volume covering a century; CENT[=U]'RION, among the Romans, the commander

of a hundred men.--CENTURY PLANT (see AGAVE). [L. _centuria_--_centum_.]

CEORL, churl, _n._ before the Norman Conquest an ordinary freeman not of

noble birth. [A.S.]

CEPHALASPIS, sef-a-las'pis, _n._ a genus of fossil Ganoid fishes found in

the Upper Silurian and Devonian measures. [Gr. _kephal[=e]_, the head,

_aspis_, a shield.]

CEPHALIC, se-fal'ik, _adj._ belonging to the head--also

CEPHALIS'TIC.--_ns._ CEPHALAG'RA, gout in the head; CEPHALAL'GIA,

CEPH'ALGY, headache.--_adjs._ CEPHALAL'GIC; CEPH'ALATE, having a head, as a

mollusc.--_n._ CEPHAL[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the brain.--_adjs._

CEPH'ALOID, in the form of the head: spherical.--_ns._ CEPH'ALO-TH[=O]'RAX,

the anterior division of the body in arthropods; CEPHALOT'OMY, the

dissection of the head.--_adj._ CEPH'ALOUS, having a head. [Gr.

_kephalikos_--_kephal[=e]_, the head.]

CEPHALOPODA, sef-al-op'od-a, _n.pl._ the highest class of molluscs, usually

large animals, exclusively marine, with well-developed head region, but

having the ventral surface grown round the mouth and split up into arms

bearing suckers--more commonly _cuttlefish_.--_adj._ CEPH'ALOPOD. [Gr.

_kephal[=e]_, the head, _pous_, _podos_, the foot.]

CEPHALOPTERA, sef-a-lop't[.e]r-a, _n._ a name formerly used for a genus of

rays. [Gr. _kephal[=e]_, the head, _ptera_, wings.]

CERAMIC, se-ram'ik, _adj._ pertaining to pottery. [Gr. _keramos_, potter's

earth.]

CERASINE, ser'a-sin, _n._ the insoluble portion of the gum which exudes

from the cherry, &c. [L. _cerasus_, Gr. _kerasos_, the cherry-tree.]

CERASTES, se-ras't[=e]z, _n._ a genus of poisonous snakes having a horny

process over each eye. [L.; Gr. _kerast[=e]s_--_keras_, a horn.]

CERATE, s[=e]'r[=a]t, _n._ a compound of wax with other oily or medicinal

substances in such proportions as to form a stiff ointment.--_adj._

C[=E]'RATED.--_n._ CERO'MANCY, divination from figures produced by melted

wax when dropped into water. [L. _cer[=a]re_, _cer[=a]tum_, to cover with

wax, _cera_, wax.]

CERATITIS, ser-a-t[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of the cornea.--Also

KERAT[=I]'TIS.

CERATODE, ser'a-t[=o]d, _n._ the horny skeletal substance of sponges--also

CER'ATOSE.--_adjs._ CERAT'ODOUS, CER'ATOSE.

CERATOID, ser'a-toid, _adj._ horny.

CERAUNIC, se-raw'nik, _adj._ pertaining to, or produced by, thunder.--_ns._

CERAU'NITE, a belemnite; CERAU'NOSCOPE, an apparatus for imitating thunder

and lightning in ancient mysteries. [Gr. _keraunos_, a thunderbolt.]

CERBERUS, ser'b[.e]r-us, _n._ (_myth._) the monster that guarded the

entrance to Hades, a dog with three, according to some a hundred,

heads.--_adj._ CERB[=E]'RIAN. [L.--Gr. _Kerberos_.]

CERCARIA, ser-k[=a]'ri-a, _n._ the technical name applied to an embryonic

form of many flukes.--_adj._ CERC[=A]'RIAN. [Gr. _kerkos_, a tail.]

CERE, s[=e]r, _v.t._ to cover with wax.--_n._ the bare waxlike patch at the

base of the upper part of the beak in birds.--_adj._ CER[=A]'CEOUS, of or

like wax.--_ns._ CER[=A]'GO, a wax-like substance (bee-bread) used by bees

as food; CERE'CLOTH, CERE'MENT, a cloth dipped in melted wax in which to

wrap a dead body: a winding-sheet or grave-clothes generally.--_adjs._

C[=E]'REOUS, waxy; C[=E]'RIC.--_ns._ C[=E]'RIN, C[=E]'RINE, the portion of

wax which dissolves in boiling alcohol: a waxy substance obtained by

boiling grated cork in alcohol; C[=E]'ROGRAPH, a writing on wax: an

encaustic painting.--_adjs._ CEROGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_ns._ CEROG'RAPHIST;

CEROG'RAPHY, the art of writing or engraving on wax.--_adj._ CEROPLAS'TIC,

modelled or moulded in wax.--_n._ the art of modelling in wax.--_n._

CER'OSINE, a wax-like substance produced on the surface of certain species

of sugar-cane. [L. _cera_, cog. with Gr. _k[=e]ros_, wax; Gr. _graphein_,

to write, _plassein_, to mould.]

CEREAL. See CERES.

CEREBRUM, ser'e-brum, _n._ the front and larger part of the brain.--_adjs._

CEREBELL'AR, CEREBELL'OUS.--_n._ CEREBELL'UM, the hinder and lower part of

the brain.--_adj._ CER'EBRAL, pertaining to the cerebrum.--_ns._

CER'EBRALISM, the theory that all mental operations originate in the

cerebrum; CER'EBRALIST.--_v.i._ CER'EBRATE, to show brain action.--_n._

CEREBR[=A]'TION, action of the brain, conscious or unconscious, marked by

molecular changes in the cerebrum.--_adjs._ CER'EBRIC, cerebral;

CEREB'RIFORM, brain-shaped.--_ns._ CER'EBRIN, a name given to several

nitrogenous non-phosphorised substances obtained from the brain;

CEREBR[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the cerebrum.--_adj._ CER'EBRO-SP[=I]N'AL,

relating to the brain and spinal cord together.--CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the

two great divisions of the cerebrum. [L. _cerebrum_, the brain; prob. cog.

with Gr. _kara_, the head, _kranion_, the cranium.]

CEREMONY, ser'e-mo-ni, _n._ a sacred rite: the outward form, religious or

otherwise: any empty form without inwardness: pomp or state; a portent or

omen.--_adj._ CEREM[=O]'NIAL, relating to ceremony.--_n._ outward form: a

system of ceremonies.--_n._ CEREM[=O]'NIALISM, adherence to outward

form.--_adv._ CEREM[=O]'NIALLY.--_adj._ CEREM[=O]'NIOUS, full of ceremony:

particular in observing forms: precise.--_adv._ CEREM[=O]'NIOUSLY.--_n._

CEREM[=O]NIOUSNESS.--MASTER OF CEREMONIES, the person who directs the form

and order of the ceremonies to be observed on some public occasion.

[Fr.--L. _cærimonia_, sanctity.]

CERES, s[=e]'r[=e]z, _n._ the Roman name for the Greek Dem[=e]t[=e]r,

goddess of tillage and corn.--_adj._ C[=E]'REAL, relating to corn or edible

grain.--_n.pl._ C[=E]'REALS, the grains used as food, such as wheat,

barley, &c. [L. prob. from root of _cre[=a]re_, to create.]

CEREUS, s[=e]'ri-us, _n._ a large genus of cactuses, including some of the

most imposing forms. [L., 'waxen.']

CERGE, s[.e]rj, _n._ a large wax-candle burned before the altar.--Also

CIERGE, SERGE. [O. Fr.,--L. _cereus_--_cera_, wax.]

CERINTHIAN, ser-in'thi-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Cerinthus_, one of the

earliest heretics in the Christian Church, against whose crude Gnosticism

the Gospel of John was written, according to Irenæus.

CERIPH. Same as SERIF.

CERISE, ser-[=e]z', _n._ and _adj._ a light and clear red colour. [Fr.,

'cherry.']

CERIUM, s[=e]'ri-um, _n._ a rare metal found in the mineral C[=E]'RITE,

which is its hydrated silicate. [Named from the plant _Ceres_.]

CERN, s[.e]rn (_Shak._). CONCERN.

CEROMANCY. See CERATE.

CEROON. See SEROON.

CEROPLASTIC. See CERE.

CERTAIN, s[.e]r't[=a]n, or s[.e]r'tin, _adj._ sure: not to be doubted:

resolved: fixed: regular: inevitable: some: one.--_advs._ CER'TAINLY,

(_Scot._) CER'TY, CER'TIE.--_ns._ CER'TITUDE, CER'TAINTY.--'A CERTAIN

PERSON,' implying some degree of contempt; A LADY OF A CERTAIN AGE, of an

age best not stated accurately--at least no longer young.--FOR CERTAIN,

assuredly.--MORAL CERTAINTY, a conviction so justifiable that one is

morally entitled to act on it. [O. Fr.,--L. _certus_--_cern-[)e]re_, to

decide.]

CERTES, s[.e]r't[=e]z, _adv._ certainly: in sooth. [Fr.]

CERTIFICATE, s[.e]r-tif'i-k[=a]t, _n._ a written declaration of some fact:

a testimonial of character or definite statement of qualifications.--_v.t._

to give a certificate.--_ns._ CERTIFIC[=A]'TION; CERTIF'ICATORY, a

certificate--also _adj._--_n._ CER'TIFIER, one who certifies.--_v.t._

CER'TIFY, to make known as certain: to inform: to declare in

writing:--_pr.p._ cer'tifying; _pa.p._ cer'tified. [Fr. _certificat_--L.

_certific[=a]re_, _certus_, and _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

CERTIORARI, s[.e]r-shi-o-r[=a]'ri, _n._ the writ by which, since the

abolition of imprisonment for debt and the consequent disuse of the

better-known writ, _habeas corpus_, causes are removed from inferior courts

of record into the High Court of Justice. [Low L., 'be informed

of'--_certior_, comp. of _certus_, certain.]

CERULEAN, se-r[=u]'le-an, _adj._ sky-blue: dark-blue; sea-green.--_adj._

CER[=U]'LEOUS. [L. _cæruleus_.]

CERULEIN, s[.e]r-[=u]'l[=e]-in, _n._ a coal-tar colour chiefly used in

dyeing cotton fabrics, producing fast olive-green shades.

CERUMEN, se-r[=u]'men, _n._ the yellow waxy matter secreted in the

ear.--_adj._ CER[=U]'MINOUS. [L. _cera_, wax.]

CERUSE, s[=e]'r[=oo]s, or ser-[=u]s', _n._ white-lead, the native carbonate

of lead.--_n._ C[=E]'RUSITE. [Fr.,--L. _cerussa_, conn. with _cera_, wax.]

CERVICAL, s[.e]r'vi-kal, _adj._ belonging to the neck. [Fr.,--L. _cervix_,

_cervicis_, the neck.]

CERVINE, s[.e]r'v[=i]n, _adj._ relating to deer. [L. _cervinus_, _cervus_,

a stag.]

CESAREAN. See CÆSAREAN.

CESAREVITCH. See CZAR.

CESPITOSE, ses'pi-t[=o]s, _adj._ turfy: growing in tufts.--Also CES'PITOUS.

[L. _cespes_, _cespitis_, turf.]

CESS, ses, _n._ a tax, a local rate.--_v.t._ to impose a tax.--OUT OF ALL

CESSE (_Shak._), excessively, immoderately. [Shortened from ASSESS.]

CESSATION, ses-[=a]'shun, _n._ a ceasing or stopping: a rest: a pause.

[Fr.,--L. _cessation-em_. See CEASE.]

CESSE, ses, _v.i._ (_Spens._). Same as CEASE.

CESSION, sesh'un, _n._ a yielding up.--_n._ CES'SIONARY, one to whom an

assignment has been legally made.--CESSIO BON[=O]RUM (_Scots law_), before

1880 a debtor's surrender of his estate to his creditors in return for a

judicial protection from imprisonment in respect of his debts. [Fr.--L.

_cession-em_. See CEDE.]

CESSPOOL, ses'p[=oo]l, _n._ a pool or hollow in which filthy water

collects. [Acc. to Skeat, from Celt. _soss-pool_, a pool into which foul

messes flow. Cf. Scot. _soss_, a mixed dirty mess.]

CESTOID, ses'toid, _n._ one of a family of flat worms of internal parasitic

habit, having a long strap-like body divided into numerous segments: a

tapeworm.--Also CESTOID'EAN. [L. _cestus_, Gr. _kestos_, a girdle, a strap,

and _eidos_, form.]

CESTRACION, ses-tr[=a]'si-on, _n._ a generic name for the hammer-headed

sharks. [Formed from Gr. _kestra_, a weapon.]

CESTUI, sest'w[=e], _n._ any person who--in such phrases as CESTUI QUE

TRUST, a person entitled to the benefit of a trust, a beneficiary in Scots

law phraseology. [O. Fr.]

[Illustration]

CESTUS, ses'tus, _n._ the girdle of Venus, which had power to awaken love:

an ancient boxing-glove loaded with lead or iron. [L.--Gr. _kestos_, a

girdle.]

CESURA. See CÆSURA.

CESURE, s[=e]'z[=u]r, _n._ a breaking off: (_Spens._) a cæsura.

CETACEA, se-t[=a]'shi-a, _n.pl._ an order of mammals of aquatic habit and

fish-like form, including the Toothed whales, or _Odontoceti_, and the

Baleen whales, or _Mystacoceti_. To the former belong the Sperm whales, the

Bottlenose, the genus Platanista and its allies, and the great family of

Dolphins; to the latter, the Right Whale (_Balæna_), the Humpbacks, and the

Rorquals.--_n._ CET[=A]'CEAN.--_adj._ CET[=A]'CEOUS.--_n._ CETOL'OGY, that

part of zoology which treats of whales. [L.,--Gr. _k[=e]tos_, any

sea-monster.]

CETEOSAURUS, set-e-o-saw'rus, _n._ a large dinosaurian reptile belonging to

the Jurassic system. [Gr. _k[=e]tos_, whale, _sauros_, lizard.]

CEVADILLA, sev-a-dil'a, _n._ the dark acrid seeds of a Mexican bulbous

plant of the lily family, yielding veratrin, formerly used as an

anthelmintic: the plant itself.--Also CEBADILL'A. [Sp.,--L. _cib[=a]re_, to

feed, _cibus_, food.]

CEYLONESE, s[=e]-lon-[=e]z', _adj._ of or belonging to _Ceylon_.--_n._ a

native of Ceylon.

CHABLIS, shab'l[=e], _n._ a celebrated white Burgundy wine made at

_Chablis_, near Auxerre, in France.

CHABOUK, tschä'b[=oo]k, _n._ a Persian horsewhip. [Pers.]

CHACE. See CHASE (1).

CHACK, chak, _n._ a snack or slight hasty meal. [Imit.]

CHACMA, chak'ma, _n._ a South African baboon.

CHACO. Same as Shako.

CHACONNE, shak-on', _n._ an old dance, with slow movement, the music, a

series of variations on a ground bass, mostly eight bars in length,

appearing in sonatas as well as ballets. [Fr.,--Sp. _chacona_--Basque

_chucun_, pretty.]

CHAD, shad, _n._ a kind of fish. [See SHAD.]

CHÆTODON, k[=e]'to-don, _n._ a typical genus of a family of bony fishes,

known as Squamipennes. [Gr. _chait[=e]_, hair, _odous_, _odont-_, tooth.]

CHÆTOPOD, k[=e]'to-pod, _n._ a class of worms including familiar types like

the Earthworm, the Fisherman's Lobworm, and the Sea-mouse--often included

under the title of Annelids or ringed worms. [Gr. _chait[=e]_, hair, and

_pous_, _pod-_, foot.]

CHAFE, ch[=a]f, _v.t._ to make hot by rubbing: to fret or wear by rubbing:

to cause to fret or rage (with _against_, _at_).--_v.i._ to fret or

rage.--_n._ heat caused by rubbing: rage: passion.--_ns._ CHAF'ER (_obs._),

a chafing-dish, a saucepan; CHAF'ING-DISH, a dish or vessel in which

anything is made hot: a kind of portable grate; CHAF'ING-GEAR, mats,

spun-yarn, battens, &c., put upon the rigging and spars of a ship to

prevent their being chafed. [Fr. _chauffer_--L.

_calefac[)e]re_--_cal[=e]re_, to be hot, and _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

CHAFER, ch[=a]f'[.e]r, _n._ a kind of beetle, the cockchafer. [A.S.

_cefer_; cog. with Dut. _kever_, Ger. _käfer_.]

CHAFF, chaf, _n._ a general name for the husks of corn or other grain as

threshed or winnowed: refuse, or worthless matter: light banter,

badinage.--_v.t._ to banter, or tease, by some raillery.--_ns._

CHAFF'-CUT'TER, CHAFF'-EN'GINE, a machine for cutting straw or hay into

chaff.--_n._ and _p.adj._ CHAFF'ING.--_adv._ CHAFF'INGLY.--_adjs._

CHAFF'LESS; CHAFF'Y. [A.S. _ceaf_; cf. Dut. _kaf_.]

CHAFFER, chaf'[.e]r, _v.t._ to buy.--_v.i._ to bargain: to haggle about the

price.--_ns._ CHAFF'ERER, a haggler about the price; CHAFF'ERY, buying and

selling: (_Spens._) haggling. [M. E. _chapfare_, a bargain, from A.S.

_ceap_, price, _faru_, way.]

CHAFFINCH, chaf'insh, _n._ a little song-bird of the finch family. [Said to

delight in _chaff_. See FINCH.]

CHAFFRON. See CHAMFRAIN.

CHAFT, chaft, _n._ (_Scot._ and _Northern English_) the jaw. [Ice.

_kjaptr_; cf. Sw. _käft_, Dan. _kieft_.]

CHAGAN, kag-än', _n._ an early form of KHAN.

CHAGRIN, sha-gr[=e]n', _n._ that which wears or gnaws the mind: vexation:

annoyance.--_v.t._ to vex or annoy.--_p.adj._ CHAGRINED'. [Fr. _chagrin_,

shagreen, rough skin, ill-humour.]

CHAIN, ch[=a]n, _n._ a series of links or rings passing through one

another: a number of things coming after each other: anything that binds: a

connected course or train of events: in surveying, often called Gunter's

chain, a measure of 100 links, 66 feet long (10 sq. chains make an acre):

(_pl._) fetters, bonds, confinement generally.--_v.t._ to fasten: to

fetter: to restrain: (_Shak._) to embrace.--_ns._ CHAIN'-ARM'OUR,

chain-mail; CHAIN'-BOLT, a large bolt used to secure the chain-plates to

the ship's side; CHAIN'-BRIDGE, a bridge suspended on chains: a

suspension-bridge; CHAIN'-C[=A]'BLE, a cable composed of iron

links.--_p.adj._ CHAINED, bound or fastened, as with a chain: fitted with a

chain.--_n._ CHAIN'-GANG, a gang of convicts chained together.--_adj._

CHAIN'LESS, without chains: [Illustration] unfettered.--_ns._ CHAIN'LET, a

small chain; CHAIN'-MAIL, mail or armour made of iron links connected

together, much used in Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries;

CHAIN'-MOULD'ING, moulding in the form of a chain; CHAIN'-PIER, a pier

supported by chains like a chain-bridge.--_n.pl._ CHAIN'-PLATES, on

shipboard, iron plates bolted below the channels to serve as attachments

for the dead-eyes, through which the standing rigging or shrouds and

back-stays are rove and secured.--_ns._ CHAIN'-PUMP, a pump consisting of

buckets or plates fastened to an endless iron chain, and used for raising

water; CHAIN'-RULE, an arithmetical rule, so called from the terms of the

problem being stated as equations, and connected, as if by a chain, so as

to obtain by one operation the same result as would be obtained by a number

of different operations in simple proportion: the rule for solving problems

by compound proportion; CHAIN'-SHOT, two bullets or half-bullets fastened

together by a chain, used formerly in naval engagements to destroy rigging,

now replaced by case-shot and shrapnel-shell; CHAIN'-STITCH, a peculiar

kind of stitch resembling the links of a chain; CHAIN'-WORK, work

consisting of threads, cords, &c., wrought with open spaces like the links

of a chain: network. [Fr. _chaine_--L. _cat[=e]na_.]

