing they were going to America, and were

never heard of again in England, and have also known some scores of men

who passed through the hands of the society agents, yet were afterward

reconvicted. Therefore I am in a position to speak with authority on the

important question of England dumping her criminal population on our

shores.