CHAIR, ch[=a]r, _n._ a movable seat for one, with a back to it: a covered

vehicle for one person, as a sedan-chair: the seat or office of one in

authority, as a judge, a bishop, or the person presiding over any

meeting--hence 'to take the chair' = to assume the place of president; 'to

address the chair' = to direct one's speech to the chairman; 'to support

the chair' = to uphold the authority of the chairman--often, when

endangered in a public meeting, asserted by cries of '_Chair!_': the seat

from which a professor delivers his lectures, the office or function of a

professor--'socialists of the chair' = mere doctrinaire or theoretical

advocates of socialism: cast-iron supports for rails under the permanent

way in a railway, held by wooden wedges, and spiked on to transverse wooden

sleepers.--_v.t._ to place in a seat of authority: to carry publicly in

triumph.--_n._ CHAIR'-BED, a kind of chair capable of being turned into a

bed.--_n.pl._ CHAIR'-DAYS (_Shak._), used figuratively to denote the

evening of life.--_ns._ CHAIR'MAN, the man who takes the chair, or presides

at an assembly or meeting: one who carries a sedan or Bath chair;

CHAIR'MANSHIP; CHAIR'-OR'GAN, a corruption of choir-organ (q.v.);

CHAIR'WOMAN. [Fr. _chaire_--L.--Gr. _kathedra_.]

CHAISE, sh[=a]z, _n._ a light open carriage for one or more persons: a

travelling carriage (see POST-CHAISE).--_adj._ CHAISE'LESS.--_n._

CHAISE-LONGUE, a couch. [Fr., a Parisian pronunciation of _chaire_. See

CHAIR.]

CHAL, chal, _n._ fellow: person:--_fem._ CHAI. [Gipsy.]

CHALCEDONY, kal-sed'[=o]-ni, or kal'-, _n._ a beautiful mineral of the

quartz family, consisting of quartz with some admixture of opal--it is

generally translucent, has a somewhat waxy lustre, and is in colour

generally white or bluish-white.--_adj._ CHALCEDON'IC.--_n._ CHALCED'ONYX,

an agate formed of a white opaque chalcedony alternating with a grayish

translucent chalcedony. [Prob. from _Chalcedon_, in Asia Minor.]

CHALCOGRAPHY, kal-kog'ra-fi, _n._ the art of engraving on copper or

brass.--_ns._ CHALCOG'RAPHER, CHALCOG'RAPHIST. [Gr. _chalkos_, copper,

_graphein_, to write.]

CHALDAIC, kal-d[=a]'ik, CHALDEE, kal'd[=e], _adj._ relating to

_Chaldea_.--_n._ the language of the Chaldeans.--_n._ CHAL'D[=A]ISM, a

Chaldaic idiom.--_adj._ CHALD[=E]'AN, Chaldaic.--_n._ a native of Chaldea.

CHALDER, chawl'd[.e]r, _n._ an old Scotch dry measure, containing 16 bolls.

[Prob. a form of CHALDRON.]

CHALDRON, chawl'drun, _n._ an old coal-measure, holding 36 heaped bushels

(= 25½ cwt.). [Fr. _chaudron_. See CAULDRON.]

CHALET, sha-l[=a]', _n._ a summer hut used by Swiss herdsmen among the

Alps: a urinal. [Fr.]

CHALICE, chal'is, _n._ a cup or bowl: a communion-cup.--_adj._ CHAL'ICED,

cup-like. [Fr. _calice_--L. _calix_, _calicis_; Gr. _kylix_, a cup. CALYX

is a different word, but from the same root.]

CHALK, chawk, _n._ the well-known white substance, a carbonate of

lime.--_v.t._ to rub or manure with chalk.--_v.i._ to mark with chalk: in a

tavern, to write the score with chalk.--_ns._ CHALK'INESS; CHALK'-PIT, a

pit in which chalk is dug; CHALK'-STONE, a stone or piece of chalk: (_pl._)

the white concretions formed round the joints in chronic gout.--_adj._

CHALK'Y.--CHALK FOR CHEESE, a small price for a good article.--CHALKING THE

DOOR, in Scotland, a form of warning tenants to remove from burghal

tenements.--CHALK OUT, to trace out, as with chalk, to plan.--BY A LONG

CHALK, by a considerable distance, referring to the habit of scoring with

chalk. [A.S. _cealc_, like Fr. _chaux_, is from L. _calx_, limestone.]

CHALLENGE, chal'enj, _v.t._ to call on one to settle a matter by fighting

or by any kind of contest: to claim as one's own: to accuse; to object

to.--_n._ a summons to a contest of any kind, but esp. a duel: a calling of

any one or anything in question: exception to a juror: the demand of a

sentry.--_adj._ CHALL'ENGEABLE, that may be challenged.--_n._ CHALL'ENGER,

one who challenges to a combat of any kind: a claimant: one who objects,

calls in question. [O. Fr. _chalenge_, a dispute, a claim--L. _calumnia_, a

false accusation--_calvi_, _calv[)e]re_, to deceive.]

CHALLIS, shal'is, or shal'i, _n._ a fine fabric of silk and worsted used

for ladies' dresses. [Fr.]

CHALUMEAU, shal-[=u]-m[=o]', _n._ a musical instrument: a shepherd's pipe.

[Fr.,--O. Fr. _chalemel_--Low L. _calamellus_, dim. of _calamus_, a pipe, a

reed.]

CHALYBEAN, ka-lib'[=e]-an, _adj._ (_Milton_) forged by the Chalybes: well

tempered.--_adj._ CHALYB'E[=A]TE, containing iron.--_n._ a water or other

liquor containing iron. [Gr. _chalyps_, _chalybos_, steel, so called from

the _Chalybes_, a nation in Pontus famous for steel.]

CHALYBITE, kal'i-b[=i]t, _n._ native iron protocarbonate--siderite.

CHAM, kam, _n._ an obsolete form of KHAN.

CHAMADE, sham'ad, _n._ a signal inviting a parley. [Fr.]

CHAMBER, ch[=a]m'b[.e]r, _n._ an apartment: the place where an assembly

meets: an assembly or body of men met for some purpose, as a chamber of

commerce: a hall of justice: a compartment: a cavity: the back end of the

bore of a gun.--_v.t._ to put in a chamber: to confine.--_v.i._ to be

wanton.--_ns._ CHAM'BER-COUN'CIL (_Shak._), a private or secret council;

CHAM'BER-COUN'SEL, -COUN'SELLOR, a counsel who gives his advice privately,

but does not plead in court.--_adj._ CHAM'BERED.--_ns._ CHAM'BERER, a man

of intrigue: (_Shak._) a gallant; CHAM'BER-FELL'OW, one occupying the same

chamber.--_n.pl._ CHAM'BER-HANG'INGS (_Shak._), the hangings or tapestry of

a chamber.--_ns._ CHAM'BERING (_B._), lewd behaviour; CHAM'BER-LYE

(_Shak._), urine; CHAM'BER-MAID, a female servant who has the care of

bedrooms; CHAM'BER-POT, a necessary bedroom vessel--often merely CHAM'BER;

CHAM'BER-PRAC'TICE, the business of a chamber-counsellor (q.v.). [Fr.

_chambre_--L. _camera_--Gr. _kamara_, a vault, a room.]

CHAMBERLAIN, ch[=a]m'b[.e]r-l[=a]n, or -lin, _n._ an officer appointed by a

king or nobleman, or by a corporation, to perform domestic and ceremonial

duties.--_n._ CHAM'BERLAINSHIP.--LORD CHAMBERLAIN, an officer of high

standing in the royal household, having control over all the officers and

servants 'above stairs,' except those of the bedchamber, over the

establishment attached to the Chapel Royal, the physicians, surgeons, and

apothecaries of the household; LORD GREAT CHAMBERLAIN, a hereditary officer

who has the government of the palace of Westminster, and upon solemn

occasions the keys of Westminster Hall and of the Court of Requests are

delivered to him. [O. Fr. _chambrelenc_; Old Ger. _chamerling_--L.

_camera_, a chamber, and affix _-ling_ or _-lenc_ = Eng. _-ling_ in

_hireling_.]

CHAMBERTIN, shang'bert-ang, _n._ a famous red Burgundy from the vineyard of

that name near Dijon, in France.

CHAMELEON, ka-m[=e]l'yun, _n._ a small lizard famous for changing its

colour: (_fig._) an inconstant person.--_adjs._ CHAMEL'EONIC,

CHAMEL'EON-LIKE. [L. _chamæleon_--Gr. _chamaile[=o]n_--_chamai_ (= L.

_humi_), on the ground, dwarf, and _le[=o]n_, a lion.]

CHAMELOT, kam'e-lot, _n._ (_Spens._). CAMLET.

CHAMFER, cham'f[.e]r, _n._ a bevel or slope made by paring off the edge of

anything originally right-angled, either in wood or stone work: a groove,

channel, or furrow.--_v.t._ to cut or grind off bevel-wise, as a corner: to

channel or make furrows upon; to flute, as a column.--_adj._ CHAM'FERED,

furrowed, grooved, wrinkled. [Fr. _chanfrein_--O. Fr. _chanfraindre_, which

acc. to Dr Murray may be from _chant fraindre_--L. _cantum frang[)e]re_, to

break the edge or side.]

CHAMFRAIN, cham'fren, _n._ a piece of leather or plate of steel to protect

the face of a horse in battle.--Also CHAM'FRON, CHAF'FRON. [Fr.

_chanfrein_; origin unknown.]

CHAMLET, kam'let, _n._ Same as CAMLET.

CHAMOIS, sha'moi, sham'i, or sham'waw, _n._ a goat-like species or genus of

antelope inhabiting the Alps and other high mountains of southern and

central Europe: a soft kind of leather originally made from its skin.

[Fr.,--Teut.; cf. mod. Ger. _gemse_, a chamois.]

CHAMOMILE. See CAMOMILE.

CHAMP, champ, _v.i._ to make a snapping noise with the jaws in

chewing.--_v.t._ to bite or chew: to crush: to mash.--_n._ champing.--_n._

CHAMP'ING, the action of the verb _champ_: mashing. [Older form _cham_,

most prob. from Scand.]

CHAMPAC, cham'pak, _n._ an Indian tree of great beauty, much venerated by

Brahminists and Buddhists.--Also CHAM'PAK. [Hind.]

CHAMPAGNE, sham-p[=a]n', _n._ a light sparkling wine from _Champagne_ in

France. Still or non-effervescent champagne is also made.

CHAMPAIGN, sham-p[=a]n', _adj._ level, open.--_n._ an open, level

country.--_n._ CHAMP (_her._), the field of a shield.--THE CHAMPAGNE, level

land. [A doublet of CAMPAIGN, from O. Fr. _champaigne_--L. _campania_, a

plain.]

CHAMPERTY, sham'p[.e]r-ti, _n._ an illegal bargain whereby the one party is

to assist the other in recovering property, and is to share in the

proceeds.--_n._ CHAM'PART, the division of the produce of land, the right

of the feudal lord. [Norm. Fr.--L. _campi pars_, part of the field.]

CHAMPIGNON, sham-pin'yon, _n._ a mushroom, esp. the Fairy-ring Agaric.

[Fr.]

CHAMPION, cham'pi-un, _n._ one who fights in single combat for himself or

for another: one who defends a cause: a successful combatant: in boxing,

running, &c., one who has excelled all others: a hero:--_fem._

CHAM'PIONESS.--_adj._ acting as champion, first: first-class.--_v.t._

(_obs._) to challenge: to defend: to support.--_n._ CHAM'PIONSHIP.

[Fr.,--Low L. _campio_, _campion-em_--L. _campus_, a plain, a place for

games.]

CHANCE, chans, _n._ that which falls out or happens: an unexpected event:

risk: opportunity: possibility of something happening: probability: (_pl._)

misfortunes.--_v.t._ to risk.--_v.i._ to happen.--_adj._ happening by

chance.--_adv._ perchance.--_n._ CHANCE'-COM'ER, one who comes by chance or

unexpectedly.--_adjs._ CHANCE'FUL (_Spens._), full of risk or danger,

hazardous; CHANC'Y (_coll._), lucky, bringing good luck: also risky,

uncertain.--BY CHANCE, accidentally; EVEN CHANCE, the probability being

equally for or against.--HOW CHANCE? (_Shak._) how does it happen

that?--STAND A GOOD CHANCE, to have a reasonable expectation; TAKE ONE'S

CHANCE, to accept what happens: to risk an undertaking; THE MAIN CHANCE,

the chief object (often used of matrimony): what is most important. [O. Fr.

_cheance_--Low L. _cadentia_--L. _cad[)e]re_, to fall.]

CHANCEL, chan'sel, _n._ the eastern part of a church, originally separated

from the nave by a screen of lattice-work, so as to prevent general access

thereto, though not to interrupt either sight or sound. [O. Fr.,--L.

_cancelli_, lattices.]

CHANCELLOR, chan'sel-or, _n._ (_Shak._) secretary: the president of a court

of chancery or other court: the official who keeps the registers of an

order of knighthood: the titular head of a university: (_Scot._) the

foreman of a jury.--_ns._ CHAN'CELLORSHIP; CHAN'CELLORY.--CHANCELLOR OF A

CATHEDRAL, an officer who formerly had charge of the chapter library,

custody of the common seal, superintendence of the choir practices, and

headship of the cathedral schools; CHANCELLOR OF A DIOCESE, an

ecclesiastical judge uniting the functions of vicar-general and official

principal, appointed to assist the bishop in questions of ecclesiastical

law, and hold his courts for him; CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER, the chief

minister of finance in the British government; LORD CHANCELLOR, LORD HIGH

CHANCELLOR, the presiding judge of the Court of Chancery, the keeper of the

great seal, and the first lay person of the state after the blood-royal.

[Fr. _chancelier_--Low L. _cancellarius_, orig. an officer that had charge

of records, and stood near the _cancelli_ (L.), the crossbars that

surrounded the judgment-seat.]

CHANCE-MEDLEY, chans'-med-li, _n._ homicide justifiable because done in the

hot blood caused by an unprovoked assault--the word has no reference to

homicide by accident: inadvertency. [O. Fr. _chance medlée_, mingled

chance. 'From the fact that _medley_ is also a noun, and _chance-medley_ a

possible combination in the sense of "fortuitous medley," the meaning has

often been mistaken' (Dr Murray).]

CHANCERY, chan's[.e]r-i, _n._ formerly the highest court of justice next to

the House of Lords, presided over by the Lord High Chancellor--now a

division of the High Court of Justice: a court of record generally:

(_slang_) the position of a boxer's head when under his adversary's arm:

(_obs._) the office of a chancellor or ambassador.--CHANCERY OFFICE, in

Scotland, an office in the General Register House at Edinburgh, managed by

a director, in which all royal charters of novodamus, patents of dignities,

gifts of offices, remissions, legitimations, presentations, commissions,

and other writs appointed to pass the Great and Quarter Seals are

recorded.--IN CHANCERY, in litigation, as an estate: (_slang_) in an

awkward predicament. [Fr. _chancellerie_.]

CHANCRE, shang'k[.e]r, _n._ an ulcer arising from the direct application of

syphilitic poison.--_adjs._ CHAN'CROID, CHAN'CROUS. [Fr.; a form of

CANKER.]

CHANDELIER, shan-de-l[=e]r', _n._ a frame with branches for holding

lights.--_ns._ CHAND'LER, originally a candle maker and dealer: a dealer

generally; CHAND'LERING.--_adv._ CHAND'LERLY.--_ns._ CHAND'LERY, goods sold

by a chandler; SHIP'-CHAND'LER, dealer in general stores for ships.

[Fr.,--Low L. _candelaria_, a candlestick--L. _cand[=e]la_, a candle.]

CHANGE, ch[=a]nj, _v.t._ to alter or make different: to put or give for

another: to make to pass from one state to another: to exchange.--_v.i._ to

suffer change: to change one's clothes.--_n._ the act of changing:

alteration or variation of any kind: (_Shak._) exchange: (_Shak._)

fickleness: a shift: variety: small coin: also used as a short term for the

Exchange.--_ns._ CHANGEABIL'ITY, CHANGE'ABLENESS, fickleness: power of

being changed.--_adj._ CHANGE'ABLE, subject or prone to change: fickle:

inconstant.--_adv._ CHANGE'ABLY.--_adj._ CHANGE'FUL, full of change:

changeable.--_adv._ CHANGE'FULLY.--_ns._ CHANGE'FULNESS; CHANGE'-HOUSE

(_Scot._), a small inn or alehouse.--_adj._ CHANGE'LESS, without change:

constant.--_ns._ CHANGE'LING, a child taken or left by the fairies in place

of another--usually an under-sized, crabbed child: one apt to change;

CHANG'ER, one who changes the form of anything: one employed in changing or

discounting money; CHANG'ING-PIECE (_Shak._), a fickle person.--CHANGE

COLOUR, to blush or turn pale; CHANGE ONE'S MIND, to form a different

opinion; CHANGE ONE'S SELF, to change one's clothes; CHANGE ONE'S TUNE, to

change from joy to sorrow: to change one's manner of speaking.--PUT THE

CHANGE ON, to delude, trick.--RING THE CHANGES, to go through the various

changes in ringing a peal of bells: to go over in every possible order: to

pass counterfeit money: to bemuddle a shopman into giving too much change.

[Fr. _changer_--Late L. _cambi[=a]re_--L. _camb[=i]re_, to barter.]

CHANK, changk, CHANK-SHELL, changk'-shel, _n._ the popular name of the

shell of several species of Turbinella, a genus of Gasteropod molluscs,

natives of the East Indian seas, used as ornaments by Hindu women. [Hind.

_cantch_.]

CHANNEL, chan'el, _n._ the bed of a stream of water: the deeper part of a

strait, bay, or harbour: a strait or narrow sea: a groove or furrow: means

of passing or conveying: (_Scot._) gravel.--_v.t._ to make a channel: to

furrow: to convey.--_p.adj._ CHANN'ELLED.--THE CHANNEL, the English

Channel. [O. Fr. _chanel_, _canel_--L. _canalis_, a canal.]

CHANNEL, chan'el, _n._ a flat piece of wood or iron projecting horizontally

from a ship's side to spread the shrouds and keep them clear of the

bulwarks--_fore_, _main_, and _mizzen channels_. [Corr. of _Chain-wale_.

Cf. GUNNEL.]

CHANSON, shan'son, _n._ a song.--_n._ CHAN'SONETTE. [Fr.]

CHANT, chant, _v.t._ to sing: to celebrate in song: to recite in a singing

manner: to sell horses fraudulently.--_n._ song: melody: a kind of sacred

music, in which prose is sung.--_ns._ CHANT'ER, CHANT'OR, a singer: a

precentor: in a bagpipe, the pipe with finger-holes, on which the melody is

played: one who cries up horses; CHANT'RESS; CHANT'RY, an endowment, or

chapel, for the chanting of masses; CHANT'Y, a sailor's song, usually with

a drawling refrain, sung in concert while raising the anchor, &c. [Fr.

_chanter_--L. _cant[=a]re_, _can[)e]re_, to sing.]

CHANTAGE, shan-täj', chant'[=a]j, _n._ extortion of money by threats of

scandalous revelations. [Fr.]

CHANTERELLE, shan-ter-el', _n._ the highest string of the violin, &c.: a

yellowish edible mushroom. [Fr.]

CHANTICLEER, chant'i-kl[=e]r, _n._ a cock. [From the name of the cock in

the old beast-epic of Reynard the Fox.] [O. Fr. _chanter_, to sing, _cler_,

clear.]

CHAOS, k[=a]'os, _n._ shapeless mass: disorder: the state of matter before

it was reduced to order by the Creator.--_adj._ CHAOT'IC, confused.--_adv._

CHAOT'ICALLY. [Gr.]

CHAP, chap, _v.i._ to crack: to strike, of a clock, &c.: to knock at a

door.--_v.t._ to fissure.--_n._ crack: an open fissure in the skin, caused

by exposure to frost: a knock.--_adj._ CHAP'LESS.--_p.adj._ CHAPPED,

cracked, of a heavy soil in dry weather, or of the skin in frost: cut

short.--_adj._ CHAP'PY. [M. E. _chappen_; cog. with Dut. and Ger.

_kappen_.]

CHAP, chap, _n._ a fellow, originally a customer, from CHAPMAN.--_n._

CHAP'PIE, a familiar diminutive.

CHAP, chap, _n._ generally _pl._ the jaws.--_adj._ CHAP'FALL'EN, a variant

of Chop-fallen (q.v.). [Northern Eng. and Scot. _chafts_--Scand., as Ice.

_kjaptr_, the jaw.]

CHAPARRAL, chap-a-ral', _n._ dense tangled brushwood. [Sp., prob. Basque

_achaparra_.]

CHAP-BOOK. See CHAPMAN.

CHAPE, ch[=a]p, _n._ the plate of metal at the point of a scabbard: the

catch or hook by which the sheath of a weapon was attached to the

belt.--_adj._ CHAPE'LESS. [Fr.,--Low L. _capa_, a cap.]

CHAPEAU, sha-p[=o]', _n._ a hat. [Fr.]

CHAPEL, chap'el, _n._ a place of worship inferior or subordinate to a

regular church, or attached to a palace, garrison, prison, school, college,

&c.: an oratory in a mausoleum, &c., or a cell of a church containing its

own altar: a dissenters' place of worship, as of Nonconformists in England,

Roman Catholics or Episcopalians in Scotland, &c.: a chapel service--hence

'to keep one's chapels'--to make the requisite number of attendances at

such: an association of workmen in a printing-office.--_n._ CHAP'ELRY, the

jurisdiction of a chapel.--CHAPEL CART (see CART).--CHAPEL OF EASE, a

chapel for worshippers far from the parish church; CHAPEL ROYAL, the

oratory of a royal palace; LADY CHAPEL, such a chapel dedicated to the

Virgin; PROPRIETARY CHAPEL, one that is the property of a private person or

persons. [O. Fr. _capele_--Low L. _cappella_, dim. of _cappa_, a cloak or

cope; orig. from the cloak of St Martin.]

CHAPERON, shap'e-r[=o]n, _n._ a kind of hood or cap: one who attends a lady

in public places as a protector.--_v.t._ to attend a lady to public

places.--_n._ CHAP'ERONAGE. [Fr., a large hood--_chape_, a hooded

cloak--Low L. _cappa_. See CAPE.]

CHAPITER, chap'i-t[.e]r, _n._ the head or capital of a column. [Fr.

_chapitel_--Low L. _capitellum_, dim. of L. _caput_, the head.]

CHAPLAIN, chap'l[=a]n, or chap'lin, _n._ a clergyman attached to a ship of

war, a regiment, a public institution, or private family.--_ns._

CHAP'LAINCY, CHAP'LAINRY, CHAP'LAINSHIP. [O. Fr. _chapelain_--Low L.

_capellanus_--_capella_. See CHAPEL.]

CHAPLET, chap'let, _n._ a garland or wreath for the head: a circlet of

gold, &c.: a string of beads used in counting prayers, one-third of a

rosary in length: anything in a string: a metal support of a cylindrical

pipe.--_adj._ CHAP'LETED. [O. Fr. _chapelet_--_chape_, a head-dress.]

CHAPMAN, chap'man, _n._ one who buys or sells: an itinerant dealer, a

pedlar: (_obs._) a purchaser.--_n._ CHAP'-BOOK, a name given to the books

which were formerly sold by chapmen. [A.S. _céap-man_--_céap_, trade, and

_mann_, man; cf. Ger. _kaufmann_, and see CHEAP.]

CHAPTER, chap't[.e]r, _n._ a main division of a book, or of anything: a

subject or category generally: an assembly of the canons of a cathedral or

collegiate church, or the members of a religious or military order: an

organised branch of some society or fraternity.--_v.t._ to put into

chapters: to take to task.--_n._ CHAP'TER-HOUSE.--CHAPTER-AND-VERSE, the

exact reference to the passage of the authority for one's statements.--THE

CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS, the catalogue of unforeseen events.--TO THE END OF

THE CHAPTER, throughout the whole subject. [O. Fr. _chapitre_--L.

_capitulum_, dim. of _caput_, the head. From the practice of reading to the

assembled canons or monks a _capitulum_ or chapter of their rule, or of the

Scriptures, the men themselves came to be called in a body the _capitulum_

or chapter, and their meeting-place the chapter-house.]

CHAPTREL, chap'trel, _n._ the capital of a pillar which supports an arch.

[Dim. of CHAPITER.]

CHAR, chär, _n._ a small fish of the salmon kind, found in mountain lakes

and rivers. [Prob. Celt.; cf. Gael, _ceara_, red, blood-coloured.]

CHAR, chär, _v.t._ to roast or burn until reduced to carbon or coal, to

scorch:--_pr.p._ char'ring; _pa.p._ charred.--_adj._ CHAR'RY, pertaining to

charcoal. [Prob. formed from _char_-coal.]

CHAR. See CHARE.

CHAR-À-BANC, shar'-a-bang, _n._ a long light vehicle with transverse seats.

[Fr.]

CHARACTER, kar'ak-t[.e]r, _n._ a letter, sign, figure, stamp, or

distinctive mark: a mark of any kind, a symbol in writing, &c.: writing

generally, handwriting: a secret cipher: any essential feature or

peculiarity: nature: (_obs._) personal appearance: the aggregate of

peculiar qualities which constitutes personal or national individuality:

moral qualities especially, the reputation of possessing such: a formal

statement of the qualities of a person who has been in one's service or

employment: official position, rank, or status, or a person who has filled

such: a person noted for eccentricity: a personality as created in a play

or novel (_Shak._ CHAR'ACT).--_v.t._ to engrave, imprint, write: to

represent, delineate, or describe.--_n._ CHARACTERIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._

CHAR'ACTERISE, to describe by peculiar qualities: to distinguish or

designate.--_ns._ CHAR'ACTERISM; CHARACTERIS'TIC, that which marks or

constitutes the character.--_adjs._ CHARACTERIS'TIC, -AL, marking or

constituting the peculiar nature.--_adv._ CHARACTERIS'TICALLY.--_adj._

CHAR'ACTERLESS, without character or distinctive qualities.--_ns._

CHAR'ACTERLESSNESS; CHAR'ACTERY, writing: impression: that which is

charactered.--IN CHARACTER, in harmony with the part assumed, appropriate,

as a CHARACTER ACTOR, one who tries to represent eccentricities. [Fr.

_caractère_--L. _character_--Gr. _charakt[=e]r_, from _charass-ein_, to

cut, engrave.]

CHARADE, shar-äd', _n._ a species of riddle, the subject of which is a word

proposed for solution from an enigmatical description of its component

syllables and of the whole--the charade is often acted. [Fr.; ety. dub.

Littré gives Prov. _charrada_, chatter; Prof. Skeat quotes Sp. _charrada_,

the speech of a clown.]

CHARCOAL, chär'k[=o]l, _n._ charred wood or coal made by charring wood; the

carbonaceous residue of vegetable, animal, or mineral substances when they

have undergone smothered combustion. [The first element of the word is of

doubtful origin.]

CHARE, ch[=a]r, CHAR, chär, _n._ an occasional piece of work, an odd job:

(_pl._) household work--in America usually CHORE.--_v.i._ to do odd jobs of

work: to do house-cleaning.--_n._ CHAR'WOMAN, a woman hired by the day to

do odd jobs of domestic work. [A.S. _cerran_, _cierran_, to turn.]

CHARET, chär'et, _n._ (_Spens._) same as CHARIOT.

CHARGE, chärj, _v.t._ to load, to put into, to fill (_with_): to load

heavily, burden: to fill completely: to cause to receive electricity: to

lay a task upon one, to enjoin, command: to deliver officially an

injunction, as a judge to a jury, a bishop or archdeacon to his clergy, or

a senior to a junior minister at a Presbyterian ordination: to bring an

accusation against: to exact a sum of money from, to ask as the

price.--_v.i._ to make an onset.--_n._ that which is laid on: cost or

price: the load of powder, &c., for a gun: attack or onset: care, custody:

the object of care, esp. a minister of religion's flock or parish: an

accumulation of electricity in a Leyden jar: command: exhortation:

accusation: (_pl._) expenses.--_adj._ CHARGE'ABLE, liable to be charged,

imputable: blamable: (_B._) burdensome.--_n._ CHARGE'ABLENESS.--_adv._

CHARGE'ABLY.--_adj._ CHARGE'FUL (_Shak._), expensive.--_n._ CHARGE'-HOUSE

(_Shak._), a common school where a fee was charged, in distinction to a

free-school.--_adj._ CHARGE'LESS.--_n._ CHARG'ER, a flat dish capable of

holding a large joint, a platter: a war-horse.--GIVE IN CHARGE, to hand

over to the police. [Fr. _charger_--Low L. _carric[=a]re_, to load--L.

_carrus_, a wagon. See CAR, CARGO.]

CHARGÉ-D'AFFAIRES, shar'zh[=a]-da-f[=a]r', _n._ a fourth-class diplomatic

agent, accredited, not to the sovereign, but to the department for foreign

affairs--he also holds his credentials only from the minister: the person

in charge for the time. [Fr.]

CHARILY, CHARINESS. See CHARY.

CHARIOT, char'i-ot, _n._ a four-wheeled pleasure or state carriage: a car

used in ancient warfare: a light four-wheeled carriage with

back-seats.--_v.t._ to carry in a chariot.--_v.i._ to ride in a

chariot.--_n._ CHARIOTEER', one who drives a chariot.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to

drive or to ride in such. [Fr., dim. of _char_, a CAR.]

CHARISM, kar'izm, _n._ a free gift of grace.--_adj._ CHARISMAT'IC. [Gr.

_charisma_--_charis_, grace.]

CHARITY, char'i-ti, _n._ (_N.T._) universal love: the disposition to think

favourably of others, and do them good: almsgiving: (_pl._)

affections.--_adj._ CHAR'ITABLE, of or relating to charity: liberal to the

poor.--_n._ CHAR'ITABLENESS.--_adv._ CHAR'ITABLY.--COLD AS CHARITY, an

ironical phrase implying the coldness of much so-called charity, which

should naturally be warm. [Fr. _charité_--L. _caritat-em_, _carus_, dear.]

CHARIVARI, shär'i-vär'i, _n._ a French term used to designate a wild tumult

and uproar, produced by the beating of pans, kettles, and dishes, mingled

with whistling, bawling, groans, and hisses, expressive of displeasure

against an individual--the 'rough music' not unknown in England as a

popular protest against an unequal marriage, or the like. [Ety. dub.; the

word, as suggesting derision, has been adopted as a name by satirical

journals.]

CHARK, chärk, _v.t._ to burn to charcoal.--_n._ charcoal, coke.

CHARLATAN, shär'la-tan, _n._ a mere talking pretender: a quack.--_adj._

CHARLATAN'IC.--_ns._ CHAR'LATANISM, CHAR'LATANRY. [Fr.,--It.

_ciarlatano_--_ciarlare_, to chatter, an imit. word.]

CHARLES'S WAIN, _n._ a name given to the seven bright stars in Ursa Major,

the Plough. [A.S. _Carles wægn_, Carl being Charlemagne.]

CHARLEY, CHARLIE, chär'li, _n._ a night-watchman: the small triangular

beard familiar in the portraits of _Charles_ I.: the fox.--_n._

CHAR'LEY-PITCH'ER (_slang_), one who makes a living by the thimble-and-pea

trick.

CHARLOCK, chär'lok, _n._ a plant of the mustard family, with yellow

flowers, that grows as a weed in cornfields. [A.S. _cerlic_.]

CHARLOTTE, shär'lot, _n._ a dish of apple marmalade covered with crumbs of

toast.--CHARLOTTE RUSSE, a custard enclosed in a kind of sponge-cake.

CHARM, chärm, _n._ a spell: something thought to possess occult power, a

metrical form of words: attractiveness: a trinket worn on a watch-guard:

the blended singing of birds, children, &c.: (_pl._) female beauty or other

personal attractions: that which can please irresistibly.--_v.t._ to

influence by a charm: to subdue by secret influence: to enchant: to

delight, to allure.--_adj._ CHARMED, protected, as by a special

charm.--_n._ CHARM'ER.--_adj._ CHARM'FUL, abounding with charms.--_p.adj._

CHARM'ING, highly pleasing: delightful: fascinating.--_adv._

CHARM'INGLY.--_adj._ CHARM'LESS, wanting or destitute of charms. [Fr.

_charme_--L. _carmen_, a song.]

CHARNECO, chär'ne-ko, _n._ (_Shak._) a kind of sweet wine. [Prob. from the

name of a village near Lisbon.]

CHARNEL, chär'nel, _adj._ of, or pertaining to, a charnel or burial-place,

as in 'charnel-vault,' &c.: sepulchral, death-like.--_n._ CHAR'NEL-HOUSE, a

place where the bones of the dead are deposited. [O. Fr. _charnel_--Low L.

_carn[=a]le_--L. _carnalis_, _caro_, _carnis_, flesh.]

CHARON, k[=a]'ron, _n._ in Greek mythology, the ferryman who rowed the

shades of the dead across the river Styx in the lower world: a ferryman

generally. [Gr.]

CHARPIE, shär'p[=e], _n._ lint shredded down so as to form a soft material

for dressing wounds. [O. Fr. _charpir_--L. _carp[)e]re_, to pluck.]

CHARPOY, char'poi, _n._ the common Indian bedstead, sometimes handsomely

wrought and painted. [Hind. _cha[=a]rp[=a][=i]_--Pers.

_chih[=a]r-p[=a][=i]_, four feet.]

CHARQUI, chär'k[=e], _n._ beef cut into long strips and dried in the

sun--jerked beef. [Peruv.]

CHARR. Same as CHAR (1).

CHART, chärt, _n._ a marine or hydrographical map, exhibiting a portion of

a sea or other water, with the islands, coasts of contiguous land,

soundings, currents, &c: an outline-map, or a tabular statement giving

information of any kind.--_adjs._ CHART[=A]'CEOUS; CHART'LESS. [O. Fr.

_charte_--L. _charta_, a paper.]

CHARTER, chärt'er, _n._ any formal writing in evidence of a grant,

contract, or other transaction, conferring or confirming titles, rights, or

privileges, or the like: the formal deed by which a sovereign guarantees

the rights and privileges of his subjects, like the famous MAG'NA CHART'A,

signed by King John at Runnymede, 15th June 1215, or the CHARTE of Louis

XVIII. at the Restoration in 1814, or that sworn by Louis-Philippe, 29th

August 1830: any instrument by which powers and privileges are conferred by

the state on a select body of persons for a special object, as the 'charter

of a bank:' a patent: grant, allowance: immunity.--_v.t._ to establish by

charter: to let or hire, as a ship, on contract.--_p.adj._ CHART'ERED,

granted or protected by a charter: privileged: licensed: hired by contract.

[O. Fr. _chartre_--L. _cartula_, _carta_.]

CHARTERHOUSE, chärt'[.e]r-hows, _n._ a Carthusian monastery: the famous

hospital and school instituted in London in 1611, on the site of a

Carthusian monastery--now transferred--the 'masterpiece of Protestant

English charity' in Fuller's phrase.--_ns._ CHAR'TREUSE, a Carthusian

monastery, esp. the original one, the Grande Chartreuse near Grenoble in

France: a famous liqueur, green, yellow, or white, long manufactured here

by the monks from aromatic herbs and brandy: a kind of enamelled pottery: a

pale greenish colour; CHAR'TREUX, a Carthusian: the Charterhouse School.

CHARTER-PARTY, chärt'[.e]r-pär'ti, _n._ the common written form in which

the contract of affreightment is expressed--viz. the hiring of the whole or

part of a ship for the conveyance of goods. [Fr. _charte-partie_, lit. a

divided charter, as the practice was to divide it in two and give a half to

each person. L. _charta part[=i]ta_.]

CHARTISM, chärt'izm, _n._ a movement in Great Britain for the extension of

political power to the working-classes, rising out of widespread national

distress and popular disappointment with the results of the Reform Bill of

1832--its programme, the 'People's Charter,' drawn up in 1838, with six

_points_: (1) Manhood Suffrage; (2) Equal Electoral Districts; (3) Vote by

Ballot; (4) Annual Parliaments; (5) Abolition of Property Qualification;

and (6) Payment of Members of the House of Commons.--_n._ CHART'IST, a

supporter of chartism.

CHARTOGRAPHY. See CARTOGRAPHY.

CHARTREUSE, CHARTREUX. See CHARTERHOUSE.

CHARTULARY. Same as CARTULARY.

CHARWOMAN. See CHARE.

CHARY, ch[=a]r'i, _adj._ sparing: cautious.--_adv._ CHAR'ILY.--_n._

CHAR'INESS. [A.S. _cearig_--_cearu_, care.]

CHARYBDIS, kar-ib'dis, _n._ a dangerous whirlpool between Italy and Sicily,

and opposite to Scylla, the two together providing a proverbial alternative

of ruin hardly to be escaped.

CHASE, ch[=a]s, _v.t._ to pursue: to hunt: to drive away, put to

flight.--_n._ pursuit: a hunting: that which is hunted: ground abounding in

game.--_n._ CHASE'PORT, the porthole at the bow or stern of a vessel,

through which the chase-gun is fired.--BEASTS OF CHASE, properly the buck,

doe, fox, marten, and roe: wild beasts that are hunted

generally.--WILD-GOOSE CHASE, any foolish or profitless pursuit. [O. Fr.

_chacier_, _chasser_--L. _capt[=a]re_, freq. of _cap[)e]re_, to take.]

CHASE, ch[=a]s, _v.t._ to decorate metal-work, whether hammered or punched

up, by engraving the exterior.--_ns._ CHAS'ER, one who practises chasing;

CHAS'ING, the art of representing figures in bas-relief by punching them

out from behind, and then carving them on the front: the art of cutting the

threads of screws. [Short for ENCHASE.]

CHASE, ch[=a]s, _n._ a case or frame for holding types: a groove. [Fr.

_châsse_, a shrine, a setting--L. _capsa_, a chest. See CASE.]

CHASERICULTURE, chas-er-i-kul't[=u]r, _n._ the combined industries of

tea-growing and of silk-production. [A combination of Chinese _cha_, tea,

_chasze_, the former tea valuers of Canton, and L. _sericum_, silk.]

CHASM, kazm, _n._ a yawning or gaping hollow: a gap or opening: a void

space.--_adjs._ CHASMED; CHASM'Y. [Gr. _chasma_, from _chain-ein_, to gape;

cf. CHAOS.]

CHASSE, shäs, _n._ a dram or liqueur taken after coffee, to remove the

taste.--Also CHASSE-CAFÉ [Fr. _chasse-café_--_chasser_, to chase, remove.]

CHASSÉ, shäs'[=a], _n._ a kind of gliding step in dancing.--_v.t._ to make

such a step: (_slang_) to dismiss. [Fr.]

CHASSEPOT, shas'po, _n._ the kind of bolt-action breechloading rifle

adopted by the French army in 1866. [From Antoine Alphonse _Chassepot_, the

inventor.]

CHASSEUR, sha-s[=a]r', _n._ a hunter or huntsman: one of a select body of

French light troops, either infantry or cavalry; a domestic dressed in

military garb in the houses of the great. [Fr. _chasser_, to hunt.]

CHASTE, ch[=a]st, _adj._ modest; refined; virtuous: pure in taste and

style.--_adv._ CHASTE'LY.--_ns._ CHASTE'NESS, the quality of being chaste;

CHAS'TITY, sexual purity: virginity: refinement of language: moderation.

[O. Fr. _chaste_--L. _castus_, pure.]

CHASTEN, ch[=a]s'n, _v.t._ to free from faults by punishing--hence to

punish, to purify or refine: to restrain or moderate.--_p.adj._ CHAS'TENED,

purified: modest.--_n._ CHAS'TENMENT.

CHASTISE, chas-t[=i]z', _v.t._ to inflict punishment upon for the purpose

of correction: to reduce to order or to obedience.--_adj._

CHAST[=I]S'ABLE.--_n._ CHAS'TISEMENT.

[Illustration]

CHASUBLE, chaz'[=u]-bl, _n._ a sleeveless vestment worn over the alb by the

priest while celebrating mass. [O. Fr. _chesible_--Low L. _casubula_--L.

_casula_, a mantle, dim. of _casa_, a hut.]

CHAT, chat, _v.i._ to talk idly or familiarly:--_pr.p._ chat'ting; _pa.p._

chat'ted.--_n._ familiar, idle talk.--_n._ CHAT'TINESS.--_adj._ CHAT'TY,

given to chat, talkative. [Short for CHATTER.]

CHAT, chat, _n._ a genus of small birds in the thrush family, of which the

wheatear is a familiar example. [From the sound of their voice.]

CHATEAU, sha-t[=o]', _n._ a castle, a great country-seat, esp. in France

(common in place-names, and connected with wines, as 'Château Lafitte,'

'Château Yqem,' &c.).--_ns._ CHATELAIN (shat'e-l[=a]n), a castellan;

CHAT'ELAINE, a female castellan: an ornamental appendage, suitable to a

lady chatelaine, consisting of short chains bearing keys, corkscrew,

scissors, &c., attached to the waist-belt: a similar thing in miniature

attached to the watch-chain.--CHÂTEAU EN ESPAGNE, a castle in the air. [O.

Fr. _chastel_ (Fr. _château_)--L. _castellum_, dim. of _castrum_, a fort.]

CHATON, sha-tong', _n._ the head of a ring. [Fr.]

CHATOYANT, shat-oi'ant, _adj._ with a changing lustre, like a cat's eye in

the dark. [Fr.]

CHATTA, chät'a, _n._ an umbrella. [Hind.]

CHATTEL, chat'l, _n._ any kind of property which is not freehold,

distinguished further into _chattels-real_ and _chattels-personal_, the

latter being mere personal movables--money, plate, cattle, and the like;

the former including leasehold interests.--GOODS AND CHATTELS, all

corporeal movables. [O. Fr. _chatel_--Low L. _captale_--L. _capitale_, &c.,

property, goods.]

CHATTER, chat'er, _v.i._ to talk idly or rapidly: to sound as the teeth

when one shivers.--_ns._ CHATT'ERBOX, one who chatters or talks

incessantly; CHATT'ERER, one that chatters: an idle talker: a significant

popular name applied to the birds of a small family of finch-like perching

birds, as the Bohemian wax-wing and the cedar bird of America; CHATT'ERING,

noise like that made by a magpie, or by the striking together of the teeth:

idle talk. [From the sound.]

CHATTY, chat'i, _n._ an earthen water-pot in India. [Hind.]

CHAUCERIAN, chä-s[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Chaucer_, or like

him.--_n._ a devoted student of Chaucer.--_n._ CHAU'CERISM, anything

characteristic of Chaucer.

CHAUD-MELLÉ, sh[=o]d-m[=a]'l[=a], _n._ a fight arising in the heat of

passion: the killing of a man in such a fight.--Also CHAUD'-MED'LEY. [O.

Fr. _chaude-mellee_, hot fight. See MÊLÉE.]

CHAUFE, CHAUFF (_Spens._). Forms of CHAFE.

CHAUFFER, chaw'f[.e]r, _n._ a metal box for holding fire, a portable

furnace or stove. [See CHAFER.]

CHAUFFEUR, sh[=o]f-f[.e]r, _n._ a motor-car attendant. [Fr.]

CHAUSSES, sh[=o]s, or sh[=o]'sez, _n.pl._ any closely fitting covering for

the legs, hose generally: the defence-pieces for the legs in ancient

armour.--_n._ CHAUSSURE', a general name for boots and shoes. [O. Fr.

_chauces_--L. _calcias_, pl. of _calcia_, hose.]

CHAUTAUQUAN, sha-taw'kwan, _adj._ pertaining to a system of instruction for

adults by home reading and study under guidance, evolved from the

_Chautauqua_ Literary and Scientific Circle, organised in 1878.

CHAUVINISM, sh[=o]'vin-izm, _n._ an absurdly extravagant pride in one's

country, with a corresponding contempt for foreign nations--the French

equivalent of the Jingoism of London music-halls.--_ns._ CHAU'VIN,

CHAU'VINIST.--_adj._ CHAUVINIST'IC. [Fr. _chauvinisme_, from _Chauvin_, a

figure in _La Cocarde tricolore_.]

CHAVENDER, chav'en-der, _n._ the chub or cheven.

CHAW, chaw, _n._ (_Spens._) the jaw--usually _pl._--_v.t._ to chew, still

used of tobacco.--_n._ CHAW'-B[=A]'CON, a country clown, a rustic

fellow.--CHAWED UP, destroyed. [See JAW.]

CHAWDRON, chaw'dron, _n._ (_Shak._) part of the entrails of an animal. [O.

Fr. _chaudun_.]

CHAY, a vulgar form of CHAISE.

CHAYA-ROOT. Same as SHAYA-ROOT.

CHEAP, ch[=e]p, _adj._ low in price: of a place where prices are low, as 'a

cheap market:' of a low price in relation to the value: easily obtained: of

small value, or reckoned at such.--_v.t._ CHEAP'EN, to ask the price of a

thing: to make cheap, to lower the price of: to lower the reputation of: to

beat down the price of.--_n._ CHEAP'ENER.--_adv._ CHEAP'LY.--_n._

CHEAP'NESS.--CHEAP JACK, or JOHN, a travelling hawker who pretends to give

great bargains; CHEAP LABOUR, labour paid at a poor rate; CHEAP TRIP, an

excursion by rail or steamer at a reduced fare; CHEAP-TRIPPER, one who goes

on such a trip.--DIRT CHEAP, ridiculously cheap.--ON THE CHEAP, cheap or

cheaply.--TO BE CHEAP OF ANYTHING (_Scot._), to get off with less than one

deserved or expected, as of punishment. [Orig. _good cheap_, i.e. a good

bargain; A.S. _ceap_, price, a bargain; A.S. _céapian_, Ice. _kaupa_, Ger.

_kaufen_, to buy; Scot. _coup_--all borrowed from L. _caupo_, a huckster.]

CHEAT, ch[=e]t, _v.t._ to deceive, defraud, impose upon.--_v.i._ to

practise deceit.--_n._ a fraud: one who cheats.--_ns._ CHEAT'ER, one who

cheats: (_Shak._) an officer who collected the fines to be paid into the

Exchequer; CHEAT'ERY (_coll._), cheating.--PUT A CHEAT UPON, to

deceive.--TAME CHEATER, a decoy. [M. E. _cheten_, a form of _escheten_, to

escheat.]

CHECK, chek, _v.t._ to bring to a stand: to restrain or hinder: to rebuke:

to control an account, &c., by comparison with certified data, vouchers,

&c.: to place in check at chess: to mark with a pattern of crossing

lines.--_n._ a term in chess when one party obliges the other either to

move or guard his king: anything that checks: a sudden stop, repulse, or

rebuff: (_B._, _Shak._) a rebuke: a mark put against items in a list: an

order for money (usually written CHEQUE): any counter-register used as

security, a counterfoil: a token, of printed paper or metal, given to a

railroad passenger to make secure the after-identification of his luggage,

to a person leaving his seat in a theatre with the intention of returning,

&c.: (_U.S._) a counter used in games at cards--hence 'to pass in one's

checks' = to die: a pattern of cross lines forming small squares, as in a

chessboard: any fabric woven with such a pattern.--_adj._ (_her._) divided

into small squares by transverse, perpendicular, and horizontal

lines.--_ns._ CHECK'-CLERK, a clerk who checks accounts, &c.; CHECK'ER, one

who hinders or rebukes; CHECK'ER-BOARD, a board on which checkers or

draughts is played; CHECK'-KEY, a latch-key; CHECK'MATE, in chess, a check

given to the adversary's king when in a position in which it can neither be

protected nor moved out of check, so that the game is finished: a complete

check: defeat: overthrow.--_v.t._ in chess, to make a movement which ends

the game: to defeat.--_ns._ CHECK'-REIN, a coupling rein, a strap hindering

the horse from lowering its head; CHECK'-STRING, a string by which the

occupant of a carriage may attract the driver's notice; CHECK'-TAK'ER, the

collector of admission tickets at a theatre, railway-train, &c.;

CHECK'-WEIGH'ER, one who on the part of the men checks the weight of coal

sent up to the pit-mouth. [O. Fr. _eschec_, _eschac_ (Low L. _scaccus_,

_sc[=a]chus_, It. _scacco_, Sp. _jaque_, Ger. _scach_), through Ar. from

Pers. _sh[=a]h_, king--CHECKMATE being O. Fr. _eschec mat_--Ar. _sh[=a]h

m[=a]t(a)_, 'the king is dead,' i.e. can make no further move.]

CHECKER. See CHEQUER.

CHECKER-BERRY, chek'[.e]r-beri, _n._ an American name for the winter-green

(q.v.).

CHECKERS, chek'[.e]rz, _n.pl._ the game of draughts.

CHECKLATON, chek'la-ton, _n._ (_Spens._) a cloth of gold or other rich

material.--Also CIC'LATOUN. [O. Fr. _ciclaton_, from Ar., prob. from the

same root as _scarlet_.]

CHEDDAR, ched'ar, _n._ an excellent kind of cheese first made in

Somersetshire. [From the village of _Cheddar_ in Somersetshire.]

CHEEK, ch[=e]k, _n._ the side of the face below the eye, the fleshy lateral

wall of the mouth: effrontery, impudence, as in 'to have the cheek' to do

anything, 'to give cheek:' one of the side-posts of a door or window: the

cheek-strap of a horse's bridle, the ring at the end of the bit: anything

arranged in internal pairs.--_v.t._ to address insolently.--_ns._

CHEEK'BONE, the bone of the cheek; CHEEK'-POUCH, a dilatation of the skin

of the cheek, forming a bag outside the teeth, as in monkeys, &c.;

CHEEK'-TOOTH, a molar tooth.--_adj._ CHEEK'Y, insolent, saucy.--CHEEK BY

JOWL, side by side.--TO ONE'S OWN CHEEK, for one's own private use. [A.S.

_céce_, _céace_, the cheek, jaw; cf. Dut. _kaak_.]

CHEEP, ch[=e]p, _v.i._ to chirp, as a young bird.--_n._ any similar sound.

[From the sound, like CHIRP.]

CHEER, ch[=e]r, _n._ disposition, frame of mind (with _good_, &c.): joy: a

shout of approval or welcome: kind treatment: entertainment: fare,

food.--_v.t._ to comfort: to encourage: to applaud: to inspirit--'to cheer

up.'--_v.i._ in such phrases as 'How cheer'st thou?'--_refl._ as in 'Cheer

thee.'--_n._ CHEER'ER, one who, or that which, cheers.--_adj._ CHEER'FUL,

of good spirits: joyful: lively.--_advs._ CHEER'FULLY, CHEER'ILY.--_ns._

CHEER'FULNESS; CHEER'INESS; CHEER'ISHNESS (_Milton_), cheerfulness.--_adj._

CHEER'LESS, without comfort: gloomy.--_n._ CHEER'LESSNESS.--_adj._

CHEER'LY, cheerful.--_adv._ in a cheery manner: heartily.--_adj._ CHEER'Y,

cheerful: promoting cheerfulness. [O. Fr. _chiere_, the countenance--Low L.

_cara_, the face.]

CHEESE, ch[=e]z, _n._ a wholesome article of food, made into a round form,

from the curd of milk coagulated by rennet, separated from the whey, and

pressed into a hard mass.--_ns._ CHEESE'-CAKE, a cake made of soft curds,

sugar, and butter, or whipped egg and sugar; CHEESE'-HOP'PER, the larva of

a small fly, remarkable for its leaping power, found in cheese;

CHEESE'-MITE, a very small insect which breeds in cheese; CHEESE'-MONG'ER,

a dealer in cheese; CHEESE'-PAR'ING (_Shak._), paring, or rind, of

cheese.--_adj._ mean and parsimonious.--_ns._ CHEESE'-PRESS, a machine in

which curds for cheese are pressed; CHEESE'-RENN'ET, the plant Ladies'

bed-straw, so called because used as rennet in curdling milk; CHEESE'-VAT,

a vat or wooden case in which curds are pressed; CHEES'INESS.--_adj._

CHEES'Y, having the nature of cheese.--CHEESE IT (_slang_), stop, have

done, run off.--GREEN CHEESE, cheese not yet dried.--TO MAKE CHEESES, to

whirl round and then sink down suddenly so as to make the petticoats stand

out like a cheese. [A.S. _cése_, _cýse_, curdled milk (Ger. _käse_)--L.

_caseus_.]

CHEESE, ch[=e]z, _n._ (_slang_) the correct thing, of excellent quality,

[Colonel Yule explains it as Pers. and Hind. _ch[=i]z_, thing, the

expression having formerly been common among young Anglo-Indians, e.g.

'These cheroots are the real _ch[=i]z_,' i.e. the real thing.]

CHEETAH, ch[=e]'tah, _n._ an Eastern animal like the leopard, used in

hunting. [Hind, _ch[=i]t[=a]_--Sans. _chitraka_, _chitrak[=a]ya_, having a

speckled body.]

CHEF, shef, _n._ a master-cook; a reliquary in the shape of a head.--_adj._

chief, as in CHEF D'OEUVRE, masterpiece, [Fr. See CHIEF.]

CHEIROMANCY, k[=i]'ro-man-si, _n._ the art of telling fortunes by the

lineaments of the hand--also CHEIROS'OPHY.--_adj._ CHEIROSOPH'ICAL.--_n._

CHEIROS'OPHIST, [Gr. _cheir_, the hand, _manteia_, prophecy.]

CHEIROPTERA, k[=i]-rop't[.e]r-a, _n.pl._ the order of Bats.--_adj._

CHEIROP'TEROUS. [Gr. _cheir_, the hand, _pteron_, a wing.]

CHEIROTHERIUM, k[=i]-ro-th[=e]r'i-um, _n._ the name originally given to the

Labyrinthodont, from its peculiar hand-like impressions in the Triassic

rocks.--_adj._ CHEIROTH[=E]'RIAN. [Gr. _cheir_, hand, _th[=e]rion_, beast.]

CHELA, k[=e]'la, _n._ the prehensile claw of a crab or scorpion.--_adj._

CH[=E]'LATE.--_n._ CH[=E]'LIFER, the book-scorpion.--_adjs._ CHELIF'EROUS;

CH[=E]'LIFORM. [L.,--Gr. _ch[=e]l[=e]_.]

CHELA, ch[=e]'la, _n._ a novice in esoteric Buddhism.--_n._ CH[=E]'LASHIP.

[Hind. _ch[=e]l[=a]_, servant.]

CHELICERA, k[=e]l-is'er-a, _n._ a technical term, usually restricted to the

biting organs which form the first pair of appendages in spiders,

scorpions, and other Arachnida:--_pl._ CHELIC'ERÆ (-r[=e]). [Gr.

_ch[=e]l[=e]_, a crab's claw, _keras_, horn.]

CHELONIA, ke-l[=o]'ni-a, _n._ an order of vertebrate animals including the

tortoise and turtle.--_adj._ and _n._ CHEL[=O]'NIAN. [Gr. _chel[=o]n[=e]_,

a tortoise.]

CHEMISE, she-m[=e]z', _n._ a woman's shirt or sark, a smock or shift.--_n._

CHEMISETTE', a kind of bodice worn by women, the lace or muslin which fills

up the open front of a woman's dress. [Fr. _chemise_--Low L. _camisia_, a

nightgown, surplice.]

CHEMISTRY, kem'is-tri, formerly CHYM'ISTRY, _n._ the science which treats

of the properties of substances both elementary and compound, and of the

laws of their combination and action one upon another.--_adjs._ CHEM'IC,

-AL (CHEM'ICO-, in many compound words), CHEMIAT'RIC (a Paracelsian term,

Gr. _ch[=e]meia_, chemistry, _iatreia_, medical treatment).--_adv._

CHEM'ICALLY.--_n.pl._ CHEM'ICALS, substances which form the subject of

chemical effects.--_ns._ CHEM'ISM, chemical action; CHEM'IST, one skilled

in chemistry, specially a druggist or apothecary.--CHEMICAL AFFINITY, the

name given to the tendency to combine with one another which is exhibited

by many substances, or to the force by which the substances constituting a

compound are held together; CHEMICAL NOTATION, a method of expressing the

composition of chemical substances and representing chemical changes, by

certain known symbols and formulæ; CHEMICAL WORKS, manufactories where

chemical processes are carried on for trade, as _alkali works_, &c. [From

ALCHEMY (q.v.).]

CHEMITYPE, kemi'-t[=i]p, _n._ the chemical process for obtaining casts in

relief from an engraving.--_n._ CHEM'ITYPY.

CHEMOSH, k[=e]'mosh, _n._ the national god of Moab: any false god.

CHENILLE, she-n[=e]l', _n._ a thick, velvety-looking cord of silk or wool

(and so resembling a caterpillar), used in ornamental sewing and

manufactured trimmings. [Fr. _chenille_, a caterpillar--L. _canicula_, a

hairy little dog, _canis_, a dog.]

CHEQUE, CHECK, chek, _n._ a money order on a banker payable at

demand.--_ns._ CHEQUE'-BOOK, a book containing cheque forms given by a bank

to its customers; CHEQ'UER, CHECK'ER, a chess-board: alternation of

colours, as on a chess-board: (_pl._) draughts: chess-men.--_v.t._ to mark

in squares of different colours: to variegate: interrupt.--_adjs._

CHEQ'UERED, CHECK'ERED, variegated, like a chess-board: varying in

character.--_ns._ CHEQ'UER-WORK, any pattern having alternating squares of

different colours; BLANK'-CHEQUE, a cheque signed by the owner, but without

having the amount to be drawn indicated; CROSS'-CHEQUE, an ordinary cheque

with two transverse lines drawn across it, which have the effect of making

it payable only through a banker. [See CHECK.]

CHERIMOYER, cher-i-moi'er, _n._ a Peruvian fruit resembling the

custard-apple.--Also CHIRIMOY'A.

CHERISH, cher'ish, _v.t._ to protect and treat with affection: to nurture,

nurse: to entertain in the mind.--_n._ CHER'ISHMENT. [Fr. _chérir_,

_chérissant_--_cher_, dear--L. _carus_.]

CHEROOT, she-r[=oo]t', _n._ a cigar not pointed at either end. [Fr.

_cheroute_, representing the Tamil name _shuruttu_, a roll (Colonel Yule).]

CHEROOT. See SHAYA-ROOT.

CHERRY, cher'i, _n._ a small bright-red stone-fruit: the tree that bears

it.--_adj._ like a cherry in colour: ruddy.--_ns._ CHERR'Y-BRAND'Y, a

pleasant liqueur made by steeping Morello cherries in brandy;

CHERR'Y-LAU'REL, the common English name for the _Cerasus Lauro-Cerasus_ of

Asia Minor; CHERR'Y-PEPP'ER, a West Indian species of _Capsicum_;

CHERR'Y-PIE, a pie made of cherries; the common heliotrope; CHERR'Y-PIT, a

game which consists in throwing cherry-stones into a small hole;

CHERR'Y-STONE, the hard seed of the cherry. [A.S. _ciris_--L.

_cerasus_--Gr. _kerasos_, a cherry-tree, said to be so named from

_Cerasus_, a town in Pontus, from which the cherry was brought.]

CHERRY, cher'i, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to cheer.

CHERSONESE, ker'so-n[=e]z, _n._ a peninsula, [Gr.

_cher-son[=e]sos_--_chersos_, land, dry land, _n[=e]sos_, an island.]

CHERT, ch[.e]rt, _n._ a kind of quartz or flint: hornstone.--_adj._

CHERT'Y, like or containing chert. [Prob. Celt.; Ir. _ceart_, a pebble.]

CHERUB, cher'ub, _n._ a winged creature with human face, represented as

associated with Jehovah, esp. drawing his chariot-throne: a celestial

spirit: a beautiful child:--_pl._ CHER'UBS, CHER'UBIM, CHER'UBIMS.--_adjs._

CHERU'BIC, -AL, CHERUBIM'IC, angelic.--_adv._ CHERU'BICALLY.--_n._

CHER'UBIN (_Shak._), a cherub. [Heb. _k'r[=u]b_, pl. _k'r[=u]b[=i]m_.]

CHERUP, cher'up, _v.t._ to urge on by chirruping.

CHERVIL, ch[.e]r'vil, _n._ an umbelliferous plant, cultivated as a

pot-herb, and used in soups and for a garnish, &c., in the same manner as

parsley. In Scotland the plant is commonly called _Myrrh_. [A.S. _cerfille_

(Ger. _kerbel_)--L. _cærefolium_--Gr. _chairephyllon_.]

CHESIL, chez'il, _n._ gravel: shingle: bran.--Also CHISEL. [A.S. _cisil_.]

CHESS, ches, _n._ a game of skill for two persons or parties, played with

figures or 'pieces,' which are moved on a chequered board.--_n._

CHESS'-BOARD, the board on which chess is played.--_n.pl._ CHESS'-MEN,

pieces used in chess. [Fr. _échecs_; It. _scacchi_; Ger. _schach_. Orig.

from Pers. _sháh_, a king.]

CHESS, ches, _n._ one of the parallel planks of a pontoon-bridge--generally

in _pl._

CHESSEL, ches'el, _n._ a cheese mould or vat.

CHEST, chest, _n._ a large strong box: the part of the body between the

neck and the abdomen, the thorax.--_adj._ CHEST'ED, having a chest: placed

in a chest.--_n._ CHEST'-NOTE, in singing or speaking, a deep note, the

lowest sound of the voice. [A.S. _cyst_; Scot. _kist_--L. _cista_--Gr.

_kist[=e]_.]

CHESTNUT, CHESNUT, ches'nut, _n._ a nut or fruit enclosed in a prickly

case: the tree that bears it: (_slang_) a stale joke or story.--_adj._ of a

chestnut colour, reddish-brown. [O. Fr. _chastaigne_--L. _castanea_--Gr.

_kastanon_, from _Castana_, in Pontus.]

CHETVERT, chet'vert, _n._ a Russian dry measure, equal to 8 _chevteriks_.

[Illustration]

CHEVAL-DE-FRISE, she-val'-de-fr[=e]z, _n._ a piece of timber armed with

spikes, used to defend a passage or to stop cavalry:--_pl._

CHEVAUX-DE-FRISE (she-v[=o]'-).--_n._ CHEVAL'-GLASS, a large glass or

mirror supported on a frame. [Fr.,--_cheval_, horse; _Frise_, Friesland.]

CHEVALIER, shev-a-l[=e]r', _n._ a cavalier: a knight: a gallant.

[Fr.,--_cheval_--L. _caballus_, a horse.]

CHEVELURE, shev'e-l[=u]r, _n._ a head of hair: a periwig: the nebulous part

of a comet. [Fr.,--L. _capillatura_--_capillus_, hair.]

CHEVEN, chev'en, _n._ the chub.--Also CHEV'IN.

CHEVEREL, chev'[.e]r-el, _n._ a kid: soft, flexible leather made of

kid-skin.--_adj._ like kid leather, pliable. [Fr. _chevreau_, a

kid--_chèvre_; L. _capra_, a goat.]

CHEVESAILE, chev'e-s[=a]l, _n._ an ornamental collar of a coat. [O. Fr.

_chevesaile_--_chevece_, the neck.]

CHEVIOT, ch[=e]'vi-ot, or chev'i-ot, _n._ a hardy breed of short-wooled

sheep reared on the _Cheviot_ Hills: a cloth made from their wool.

CHEVISANCE, shev'i-zäns, _n._ (_Spens._) achievement, performance.

[Fr.,--_chevir_, to accomplish; _chef_, the head, the end.]

[Illustration]

CHEVRON, shev'ron, _n._ a rafter: (_her._) the representation of two

rafters of a house meeting at the top: the V-shaped band of worsted braid

or gold lace worn on the sleeve of a non-commissioned officer's

coat.--_adjs._ CHEVRONE', CHEV'RONED. [Fr. _chevron_ (Sp. _cabrio_), a

rafter--L. _capreolus_, dim. of _caper_, a goat.]

CHEVY, chev'i, CHIVY, chiv'i, _n._ a cry, shout: a hunt.--_v.t._ to chase.

[Perh. from 'Chevy Chase,' a well-known ballad relating a Border battle.]

CHEW, ch[=oo], _v.t._ to cut and bruise with the teeth: to masticate:

(_fig._) to meditate, reflect.--_n._ action of chewing: a quid of

tobacco.--_ns._ CHEW'ET, a kind of pie or pudding made of various

ingredients mixed together; CHEW'ING-GUM, a preparation made from a gum

called _chicle_, produced by a Mexican tree allied to the india-rubber

tree, sweetened and flavoured.--CHEW THE CUD, to masticate a second time

food that has already been swallowed and passed into the first stomach: to

ruminate in thought. [A.S. _ceówan_; Ger. _kauen_; cf. JAW.]

CHEWET, ch[=oo]'et, _n._ a chough; (_Shak._) a chatterer. [Fr. _chouette_,

an owl.]

CHIAN, k[=i]'an, _adj._ pertaining to _Chios_ in the Ægean Sea.

CHIANTI, k[=e]-an'ti, _n._ a red wine of Tuscany.

CHIAROSCURO, kyär'o-sk[=u]-ro, _n._ distribution or blending of light and

shade, the art of representing light in shadow and shadow in light.

CHIASM, k[=i]'azm, _n._ (_anat._) a decussation or intersection, esp. that

of the optic nerves--also CHIAS'MA.--_n._ CHIAS'MUS (_rhet._), contrast by

parallelism in reverse order, as 'Do not live to eat, but eat to

live.'--_adj._ CHIAS'TIC. [Gr. _chiasma_, two lines crossed as in the

letter X.]

CHIAUS, chows, _n._ Same as CHOUSE.

CHIBOUK, CHIBOUQUE, chi-book', _n._ a long straight-stemmed Turkish pipe

for smoking. [Turk.]

CHIC, sh[=e]k, _n._ style, fashion: adroitness.--_adj._ stylish, 'up to the

mark.' [Fr.]

CHICA, ch[=e]'ka, _n._ an orange-red dye-stuff, obtained by boiling the

leaves of the Bignonia, a climber of the banks of the Cassiquiare and the

Orinoco. [Native name.]

CHICANE, shi-k[=a]n', _v.i._ to use shifts and tricks.--_v.t._ to

deceive.--_n._ a trick or artifice.--_ns._ CHIC[=A]'NER, one who chicanes:

a quibbler; CHIC[=A]'NERY, trickery or artifice, esp. in legal proceedings:

quibbling; CHIC[=A]'NING, quibbling. [Fr. _chicane_, sharp practice at law,

most prob. from Late Gr. _tzykanion_, a game at mall, _tzykaniz-ein_, to

play at mall--Pers. _tchaug[=a]n_, a crooked mallet.]

CHICCORY. See CHICORY.

CHICH, chich, _n._ a dwarf pea. Same as CHICK-PEA.

CHICHA, ch[=e]ch'a, _n._ a South American liquor fermented from maize.

[Haytian.]

CHICK, chik, _n._ the young of fowls, esp. of the hen: a child, as a term

of endearment.--_ns._ CHICK'A-BID'DY, CHICK'-A-DID'DLE, terms of endearment

addressed to children; CHICK'EN, the young of birds, esp. of the hen: its

flesh: a child: a faint-hearted person; CHICK'EN-HAZ'ARD, a game at dice

(see HAZARD); CHICK'EN-HEART, a cowardly person.--_adj._

CHICK'EN-HEART'ED.--_ns._ CHICK'EN-POX, a contagious febrile disease,

chiefly of children, and bearing some resemblance to a very mild form of

small-pox; CHICK'LING, a little chicken; CHICK'WEED, a species of

stitchwort, and one of the most common weeds of gardens and cultivated

fields--for making poultices, and for feeding cage-birds, which are very

fond of its leaves and seeds.--MOTHER CAREY'S CHICKEN, a sailor's name for

the Stormy Petrel; NO CHICKEN, one no longer young. [A.S. _cicen_; cf. Dut.

_kieken_, Ger. _küchlein_.]

CHICK-PEA, chik'-p[=e], _n._ a dwarf species of pea cultivated for food in

the south of Europe and other places. [Fr. _chiche_--L. _cicer_, and PEA.]

CHICORY, CHICCORY, chik'o-ri, _n._ a plant whose long carrot-like root is

ground to adulterate coffee.--Also SUC'CORY. [Fr. _chicorée_--L.

_cichorium_, succory--Gr. _kich[=o]rion_.]

CHIDE, ch[=i]d, _v.t._ to scold, rebuke, reprove by words: to be noisy

about, as the sea.--_v.i._ to make a snarling, murmuring sound, as a dog or

trumpet:--_pr.p._ chid'ing; _pa.t._ chid, (_obs._) ch[=o]de; _pa.p._ chid,

chidd'en.--_ns._ CHID'ER (_Shak._), a quarrelsome person; CHID'ING,

scolding. [A.S. _cídan_.]

CHIEF, ch[=e]f, _adj._ head: principal, highest, first: (_Scot._)

intimate.--_adv._ chiefly.--_n._ a head or principal person: a leader: the

principal part or top of anything: (_her._) an ordinary, consisting of the

upper part of the field cut off by a horizontal line, generally made to

occupy one-third of the area of the shield.--_ns._ CHIEF'-BAR'ON, the

President of the Court of Exchequer; CHIEF'DOM, CHIEF'SHIP, state of being

chief: sovereignty; CHIEF'ERY, an Irish chieftaincy: the dues paid to a

chief; CHIEF'ESS, a female chief; CHIEF'-JUS'TICE (see JUSTICE).--_adj._

CHIEF'LESS, without a chief or leader.--_adv._ CHIEF'LY, in the first

place: principally: for the most part.--_ns._ CHIEF'RY, a rent paid to the

supreme lord: a chief's lands; CHIEF'TAIN, the head of a clan: a leader or

commander:--_fem._ CHIEF'TAINESS; CHIEF'TAINCY, CHIEF'TAINSHIP;

CHIEF'TAINRY.--IN CHIEF (_her._) means that the charge is borne in the

upper part of the shield: applied to holding land directly from the

sovereign: at the head, as commander-_in-chief_. [Fr. _chef_--L. _caput_,

the head.]

CHIELD, ch[=e]ld, _n._ (_Scot._) a lad, a young man.--Also CHIEL. [A form

of CHILD.]

CHIFF-CHAFF, chif'-chaf, _n._ a small species of Warbler, so called from

the resemblance of its notes to the syllables which form its name.

CHIFFON, shif'ong, _n._ any merely ornamental part of a woman's

dress.--_n._ CHIFFONIER', an ornamental cupboard: (_Fr._) a rag-picker.

[Fr.--_chiffe_, rag.]

CHIFFRE, sh[=e]'fr, _n._ (_mus._) a figure used to denote the harmony.

[Fr.]

CHIG, chig, _v.t._ (_prov._) to chew.--_n._ a chew, quid.

CHIGNON, sh[=e]'nyong, _n._ a general term for the long back-hair of women,

when gathered up and folded into a roll on the back of the head and neck.

[Fr., meaning first the nape of the neck, the joints of which are like the

links of a chain--_chaînon_, the link of a chain--_chaîne_, a chain.]

CHIGOE, chig'[=o], CHIGRE, CHIGGER, chig'[.e]r, _n._ a species of flea of

the West Indies, the female of which buries itself beneath the toe-nails,

and produces troublesome sores. [Fr. _chique_.]

CHIKARA, chi-kä'rä', _n._ a four-horned goat-like antelope of Bengal.

CHIKARA, chik'a'rä, _n._ a Hindu musical instrument of the violin class.

CHILBLAIN, chil'bl[=a]n, _n._ a localised inflammation of the skin which

occurs in cold weather on hands and feet, more rarely on ears and nose.

[CHILL and BLAIN.]

CHILD, ch[=i]ld, _n._ an infant or very young person: (_Shak._) a female

infant: one intimately related to one older: expressing origin or relation,

e.g. child of the East, child of shame, child of God, &c.: a disciple: a

youth of gentle birth, esp. in ballads, &c.--sometimes CHILDE and CHYLDE:

(_pl._) offspring: descendants: inhabitants:--_pl._ CHIL'DREN.--_ns._

CHILD'-BEAR'ING, the act of bringing forth children; CHILD'BED, the state

of a woman brought to bed with child; CHILD'BIRTH, the giving birth to a

child: parturition; CHILD'-CROW'ING, a nervous affection with spasm of the

muscles closing the glottis.--_adj._ CHILD'ED (_Shak._), possessed of a

child.--_n._ CHILD'HOOD, state of being a child: the time of one's being a

child.--_adjs._ CHILD'ING (_Shak._), fruitful, teeming; CHILD'ISH, of or

like a child: silly: trifling.--_adv._ CHILD'ISHLY.--_ns._ CHILD'ISHNESS,

CHILD'NESS, what is natural to a child: puerility.--_adjs._ CHILD'LESS,

without children; CHILD'-LIKE, like a child: becoming a child: docile:

innocent.--_n._ CHILD'-WIFE, a very young wife.--CHILD'S PLAY, something

very easy to do: something slight.--FROM or OF A CHILD, since the days of

childhood.--SECOND CHILDHOOD, the childishness of old age.--WITH CHILD,

pregnant, e.g. GET WITH CHILD, BE or GO WITH CHILD. [A.S. _cild_, pl.

_cild_, later _cildru_, _-ra_. The Ger. equivalent word is _kind_.]

CHILDERMAS-DAY, chil'd[.e]r-mas-d[=a], _n._ an anniversary in the Church of

England, called also _Innocents' Day_, held 28th December, to commemorate

the slaying of the children by Herod. [CHILD, MASS, and DAY.]

CHILIAD, kil'i-ad, _n._ the number 1000: 1000 of anything.--_ns._

CHIL'IAGON, a plane figure having 1000 angles; CHIL'IAH[=E]DRON, a solid

figure having 1000 sides; CHIL'IARCH, a leader or commander of a thousand

men; CHIL'IARCHY, the position of chiliarch; CHIL'IASM, the doctrine that

Christ will reign bodily upon the earth for 1000 years; CHIL'IAST, one who

holds this opinion. [Gr.,--_chilioi_, 1000.]

CHILL, chil, _n._ coldness: a cold that causes shivering: anything that

damps or disheartens.--_adj._ shivering with cold: slightly cold: opposite

of _cordial_.--_v.i._ to grow cold.--_v.t._ to make chill or cold: to blast

with cold: to discourage.--_adj._ CHILLED, made cold: hardened by chilling,

as iron.--_n._ CHILL'INESS.--_adj._ CHILL'ING, cooling, cold.--_n._

CHILL'NESS.--_adj._ CHILLY, that chills: somewhat chill.--TAKE THE CHILL

OFF, to give a slight heat: to make lukewarm. [A.S. _cele_, _ciele_, cold.

See COLD, COOL.]

CHILLI, chil'li, _n._ the seed pod or fruit of the capsicum, extremely

pungent and stimulant, and employed in sauces, mixed pickles, &c.; when

dried and ground, forms the spice called Cayenne pepper. [The Mexican

name.]

CHILLUM, chil'um, _n._ the part of a hookah containing the tobacco and

charcoal balls: a hookah itself: the act of smoking it. [Hind. _chilam_.]

CHILTERN HUNDREDS. See HUNDREDS.

CHIME, ch[=i]m, _n._ the harmonious sound of bells or other musical

instruments: agreement of sound or of relation: harmony: (_pl._) a set of

bells.--_v.i._ to sound in harmony: to jingle: to accord or agree: to

rhyme.--_v.t._ to strike, or cause to sound in harmony: to say words over

mechanically.--CHIME IN, to join in, in agreement; CHIME IN WITH, to agree,

or fall in with. [M. E. _chimbe_, prob. O. Fr. _cymbale_--L. _cymbalum_, a

cymbal.]

CHIME, CHIMB, ch[=i]m, _n._ the rim formed by the ends of the staves of a

cask: (_naut._) a hollowed or bevelled channel in the waterway of a ship's

deck. [Cog. with Dut. _kim_, Ger. _kimme_, edge.]

CHIMER, shim'er, CHIMERE, shi-m[=e]r, _n._ the upper robe worn by a bishop,

to which lawn sleeves are attached. [O. Fr. _chamarre_; Sp. _zamarra_,

_chamarra_, sheepskin.]

CHIMERA, CHIMÆRA, ki-m[=e]'ra, _n._ a fabulous, fire-spouting monster, with

a lion's head, a serpent's tail, and a goat's body: any idle or wild fancy:

a picture of an animal having its parts made up of various animals: a genus

of cartilaginous fishes, often ranked along with the sharks and

rays.--_adjs._ CHIMER'IC, -AL, of the nature of a chimera: wild:

fanciful.--_adv._ CHIMER'ICALLY. [L.,--Gr. _chimaira_, a she-goat.]

CHIMNEY, chim'ni, _n._ a passage for the escape of smoke or heated air from

a furnace: in houses, that part of the passage which is built above the

roof: anything of a like shape.--_ns._ CHIM'NEY-CAN, or -POT, a cylindrical

pipe of earthenware or other material placed at the top of a chimney to

increase the draught; CHIM'NEY-COR'NER, in old chimneys, the space between

the fire and the wall forming the sides of the fireplace: fireside,

commonly spoken of as the place for the aged and infirm; CHIM'NEY-PIECE, a

shelf over the fireplace; CHIM'NEY-SHAFT, the stalk of a chimney which

rises above the building; CHIM'NEY-STACK, a group of chimneys carried up

together; CHIM'NEY-STALK, a very tall chimney; CHIM'NEY-SWALL'OW, the

_Hirundo rustica_, a very common swallow: the chimney-swift;

CHIM'NEY-SWEEP, CHIM'NEY-SWEEP'ER, one who sweeps or cleans chimneys;

CHIM'NEY-TOP, the top of a chimney.--CHIMNEY-POT HAT, a familiar name for

the ordinary cylindrical hat of gentlemen. [Fr. _cheminée_--L.

_cam[=i]nus_; Gr. _kaminos_, a furnace.]

CHIMPANZEE, chim-pan'z[=e], _n._ an African ape, the highest of the

anthropoid or more man-like apes, belonging to the same genus as the

gorilla. [West African.]

CHIN, chin, _n._ the jutting part of the face below the mouth.--UP TO THE

CHIN, deeply immersed. [A.S. _cin_; Ger. _kinn_, Gr. _genys_.]

CHINA, ch[=i]n'a, _n._ fine kind of earthenware, originally made in

_China_: porcelain.--_ns._ CHIN'A-BARK, a common name of cinchona bark

(derived not from the empire of China, but from. _Kina_ or _Quina_, the

Peruvian name of cinchona--see QUININE); CHIN'A-CLAY, a fine white clay

used in making porcelain; CHIN'A-GRASS (_Boehmeria nivea_), a small

shrubby-like plant, allied to the nettle, native to China; the fibre of

this plant used for making ropes and cordage, and also in China for the

manufacture of grass-cloth; CHIN'A-INK (see INK); CHIN'AMAN, a native of

China; CHIN'A-ROOT, the root-stock of a Chinese shrubby plant, formerly

used in Europe medicinally, but still in the East as a remedy in rheumatic

or syphilitic cases; CHIN'A-ROSE, a name applied to several varieties of

garden roses; CHIN'A-SHOP, a shop in which china, crockery, &c. are sold;

CHIN'A-WARE, porcelain-ware; CHINEE', a Chinaman.--_adj._ CHINESE', of or

belonging to China.--CHINA ASTER (see ASTER).

CHINCH, chinch, _n._ the bed-bug in America. [Sp.,--L. _cimic-em_.]

CHINCHILLA, chin-chil'la, _n._ a small rodent quadruped of South America,

valued for its soft gray fur: the fur itself. [Sp.]

CHINCOUGH, chin'kof, _n._ a disease, esp. of children, attended with

violent fits of coughing: whooping-cough. [For _chink-cough_; Scot.

_kink-host_, Dut. _kinkhoest_. See CHINK and COUGH.]

CHINE, ch[=i]n, _n._ the spine or backbone: a piece of the backbone and

adjoining parts for cooking: a ridge, crest.--_v.t._ (_Spens._) to break

the back. [O. Fr. _eschine_, prob. from Old High Ger. _scina_, a pin,

thorn.]

CHINÉ, sh[=e]-n[=a]', _adj._ mottled in appearance, the warp being dyed in

different colours, or from threads of different colours twisted together.

[Fr., lit. 'Chinese.']

CHINE, ch[=i]n, _n._ a ravine. [A.S. _cinu_, a cleft.]

CHINK, chingk, _n._ a cleft, a narrow opening.--_v.i._ to crack.--_v.t._ to

fill up cracks.--_adj._ CHINK'Y, full of chinks. [Apparently formed upon M.

E. _chine_, a crack--A.S. _cinu_, a cleft.]

CHINK, chingk, _n._ the clink, as of coins.--_v.i._ to give forth a sharp

sound. [From the sound.]

CHINK, chingk, _n._ a gasp for breath.--_v.i._ to gasp--the northern form

_Kink_. [Cf. Dut. _kinken_, to cough; Ger. _keichen_, to gasp.]

CHINKAPIN, ching'ka-pin, _n._ the dwarf chestnut, a native of the United

States.--Also CHIN'CAPIN. [Ind.]

CHINOOK, chin-[=oo]k', _n._ a trader's jargon, consisting of words from

French and English, as well as Chinook and other Indian tongues.

CHINTZ, chints, _n._ a highly glazed printed calico, with a pattern

generally in several colours on a white or light-coloured ground. [Orig.

pl. of Hind, _chint_, spotted cotton-cloth.]

CHIP, chip, _v.t._ to chop or cut into small pieces: to hew: of chickens,

to break the shell of the egg in hatching: to pare away the crust of bread,

&c.: to bet:--_pr.p._ chip'ping; _pa.p._ chipped.--_n._ a small piece of

wood or other substance chopped off: (_slang_) a sovereign.--_n._

CHIP'-HAT, a cheap kind of hat, made of what is popularly called Brazilian

grass, but really consisting of strips of the leaves of a palm (_Chamærops

argentea_) imported from Cuba.--_adj._ CHIP'PY, abounding in chips: dry as

a chip: seedy from an overdose of liquor.--CHIP IN, to supply one's

part.--A CHIP OF THE OLD BLOCK, one with the characteristics of his father.

[M. E. _chippen_, to cut in pieces. Conn. with CHOP.]

CHIPMUCK, CHIPMUNK, chip'muk, -mungk, _n._ a kind of squirrel, common in

North America.

CHIPPENDALE, chip'pen-d[=a]l, _adj._ applied to a light style of

drawing-room furniture, after the name of a well-known cabinet-maker of the

18th century. The name is also applied to a style of book plates.

CHIRAGRA, k[=i]-rag'ra, _n._ gout in the hand.--_adjs._ CHIRAG'RIC, -AL.

[Gr.]

CHIRIMOYA. See CHERIMOYER.

CHIRK, ch[.e]rk, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to grate: to chirp or squeak. [A.S.

_cearcian_, to creak.]

CHIRL, chirl, _v.i._ to emit a low sound: to warble.--_n._ a kind of

musical warble. [Scot., from the sound. See CHIRR.]

CHIRM, ch[.e]rm, _v.i._ to cry out: to chirp.--_n._ noise, din, hum of

voices. [A.S. _cirman_, to cry out; cf. Dut. _kermen_.]

CHIROGNOMY, k[=i]-rog'n[=o]-mi, _n._ the so-called art or science of

judging character from the lines of the hand, palmistry.--_adj._

CHIROGNOM'IC. [Gr. _cheir_, the hand, _gn[=o]m[=e]_, understanding.]

CHIROGRAPH, k[=i]-rog-raf', _n._ any written or signed document.--_ns._

CHIROG'RAPHER, CHIROG'RAPHIST, one who professes the art of

writing---_adj._ CHIROGRAPH'IC--_n._ CHIROG'RAPHY, the art of writing, or

penmanship. [Gr. _cheir_, the hand, _graph[=e]_, writing.]

CHIROLOGY, k[=i]-rol'o-ji, _n._ the art of discoursing with the hands or by

signs, as the deaf and dumb do.--_n._ CHIROL'OGIST, one who converses by

signs with the hands. [Gr. _cheir_, the hand, _logia_, a discourse.]

CHIROMANCY. Same as CHEIROMANCY.

CHIROPODIST, k[=i]-rop'o-dist, _n._ a hand and foot doctor: one who removes

corns, bunions, warts, &c. [Gr. _cheir_, the hand, and _pous_, _podos_, the

foot.]

CHIRP, ch[.e]rp, _n._ the sharp, shrill sound of certain birds and

insects.--_v.i._ to make such a sound; to talk in a happy and lively

strain.--_v.t._ to cheer.--_n._ CHIRP'ER, a little bird: a

chirping-cup.--_adj._ CHIRP'ING, merry: cheering.--_n._ CHIRP'ING-CUP, a

cup that cheers.--_adj._ CHIRP'Y, lively: merry. [From the sound.]

CHIRR, ch[.e]r, _v.i._ to chirp, as is done by the cricket or grasshopper.

[From the sound.]

CHIRRUP, chir'up, _v.i._ to chirp: to make a sound with the mouth to urge

on a horse: to cheer up. [Lengthened form of CHIRP, and then brought into

connection with _cheer up_.]

CHIRT, ch[.e]rt, _n._ a squeeze.--_v.t._ to squeeze. [Conn. with CHIRR.]

CHIRUR'GEON, CHIRUR'GERY, CHIRUR'GICAL, old forms of SURGEON, SURGERY,

SURGICAL.--_adv._ CHIRUR'GEONLY (_Shak._), in a manner becoming a surgeon.

[Fr. _chirurgien_--Gr. _cheirourgos_--_cheir_, the hand, _ergon_, a work.]

CHISEL, chiz'el, _n._ an iron or steel tool to cut or hollow out wood,

stone, &c.: esp. the tool of the sculptor.--_v.t._ to cut, carve, &c. with

a chisel: (_slang_) to cheat:--_pr.p._ chis'elling; _pa.p._

chis'elled.--_adj._ CHIS'ELLED, cut with a chisel; (_fig._) having sharp

outlines, as cut by a chisel.--_n._ CHIS'ELLING.--_adj._

CHIS'EL-SHAPED.--_n._ CHIS'EL-TOOTH, the scalpriform perennial incisor of a

rodent. [O. Fr. _cisel_--L. _cæd[)e]re_, to cut.]

CHISEL, chiz'el, _n._ See CHESIL.

CHISLEU, chis'l[=u], _n._ the ninth month of the Jewish year, including

parts of November and December. [Heb.]

CHIT, chit, _n._ a note: an order or pass.--Also CHIT'TY. [Hind.

_chitthi_.]

CHIT, chit, _n._ a baby: a lively or pert young child: contemptuously, a

young woman or girl. [A.S. _cith_, a young tender shoot.]

CHITCHAT, chit'chat, _n._ chatting or idle talk: prattle: gossip. [A

reduplication of CHAT.]

CHITIN, k[=i]'tin, _n._ the substance which forms most of the hard parts of

jointed footed animals.--_adj._ CH[=I]'TINOUS. [Fr. _chitine_--Gr.

_chiton_, a tunic.]

CHITON, k[=i]'ton, _n._ the ancient Greek tunic: a genus of marine

molluscs. [Gr. _chit[=o]n_, a tunic]

CHITTER, chit'[.e]r, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to shiver.--_n._ CHITT'ERING. [Cf.

CHATTER.]

CHITTERLING, chit'[.e]r-ling, _n._ the smaller intestines of a pig or other

edible animal: a frill--prov. forms, _Chidling_, _Chitling_, _Chitter_.

[Ety. dub.]

CHIVALRY, shiv'al-ri, _n._ the usages and qualifications of chevaliers or

knights: bravery and courtesy: the system of knighthood in feudal

times.--_adjs._ CHIVAL'RIC, CHIV'ALROUS, pertaining to chivalry: bold:

gallant.--_adv._ CHIV'ALROUSLY.--_n._ CHIV'ALROUSNESS. [Fr.

_chevalerie_--_cheval_--Low L. _caballus_, a horse.]

CHIVE, ch[=i]v, _n._ an herb like the leek and onion, with small, flat,

clustered bulbs: a small bulb.--Also CIVE. [Fr. _cive_--L. _cæpa_, an

onion.]

CHIVY, chiv'vy, or CHEVY, chev'vy, _n._ a hunting cry.--_v.t._ to

chase.--_v.i._ to scamper. [Prob. from the Border battle of _Chevy_ Chase.]

CHLAMYS, kl[=a]'mis, _n._ an ancient Greek short cloak or mantle for men: a

purple cope: a genus of phytophagous beetles. [Gr.]

CHLOASMA, kl[=o]-az'ma, _n._ a skin-disease marked by yellowish-brown

patches. [Gr. _chlo[=e]_, verdure.]

CHLORINE, kl[=o]'rin, _n._ a yellowish-green gas with a peculiar and

suffocating odour.--_ns._ CHL[=O]'RAL, a limpid, colourless, oily liquid,

with a peculiar penetrating odour, formed when anhydrous alcohol is acted

on by dry chlorine gas; CHL[=O]'RALISM, the habit of using chloral, a

morbid state induced by such; CHL[=O]'RATE, a salt composed of chloric acid

and a base.--_adj._ CHL[=O]'RIC, of or from chlorine.--_n._ CHL[=O]'RIDE, a

compound of chlorine with some other substance, as potash, soda,

&c.--_v.t._ CHL[=O]'RIDISE, to convert into a chloride: (_phot._) to cover

with chloride of silver--also CHL[=O]'RIDATE.--_n._ CHLORIN[=A]'TION, the

process of getting gold, &c., out of ore by the use of chlorine.--_v.t._

CHL[=O]'RINISE, to combine or otherwise treat with chlorine--also

CHL[=O]'RINATE.--_ns._ CHL[=O]'RITE, a mineral consisting of silica,

alumina, &c., in variable proportions--it is of a green colour, rather

soft, and is easily scratched with a knife; CHL[=O]'RODYNE, a patent

medicine containing opium, chloroform, &c., used for allaying pain and

inducing sleep; CHL[=O]'ROFORM, a limpid, mobile, colourless, volatile

liquid, with a characteristic odour and a strong sweetish taste, used to

induce insensibility.--_adj._ CHL[=O]'ROID, like chlorine.--_ns._

CHL[=O]ROM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the bleaching powers of

chloride of lime; CHL[=O]ROM'ETRY, the process of testing the decolouring

power of any compound of chlorine; CHL[=O]'ROPHYL, the ordinary colouring

matter of vegetation, consisting of minute soft granules in the cells;

CHLOR[=O]'SIS, properly _green-sickness_, a peculiar form of anæmia or

bloodlessness, common in young women, and connected with the disorders

incident to the critical period of life.--_adjs._ CHL[=O]ROT'IC, pertaining

to chlorosis; CHL[=O]'ROUS, full of chlorine.--CHLORIC ACID, a syrupy

liquid, with faint chlorine colour and acid reaction. [Gr. _chl[=o]ros_,

pale-green.]

CHOBDAR, chob'dar, _n._ a frequent attendant of Indian nobles, and formerly

also of Anglo-Indian officials of rank, carrying a staff overlaid with

silver. [Pers.]

CHOCK, chok, _v.t._ to fasten as with a block or wedge.--_n._ a wedge to

keep a cask from rolling: a log.--_adjs._ CHOCK'-FULL, CHOKE'-FULL, quite

full; CHOCK'-TIGHT, very tight. [See CHOKE.]

CHOCOLATE, chok'[=o]-l[=a]t, _n._ a preparation of the seeds of _Theobroma

cacao_, made by grinding the seeds mixed with water to a very fine paste: a

beverage made by dissolving this paste in boiling water.--_adj._

chocolate-coloured, dark reddish-brown: made of or flavoured with

chocolate. [Sp. _chocolate_; from Mex. _chocolatl_, chocolate.]

CHODE, ch[=o]d, an obsolete _pa.t._ of CHIDE.

CHOICE, chois, _n._ act or power of choosing: the thing chosen:

alternative: preference: the preferable or best part.--_adj._ worthy of

being chosen: select: appropriate.--_adjs._ CHOICE'-DRAWN (_Shak._),

selected with care; CHOICE'FUL (_Spens._), making many choices,

fickle.--_adv._ CHOICE'LY, with discrimination or care.--_n._ CHOICE'NESS,

particular value: excellence: nicety.--HOBSON'S CHOICE, the alternative of

a thing offered or nothing, from _Hobson_, a Cambridge carrier and

innkeeper, who insisted on lending out the horse nearest the stable door,

or none at all.--MAKE CHOICE OF, to select; TAKE ONE'S CHOICE, to take what

one wishes. [Fr. _choix_--_choisir_; cf. CHOOSE.]

CHOIR, kw[=i]r, _n._ a chorus or band of singers, esp. those belonging to a

church: the part of a church appropriated to the singers: the part of a

cathedral separated from the nave by a rail or screen.--_v.i._ (_Shak._) to

sing in chorus.--_ns._ CHOIR'-OR'GAN, one of the departments of a cathedral

organ, standing behind the _great-organ_, having its tones less powerful,

and more fitted to accompany the voice; CHOIR'SCREEN, a screen of

lattice-work, separating the choir from the nave, so as to prevent general

access thereto, though not to interrupt either sight or sound.--_adj._

CH[=O]'RAL, belonging to a chorus or choir.--_ns._ CH[=O]RAL', CHORALE', a

simple harmonised composition, with slow rhythm: a tune written for a psalm

or hymn: in R.C. usage, any part of the service sung by the whole

choir.--_adv._ CH[=O]'RALLY, in the manner of a chorus: so as to suit a

choir. [Fr. _choeur_--L. _chorus_--Gr. _choros_.]

CHOKE, ch[=o]k, _v.t._ to throttle: to suffocate: to stop or obstruct: to

suppress.--_v.i._ to be choked or suffocated.--_n._ the action of

choking.--_n._ CHOKE'-BORE, the bore of a gun when narrowed at the muzzle

so as to concentrate the shot: a shot-gun so bored.--_v.t._ to bore in such

a way.--_n._ CHOKE'-CHERR'Y, a name given to certain nearly allied species

of cherry, natives of North America, whose fruit, though at first rather

agreeable, is afterwards astringent in the mouth.--_adj._ CHOKED,

suffocated, clogged.--_n._ CHOKE'DAMP, the carbonic acid gas given off by

coal which accumulates in coal-mines, and may suffocate those exposed to

it.--_adj._ CHOKE'-FULL (see CHOCK-FULL).--_ns._ CHOK'ER, one who chokes: a

neckerchief; CHOK'ING, suffocation.--_adj._ smothering.--_adj._ CHOK'Y,

tending to choke: inclined to choke.--CHOKE OFF, to put an end to, as if by

choking; CHOKE UP, to obstruct completely, to suffocate.--WHITE CHOKER, a

white neckerchief worn by clergymen, &c. [Prob. from sound.]

CHOKY, ch[=o]'ki, _n._ a prison: a toll-station. [Hind.]

CHOLÆMIA, CHOLEMIA, ko-l[=e]'mi-a, _n._ a morbid accumulation of the

constituents of bile in the blood.--_adj._ CHOLÆ'MIC. [Gr. _chol[=e]_,

bile, _haima_, blood.]

CHOLAGOGUE, kol'a-gog, _n._ a purgative causing evacuations of

bile.--_adj._ CHOLAGOG'IC. [Gr. _chol[=e]_, bile, _ag[=o]gos_, leading.]

CHOLER, kol'[.e]r, _n._ the bile: (_Shak._) biliousness: anger,

irascibility.--_adj._ CHOL'ERIC, full of choler: passionate.

[Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _cholera_--_chol[=e]_, bile.]

CHOLERA, kol'[.e]r-a, _n._ a highly infectious and deadly disease

characterised by bilious vomiting and purging.--_adj._

CHOLER[=A]'IC.--BRITISH CHOLERA, an acute catarrhal affection of the mucous

membrane of the stomach and small intestines. [Gr. _cholera_.]

CHOLESTERINE, ko-les'te-rin, _n._ a substance occurring abundantly in bile

and biliary calculi, probably a monovalent alcohol.--_adj._ CHOLESTER'IC.

[Gr. _chol[=e]_, bile, _stereos_, solid.]

CHOLIAMB, k[=o]'li-amb, _n._ a variety of iambic trimeter, having a trochee

for an iambus as the sixth foot.--_adj._ CHOLIAM'BIC. [L.,--Gr.

_ch[=o]liambos_--_ch[=o]los_, lame, _iambos_, iambus.]

CHOLTRY, ch[=o]l'tri, _n._ a khan or caravansary for travellers: a shed

used as a place of assembly.--Also CHOUL'TRY. [Malayalam.]

CHONDRIFY, kon'dri-f[=i], _v.t._ to convert into cartilage.--_v.i._ to be

converted into cartilage.--_n._ CHONDRIFIC[=A]'TION. [Gr. _chondros_,

cartilage.]

CHONDROID, kon'droid, _adj._ cartilaginous.--_ns._ CHON'DRIN, the proper

substance of cartilage; CHONDR[=I]'TIS, inflammation of cartilage;

CHONDROGEN'ESIS, the formation of cartilage.--_adj._

CHONDROGENET'IC.--_ns._ CHONDROG'RAPHY, a description of the cartilages;

CHONDROL'OGY, the knowledge of the cartilages.

CHONDROPTERYGIAN, kon-drop-te-rij'i-an, _adj._ gristly-finned, belonging to

the _Chondropterygii_, a group of fishes variously defined in different

systems. [Gr. _chondros_, cartilage, _pterygion_, dim. of _pteryx_, a

wing.]

CHOOSE, ch[=oo]z, _v.t._ to take one thing in preference to another: to

select.--_v.i._ to will or determine: to think fit:--_pa.t._ ch[=o]se;

_pa.p._ ch[=o]s'en.--_ns._ CHOOS'ER (_Shak._), one who chooses; CHOOS'ING,

choice: selection.--CANNOT CHOOSE, can have no alternative.--NOT MUCH TO

CHOOSE BETWEEN, each about equally bad.--PICK AND CHOOSE, to select with

care. [A.S. _céosan_, Dut. _kiesen_.]

CHOP, chop, _v.t._ to cut with a sudden blow: to cut into small pieces:

(_Milton_) to change: to exchange or barter: (_Milton_) to trade in: to

bandy words.--_v.i._ to change about: to shift suddenly, as the wind.--_n._

a blow: a piece cut off: a slice of mutton or pork, containing a rib: a

change: vicissitude.--_ns._ CHOP'-HOUSE, a house where mutton-chops and

beef-steaks are served: an eating-house; CHOP'PER, one who or that which

chops: a cleaver; CHOP'PING-KNIFE, a knife for chopping or mincing

meat.--_adj._ CHOP'PY, full of chops or cracks: running in irregular

waves--also CHOP'PING.--CHOP AND CHANGE, to buy and sell: to change about;

CHOP AT, to aim a blow at; CHOP IN, to break in, interrupt; CHOP LOGIC, to

dispute in logical terms: to bandy words; CHOP UP, to cut into small

pieces.--A CHOP-LOGIC (_Shak._), a contentious fellow. [A form of CHAP.]

CHOP, chop, _n._ the chap or jaw, generally used in _pl._: a person with

fat cheeks: the mouth of anything, as a cannon.--_adj._ CHOP'-FALL'EN, lit.

having the chop or lower jaw fallen down: cast-down: dejected. [See CHAP

(3).]

CHOP, chop, _n._ in China and India, an official mark or seal: a license or

passport which has been sealed. [Hind. _chh[=a]p_, seal, impression.]

CHOPIN, chop'in, _n._ an old French liquid measure containing nearly an

English imperial pint: a Scotch measure containing about an English quart.

[O. Fr. _chopine_, Old Dut. _schoppe_; Scot. _chappin_, Ger. _schoppen_, a

pint.]

CHOPINE, chop-[=e]n', chop'in, _n._ a high clog or patten introduced into

England from Venice during the reign of Elizabeth. [Sp. _chapin_.]

CHOPPING, chop'ing, _adj._ stout, strapping, plump.

CHOP-STICKS, chop'-stiks, _n.pl._ two small sticks of wood, ivory, &c.,

used by the Chinese instead of knife and fork. [_Chop_, a corr. of _kih_,

quick.]

CHORAGUS, ko-r[=a]'gus, _n._ in Athens, the person appointed to organise

the chorus: the leader of a choir.--_adj._ CHORAG'IC, pertaining to a

choragus.--CHORAGIC MONUMENT, a small temple on which were dedicated the

tripods given in the Dionysian contests to the victorious chorus. [Gr.

_chor[=e]gos_--_choros_, chorus, and _agein_, to lead.]

CHORAL, CHORALE. See CHOIR.

CHORD, kord, _n._ (_mus._) the simultaneous and harmonious union of sounds

of a different pitch.--The COMMON CHORD is a note with its third and

perfect fifth reckoned upwards. [Formed from ACCORD.]

CHORD, kord, _n._ the string of a musical instrument: (_fig._) of the

emotions: (_geom._) a straight line joining the extremities of an arc: a

straight line joining any two points in the curve of a circle, ellipse, &c.

[L. _chorda_--Gr. _chord[=e]_, an intestine.]

CHOREA, ko-r[=e]'a, _n._ St Vitus's dance, a nervous disease causing

irregular and involuntary movements of the limbs or face. [L.,--Gr.

_choreia_, a dancing.]

CHOREE, k[=o]'r[=e], _n._ a trochee.--Also CHOR[=E]'US. [L.,--Gr.]

CHOREOGRAPHY. See CHORUS.

CHOREPISCOPAL, k[=o]-re-pis'ko-pal, _adj._ pertaining to a local or

suffragan bishop. [Gr. _ch[=o]ra_, place.]

CHORIAMB, k[=o]'ri-amb, _n._ a metrical foot of four syllables, the first

and last long, the two others short.--_adj._ and _n._ CHORIAM'BIC. [Gr.

_choriambos_--_choreios_, a trochee, _iambos_, iambus.]

CHORION, k[=o]'ri-on, _n._ the outer foetal envelope: the external membrane

of the seeds of plants:--_pl._ CH[=O]'RIA.--_adj._ CH[=O]'ROID. [Gr.]

CHOROGRAPHY, k[=o]-rog'ra-fi, _n._ the description of the geographical

features of a particular region.--_adjs._ CHOROGRAPH'IC, -AL;

CHOROLOG'ICAL.--_ns._ CHOROL'OGIST; CHOROL'OGY, the science of the

geographical distribution of plants and animals.

CHORUS, k[=o]'rus, _n._ a band of singers and dancers, esp. in the Greek

plays: a company of singers: that which is sung by a chorus: the

combination of several voices in one simultaneous utterance: the part of a

song in which the company join the singer.--_adj._ CHOREOGRAPH'IC.--_ns._

CHOREOG'RAPHY, CHOROG'RAPHY, the notation of dancing.--_adj._

CH[=O]'RIC.--_ns._ CH[=O]'RIST, CHOR'ISTER, a member of a choir. [L.,--Gr.

_choros_, dance.]

CHOSE, CHOSEN. See CHOOSE.

CHOUGH, chuf, _n._ a kind of jackdaw which frequents rocky places on the

seacoast. [A.S. _céo_; from the cry of the bird. See CAW.]

CHOULTRY. See CHOLTRY.

CHOUSE, chows, _n._ (_obs._) a cheat: one easily cheated: a trick.--_v.t._

to cheat, swindle. [Prob. from Turk. _chaush_, a messenger or envoy.]

CHOUT, chowt, _n._ one-fourth part of the revenue extorted by the Mahrattas

as blackmail: blackmail, extortion. [Hind. _chauth_, the fourth part.]

CHOW-CHOW, chow'-chow, _n._ a mixture of food such as the Chinese use, e.g.

preserved pickles.--_adj._ miscellaneous, mixed. [Pigeon-English.]

CHOWDER, chow'd[.e]r, _n._ a dish made of a mixture of fish and biscuits.

[Fr. _chaudière_, a pot.]

CHOWRY, chow'ri, _n._ an instrument used for driving away flies. [Hindi,

_chaunri_.]

CHREMATISTIC, kr[=e]-ma-tis'tik, _adj._ pertaining to finance.--_n._

CHREMATIS'TICS, the science of wealth. [Gr.,--_chr[=e]ma_, a thing.]

CHOY-ROOT. See SHAYA-ROOT.

CHRESTOMATHY, kres-tom'a-thi, _n._ a book of selections from foreign

languages, usually for beginners.--_adjs._ CHRESTOMATH'IC, -AL. [Gr.

_chr[=e]stos_, useful, _mathein_, to know.]

CHRISM, krizm, _n._ consecrated or holy oil: unction: confirmation:

chrisom. (q.v.).--_adj._ CHRIS'MAL, pertaining to chrism.--_n._ a case for

containing chrism: a pyx: a veil used in christening.--_ns._ CHRIS'MATORY,

a vessel for containing chrism; CHRIS'OM, a white cloth laid by the priest

on a child newly anointed with chrism after its baptism: the child

itself.--CHRISOM CHILD (_Shak._), a child still wearing the chrisom cloth:

an innocent child. [O. Fr. _chresme_ (Fr. _chrême_)--Gr. _chrisma_, from

_chriein_, _chrisein_, to anoint.]

CHRIST, kr[=i]st, _n._ the Anointed, the Messiah.--_ns._ CHRIST-CROSS-ROW

(kris'-kros-r[=o]), the alphabet, from the use in horn-books of having a

cross at the beginning; CHR[=I]ST'S-THORN, a kind of prickly shrub common

in Palestine and south of Europe, so called because supposed to have been

the plant from which the crown of thorns was made.--_v.t._ CHRISTEN

(kris'n), to baptise in the name of Christ: to give a name to.--_ns._

CHRIS'TENDOM, that part of the world in which Christianity is the received

religion: the whole body of Christians; CHRIS'TENING, the ceremony of

baptism; CHR[=I]ST'HOOD, the condition of being the Christ or Messiah;

CHRIST'IAN, a follower of Christ: (_coll._) a human being.--_adj._ relating

to Christ or His religion: being in the spirit of Christ.--_v.t._

CHRIST'IANISE, to make Christian: to convert to Christianity.--_ns._

CHRIST'IANISM, CHRISTIAN'ITY, the religion of Christ: the spirit of this

religion.--_adjs._ CHRIST'IAN-LIKE, CHRIST'IANLY.--_ns._ CHRIST'IANNESS,

CHRIST'LINESS.--_adjs._ CHRIST'LESS, CHRIST'LY.--CHRISTIAN ERA, the era

counted from the birth of Christ; CHRISTIAN NAME, the name given when

christened, as distinguished from the surname. [A.S. _crist_--Gr.

_Christos_--and _chriein_, _chrisein_, to anoint.]

CHRISTADELPHIAN, kris-ta-del'fi-an, _n._ a member of a small religious body

holding conditional immortality, denying a personal devil, &c.--sometimes

called _Thomasites_ from Dr John _Thomas_ of Brooklyn (1805-71). [Lit.

'Brethren of Christ,' Gr. _Christos_, Christ, and _adelphos_, brother.]

CHRISTMAS, kris'mas, _n._ an annual festival, originally a mass, in memory

of the birth of Christ, held on the 25th of December.--_ns._

CHRIST'MAS-BOX, a box containing Christmas presents: a Christmas gift;

CHRIST'MAS-CARD, a card, more or less ornamented, sent from friend to

friend at this season; CHRIST'MAS-EVE, the evening before Christmas;

CHRIST'MAS-ROSE, or -FLOW'ER, the _Helleborus niger_, flowering in winter;

CHRIST'MAS-TREE, a tree, usually fir, set up in a room, and loaded with

Christmas presents. [CHRIST and MASS.]

CHRISTOLOGY, kris-tol'o-ji, _n._ that branch of theology which treats of

the nature and person of Christ.--_adj._ CHRISTOLOG'ICAL.--_n._

CHRISTOL'OGIST. [Gr. _Christos_, and _logia_, a discourse.]

CHRISTOM, kris'um, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as CHRISOM, under CHRISM (q.v.).

CHRISTOPHANY, kris-tof'a-ni, _n._ an appearance of Christ to men. [Gr.

_Christos_, and _phainein_, to appear.]

CHROMATIC, kr[=o]-mat'ik, _adj._ relating to colours: coloured: (_mus._)

relating to notes in a melodic progression, which are raised or lowered by

accidentals, without changing the key of the passage, and also to chords in

which such notes occur.--_ns._ CHR[=O]M'ATE, a salt of chromic acid;

CHR[=O]MAT'ICS, the science of colours.--_v.t._ CHR[=O]'MATISE, to

impregnate with a chromate.--_ns._ CHR[=O]MATOG'RAPHY, a treatise on

colours; CHR[=O]MATOL'OGY, the science of colours, or a treatise thereon;

CHR[=O]MAT'OPHORE, one of the pigment-cells in animals: one of the granules

in protoplasm: one of the brightly coloured bead-like bodies in the oral

disc of certain actinias, &c.; CHR[=O]MATOP'SIA, coloured vision;

CHR[=O]'MATROPE, an arrangement in a magic-lantern by which effects like

those of the kaleidoscope are produced; CHR[=O]'MATYPE, CHR[=O]'MOTYPE, a

photographic process by which a coloured impression of a picture is

obtained.--_adj._ relating to the chromatype.--_ns._ CHR[=O]ME,

CHR[=O]'MIUM, a metal remarkable for the beautiful colours of its

compounds.--_adj._ CHR[=O]M'IC.--_ns._ CHR[=O]'MITE, a mineral consisting

of oxide of chromium and iron; CHR[=O]'MO-LITH'OGRAPH, or merely

CHR[=O]'MO, a lithograph printed in colours; CHR[=O]'MOLITHOG'RAPHY;

CHR[=O]'MOSPHERE, a layer of incandescent red gas surrounding the sun

through which the light of the photosphere passes--also CHR[=O]MAT'OSPHERE;

CHR[=O]'MO-TYPOG'RAPHY, typography in colours; CHR[=O]'MO-XY'LOGRAPH, a

picture printed in colours from wooden blocks;

CHR[=O]'MO-XYLOG'RAPHY.--CHROMATIC SCALE, a scale proceeding by semitones;

CHROMIC ACID, an acid of chromium, of an orange-red colour, much used in

dyeing and bleaching. [Gr. _chr[=o]matikos_--_chr[=o]ma_, colour.]

CHRONIC, -AL, kron'ik, -al, _adj._ lasting a long time: of a disease, deep

seated or long continued, as opposed to _acute_.--_n._ CHRON'IC, chronic

invalid. [Gr. _chronikos_--_chronos_, time.]

CHRONICLE, kron'i-kl, _n._ a bare record of events in order of time: a

history: (_pl._) name of two of the Old Testament books: a story,

account.--_v.t._ to record.--_n._ CHRON'ICLER, a historian. [O. Fr.

_chronique_--L.--Gr. _chronika_, annals--_chronos_, time.]

CHRONOGRAM, kron'o-gram, _n._ an inscription in which the time or date of

an event is given by certain of the letters printed larger than the rest.

[Gr. _chronos_, time, _gramma_, a letter--_graphein_, to write.]

CHRONOGRAPH, kron'o-graf, _n._ a chronogram: an instrument for taking exact

measurements of time, or for recording graphically the moment or duration

of an event.--_ns._ CHRONOG'RAPHER, a chronicler; CHRONOG'RAPHY,

chronology. [Gr. _chronos_, time, _graphein_, to write.]

CHRONOLOGY, kron-ol'o-ji, _n._ the science of time.--_ns._ CHRONOL'OGER,

CHRONOL'OGIST.--_adjs._ CHRONOLOG'IC, -AL.--_adv._ CHRONOLOG'ICALLY. [Gr.

_chronos_, time, _logia_, a discourse.]

CHRONOMETER, kron-om'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring time: a

watch.--_adjs._ CHRONOMET'RIC, -AL.--_n._ CHRONOM'ETRY, the art of

measuring time by means of instruments: measurement of time. [Gr.

_chronos_, and _metron_, a measure.]

CHRONOSCOPE, kron'[=o]-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument for measuring very short

intervals of time, esp. with projectiles.

CHRYSALIS, kris'a-lis, CHRYSALID, kris'a-lid, _n._ a term originally

applied to the golden-coloured resting stages in the life-history of many

butterflies, but sometimes extended to all forms of pupæ or nymphs: the

shell whence the insect comes:--_pl._ CHRYSAL'IDES (i-d[=e]z).--_adjs._

CHRYS'ALID, CHRYS'ALINE, CHRYS'ALOID. [Gr. _chrysallis_--_chrysos_, gold.]

CHRYSANTHEMUM, kris-an'the-mum, _n._ a genus of composite plants to which

belong the corn marigold and ox-eye daisy. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold,

_anthemon_, flower.]

CHRYSELEPHANTINE, kris-el-e-fan'tin, _adj._ noting the art of making

statues jointly of gold and ivory. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold, _elephantinos_,

made of ivory--_elephas_, _-antos_, ivory.]

CHRYSOBERYL, kris'o-ber-il, _n._ a mineral of various shades of

greenish-yellow or gold colour. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold, and BERYL.]

CHRYSOCOLLA, kris-[=o]-kol'a, _n._ a silicate of protoxide of copper,

bluish-green. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold, _kolla_, glue.]

CHRYSOCRACY, kri-sok'ra-si, _n._ the rule of wealth. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold,

_kratein_, to rule.]

CHRYSOLITE, kris'[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a yellow or green precious stone. [Gr.

_chrysos_, and _lithos_, a stone.]

CHRYSOPHAN, kris'[=o]-fan, _n._ an orange-coloured bitter substance found

in rhubarb.--_adj._ CHRYSOPHAN'IC. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold, _phan[=e]s_,

appearing.]

CHRYSOPHILITE, kri-sof'i-l[=i]t, _n._ a lover of gold.

CHRYSOPHYLL, kris'[=o]-fil, _n._ the yellow colouring matter in the green

chlorophyl pigment of plants.--Also _Xanthophyl_. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold,

_phyllon_, a leaf.]

CHRYSOPRASE, kris'o-pr[=a]z, _n._ a variety of chalcedony: (_B._) a

yellowish-green stone, nature unknown. [Gr. _chrysos_, and _prason_, a

leek.]

CHRYSOTYPE, kris'o-t[=i]p, _n._ a process of taking pictures by

photography, on paper impregnated with a neutral solution of chloride of

gold. [Gr. _chrysos_, gold, _typos_, impression.]

CHTHONIAN, th[=o]'ni-an, _adj._ pertaining to the under world,

subterranean.--Also CHTHON'IC. [Gr. _chth[=o]n_, the ground.]

CHUB, chub, _n._ a small fat river-fish.--_adjs._ CHUBBED, CHUB'BY, short

and thick, plump; CHUB'-FACED, plump-faced.--_n._ CHUB'BINESS.

CHUBB, chub, _n._ a patent lock invented by _Chubb_, a locksmith in

London--much used for safes, &c.--Also CHUBB'-LOCK.

CHUCK, chuk, _n._ the call of a hen: a chicken (dim. CHUCK'IE): a word of

endearment.--_v.i._ to call, as a hen. [A variety of CLUCK.]

CHUCK, chuk, _n._ a gentle blow, as under the chin: (_coll._) a toss or

throw; any game of pitch and toss.--_v.t._ to pat gently, as under the

chin: to toss: to pitch.--_n._ CHUCK'-FAR'THING, a game in which a farthing

is chucked into a hole. [Fr. _choquer_, to jolt; allied to SHOCK.]

CHUCK, chuk, _n._ a pebble or small stone: a game with such stones, often

called CHUCK'IES: an instrument for holding an object so that it can be

rotated, as upon the mandrel of a lathe. [Der. uncertain; cf. It. _cioco_,

a block, stump.]

CHUCK-FULL. Same as CHOCK-FULL (q.v. under CHOCK).

CHUCKLE, chuk'l, _n._ a kind of laugh: the cry of a hen.--_v.t._ to call,

as a hen does her chickens: to caress.--_v.i._ to laugh in a quiet,

suppressed manner, indicating derision or enjoyment.--_n._ CHUCK'LING.

[Akin to CHUCK, to call.]

CHUCKLE, chuk'l, _adj._ clumsy.--_n._ CHUCK'LE-HEAD, a loutish fellow.

[Prob. CHOCK, a log.]

CHUFF, chuf, _n._ a clown: a surly fellow.--_n._ CHUF'FINESS,

boorishness.--_adj._ CHUF'FY, coarse and surly. [M. E. _chuffe_, _choffe_,

a boor (origin unknown), conn. with Scotch _coof_, akin to Ice. _kueif_.]

CHUM, chum, _n._ a chamber-fellow: friend or associate, chiefly among

schoolboys and students.--_v.i._ and _v.t._ to occupy, or to put one into,

the same room with another.--_n._ CHUM'MAGE, the quartering of two or more

persons in one room: a fee demanded from a new chum.--_adj._ CHUM'MY,

sociable.--_n._ a chimney-sweeper's boy: a chum. [Perh. a mutilation of

CHAMBER-FELLOW.]

CHUMP, chump, an end lump of wood: a blockhead: the head.--OFF HIS

CHUMP--out of his mind.

CHUNK, chungk, _n._ a thick piece of anything, as wood, bread, &c. [Perh.

related to CHUCK.]

CHURCH, church, _n._ a house set apart for Christian worship: the whole

body of Christians: the clergy: any particular sect or denomination of

Christians: any body professing a common creed, not necessarily

Christian.--_v.t._ to perform with any one the giving of thanks in church,

more esp. of a woman after childbirth, or of a newly-married couple on

first appearing at church after marriage.--_ns._ CHURCH'-ALE, a strong ale

brewed for a church festival: the festival at which the ale was drunk;

CHURCH'-BENCH (_Shak._), a seat in the porch of a church; CHURCH'-COURT, a

court for deciding ecclesiastical causes, a presbytery, synod, or general

assembly; CHURCH'-G[=O]'ING, the act of going to church, esp. habitually;

CHURCH'ING, the first appearance of a woman in church after childbirth;

CHURCH'ISM, adherence to the forms or principles of some church.--_adj._

CHURCH'LESS, not belonging to a church: (_Tennyson_) without church

approval.--_ns._ CHURCH'MAN, a clergyman or ecclesiastic: a member or

upholder of the established church; CHURCH'-RATE, an assessment for the

sustentation of the fabric, &c., of the parish church; CHURCH'-SERV'ICE,

the form of religious service followed in a church, order of public

worship, a book containing such; CHURCH'-TEXT, a thin and tall form of

black-letter print; CHURCHWAR'DEN, an officer who represents the interests

of a parish or church: a long clay-pipe; CHURCH'WAY, the public way or road

that leads to the church; CHURCH'WOMAN, a female member of the Anglican

Church.--_adj._ CHURCH'Y, obtrusively devoted to the church.--_n._

CHURCH'YARD, the burial-ground round a church.--CHURCH HISTORY, the

description of the course of development through which the church as a

whole, as well as its special departments and various institutions, has

passed, from the time of its foundation down to our own day; CHURCH

MILITANT, the church on earth in its struggle against evil; CHURCH

TRIUMPHANT, the portion of the church which has overcome and left this

world.--VISIBLE and INVISIBLE CHURCH (see VISIBLE). [A.S. _circe_ (Scot,

_kirk_; Ger. _kirche_)--Gr. _kyriakon_, belonging to the Lord--_Kyrios_,

the Lord.]

CHURL, churl, _n._ a rustic, labourer: an ill-bred, surly fellow.--_adj._

CHURL'ISH, rude: surly: ill-bred.--_adv._ CHURL'ISHLY.--_n._ CHURL'ISHNESS.

[A.S. _ceorl_, a countryman; Ice. _karl_, Ger. _kerl_, a man; Scot.

_carl_.]

CHURN, churn, _n._ a machine used for the production of butter from cream

or from whole milk.--_v.t._ to agitate cream so as to obtain

butter.--_v.i._ to perform the act of churning.--_ns._ CHURN'-DRILL, a

drill worked by hand, not struck with the hammer, a jumper; CHURN'ING, the

act of making butter: the quantity of butter made at once; CHURN'-STAFF,

the plunger used in an upright churn: the sun-spurge. [A.S. _cyrin_; Ice.

_kirna_, a churn; Dut. and Ger. _kernen_, to churn.]

CHURR, ch[.e]r, _n._ a low sound made by certain birds.--_v.i._ to make

this sound. [Prob. imit.]

CHURRUS, chur'us, _n._ the resinous exudation of _Cannabis indica_, which,

in its milder preparations, known as _bhang_, &c., is used as a narcotic

and intoxicant. [Hind. _charas_.]

CHUSE, ch[=oo]z, _v.t._ a form of CHOOSE.

CHUT, chut, _interj._ an expression of impatience.

CHUTE, sh[=oo]t, _n._ a waterfall, rapid: a channel down which to pass

water, logs, rubbish, &c. [Fr. _chute_, a fall.]

CHUTNEE, CHUTNY, chut'ne, _n._ an East Indian condiment, a compound of

mangoes, chillies, or capsicum, and lime-juice, &c. [Hind. _chatni_.]

CHYLE, k[=i]l, _n._ a white fluid drawn from the food while in the

intestines.--_adjs._ CHYL[=A]'CEOUS, CHYLIF'IC, CHYL'OUS; CHYLIFAC'TIVE,

having the power to make chyle.--_n._ CHYLIFIC[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ and _v.i._

CHYL'IFY, to convert, or be converted, into chyle.--_n._ CHYL[=U]'RIA, a

discharge of milky urine. [Fr.,--Gr. _chylos_, juice--_cheein_, to pour.]

CHYME, k[=i]m, _n._ the pulp to which the food is reduced in the

stomach.--_n._ CHYMIFIC[=A]'TION, the act of being formed into

chyme.--_v.t._ CHYM'IFY, to form into chyme.--_adj._ CHYM'OUS. [Gr.

_chymos_, from _cheein_.]

CHYMICAL, CHYMISTRY, obsolete forms of CHEMICAL, CHEMISTRY.

CHYND, ch[=i]nd, _p.adj._ (_Spens._) cut into chines.

CIBOL, sib'ol, _n._ a variety of onion. [Fr. _ciboule_ (Sp. _cebolla_)--Low

L. _cepola_, dim. of L. _cepa_, an onion.]

CIBORIUM, si-b[=o]'ri-um, _n._ (_R.C. Church_) a vessel nearly resembling a

chalice, with an arched cover, in which the Host is deposited: a canopy

supported on four pillars over the high altar:--_pl._ CIB[=O]'RIA. [L., a

drinking-cup--Gr. _kib[=o]rion_, the seed-vessel of the Egyptian bean.]

CICADA, si-k[=a]'da, CICALA, si-k[=a]'la, _n._ an insect remarkable for its

chirping sound. [L. _cicada_.]

CICATRIX, sik-[=a]'triks, or sik'a-triks, _n._ the scar over a wound after

it is healed--also CIC'ATRICE: scar in the bark of a tree: (_Shak._) mark,

impression.--_ns._ CICATRIC'ULA, the germinating point in the yolk of an

egg; CICATRIS[=A]'TION, the process of healing over.--_v.t._ CIC'ATRISE, to

help the formation of a cicatrix on a wound or ulcer: to scar.--_v.i._ to

heal. [Fr.,--L. _cicatrix_, a scar.]

CICELY, sis'e-li, _n._ a genus of umbelliferous plants nearly allied to

chervil. [L. and Gr. _seseli_.]

CICERONE, chich-er-[=o]'ni, or sis-e-r[=o]'ne, _n._ one who shows strangers

the curiosities of a place: a guide.--_v.i._ to act as cicerone.--_adjs._

CICER[=O]'NIAN, CICERON'IC.--_ns._ CICER[=O]'NIANISM, the character of

Cicero's Latin style; CICERON'ISM, CICERON'AGE, CICERONE'SHIP, the function

of a guide. [It.,--L. _Cicero_, the Roman orator.]

CICISBEO, ch[=e]-ch[=e]s-b[=a]'o, _n._ a married woman's gallant or

_cavaliere servente_ in Italy:--_pl._ CICISBE'I.--_n._ CICISB[=E]'ISM.

[It.]

CICLATOUN. See CHECKLATON.

CICUTA, si-k[=u]'ta, _n._ a genus of umbelliferous plants with poisonous

roots--_water-hemlock_ or _cowbane_. [L., hemlock.]

CID, sid, _n._ a chief, captain, a hero, from the famous 11th-cent.

Castilian warrior against the Moors, styled _el Cid Campeador_, whose real

name was Rodrigo, or Ruy, Diaz (i.e. 'son of Diego'). The name _Cid_ is the

Ar. _seid_, _seiyid_, lord.

CIDER, s[=i]'d[.e]r, _n._ a drink made from apples.--_ns._ C[=I]'DER-AND, a

mixture of cider and other spirits; C[=I]'DER-CUP, a drink of sweetened

cider, with other ingredients; C[=I]'DERKIN, an inferior cider. [Fr.

_cidre_--L.,--Gr. _sikera_, strong drink--Heb. _shakar_, to be

intoxicated.]

CI-DEVANT, s[=e]-de-vong', _adj._ former. [Fr.]

CIEL. See CEIL.

CIERGE. See CERGE.

CIGAR, si-gär', _n._ a roll of tobacco-leaves for smoking.--_n._

CIGARETTE', a little cigar made of finely-cut tobacco rolled in thin paper.

[Sp. _cigarro_.]

CILIA, sil'i-a, _n.pl._ hair-like lashes borne by cells.--_adjs._ CIL'IARY,

CIL'I[=A]TE, CIL'I[=A]TED, CILIF'EROUS, having cilia; CIL'I[=I]FORM, very

thin and slender like cilia. [L. _cilium_, pl. _cilia_, eyelids,

eyelashes.]

CILICE, sil'is, _n._ hair-cloth: a penitential garment made of

hair-cloth.--_adj._ CILIC'IOUS. [L.,--Gr. _kilikion_, a cloth made of

Cilician goat's hair.]

CIMAR. Same as SIMAR.

CIMBRIC, sim'brik, _adj._ pertaining to the ancient _Cimbri_, a people from

central and northern Europe, crushed by Marius, 101 B.C.--Also CIM'BRIAN.

[Sometimes made Celtic by a desperate analogy with the name _Cymry_.]

CIMEX, si-meks', _n._ a bug.--_adjs._ CIMIC'IC, CIMIC'IOUS.--_n._

CIMICIF'UGA, the genus of bugworts or bugbanes, natural order

_Ranunculaceæ_. [L. _cimex_.]

CIMIER, s[=e]-my[=a]', _n._ the crest of a helmet. [Fr.]

CIMMERIAN, sim-[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ relating to the _Cimmerii_, a tribe

fabled to have lived in perpetual darkness: extremely dark.

CIMOLITE, sim'[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a species of clay, or hydrous silicate of

aluminium, used as fuller's earth. [Gr. _kim[=o]lia_, prob. from

_Kim[=o]los_, an island of the Cyclades.]

CINCH, sinch, _n._ a saddle-girth.--_v.i._ to tighten the cinch. [Sp.

_cincha_--L. _cingula_.]

CINCHONA, sin-k[=o]'na, _n._ a genus of trees, yielding the bark so much

valued in medicine, from which the most important alkaloids, quinine and

its congeners, are obtained--also called _Peruvian bark_.--_adjs._

CINCHON[=A]'CEOUS, CINCHON'IC.--_n._ CIN'CHONINE, an alkaloid obtained from

the bark of several species of cinchona.--_adj._ CINCHONIN'IC.--_n._

CINCHONIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ CIN'CHONISE, to bring under the influence of

cinchona or quinine.--_n._ CIN'CHONISM, a morbid state due to overdoses of

cinchona or quinine. [Said to be so named from the Countess of _Chinchon_,

who was cured of a fever by it in 1638.]

CINCTURE, singk't[=u]r, _n._ a girdle or belt: a moulding round a

column.--_v.t._ to gird, encompass.--_adjs._ CINCT, surrounded; CINC'TURED,

having a cincture. [L. _cinctura_--_cing[)e]re_, _cinctum_, to gird.]

CINDER, sin'd[.e]r, _n._ the refuse of burned coals: anything charred by

fire: (_slang_) some strong stimulant put in tea, soda-water, &c.--_ns._

CINDEREL'LA, a scullery-maid; CINDEREL'LA-DANCE, an early dancing-party

ending at midnight--from the nursery tale.--_adj._ CIN'DERY. [A.S.

_sinder_, scoriæ, slag.]

CINEMATOGRAPH. See KINEMATOGRAPH.

CINENCHYMA, si-neng'ki-ma, _n._ laticiferous tissue, consisting of

irregularly branching and anastomosing vessels.--_adj._ CINENCHYM'ATOUS.

[Gr. _kinein_, to move, _engchyma_, infusion.]

CINERARIA, sin-e-r[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of plants, with flowers of

various colours, chiefly belonging to South Africa, but also grown in

greenhouses in Britain and elsewhere. [L. _cinerarius_--_cinis_, _cineris_,

ashes.]

CINERARY, sin'e-ra-ri, _adj._ pertaining to ashes.--_ns._ CINER[=A]'TION;

CINER[=A]T'OR; CIN[=E]'REA, gray or cellular, as distinguished from white

or fibrous, nerve tissue.--_adjs._ CIN[=E]'REAL; CIN[=E]'REOUS, ashy-gray;

CINERES'CENT, becoming ashy-gray; CINERI'TIOUS, ashy-gray: pertaining to

gray nerve tissue. [L. _cinereus_, ashy--_cinis_, _cineris_, ashes.]

CINGALESE, sing'ga-l[=e]z, _n._ a native of Ceylon.--_adj._ belonging to

Ceylon.

CINGULUM, sing'g[=u]-lum, _n._ the girdle of an alb. [L.--_cing[)e]re_, to

gird.]

CINNABAR, sin'a-bar, _n._ sulphuret of mercury, called vermilion when used

as a pigment.--_adj._ vermilion-coloured.--_adjs._ CINNABAR'IC,

CINN'ABARINE. [L.,--Gr. _kinnabari_, a dye, from Persian.]

CINNAMON, sin'a-mon, _n._ the spicy bark of a laurel in Ceylon: the

tree.--_adj._ cinnamon-coloured.--_adjs._ CINNAM'IC, CINNAMON'IC, obtained

from, or consisting of, cinnamon.--_n._ CINN'AMON-STONE, a kind of stone

found in Ceylon, of a cinnamon or reddish-brown colour, sometimes cut for

jewellery. [L. _cinnamomum_--Heb. _kinnamon_.]

[Illustration]

CINQUE, singk, _n._ the number five as on dice.--_ns._ CINQUE'-CEN'TO (It.,

'five hundred'), a phrase sometimes applied, in treating of architecture

and art, to the Renaissance period, which began about 1500; CINQUE'-FOIL

(_her._), a common bearing representing a flower with five petals borne

full-faced and without a stalk: (_bot._) species of plants of the genus

_Potentilla_: the five-bladed clover; CINQUE'-PACE (_Shak._), a kind of

dance, the pace or movement of which is characterised by five

beats.--_n.pl._ CINQUE'-PORTS, the five ancient ports on the south of

England lying opposite to France--Sandwich, Dover, Hythe, Romney, and

Hastings.--_adj._ CINQUE'-SPOT'TED (_Shak._), having five spots. [Fr.]

CIPHER, s[=i]'f[.e]r, _n._ (_arith._) the character 0: any of the nine

figures: anything of little value, whether persons or things: a nonentity:

an interweaving of the initials of a name: a secret kind of

writing.--_v.i._ to work at arithmetic: to write in cipher: of an

organ-pipe, to sound independent of the organ: (_Shak._) to

decipher.--_ns._ C[=I]'PHERING; C[=I]'PHER-KEY, a key to a cipher or piece

of secret writing. [O. Fr. _cifre_, Fr. _chiffre_--Ar. _sifr_, empty.]

CIPOLIN, sip'[=o]-lin, _n._ a granular limestone containing mica.--Also

CIPOLLINO (ch[=e]-pol-l[=e]'n[=o]). [It.,--_cipolla_, an onion.]

CIPPUS, sip'us, _n._ the stocks: a monumental pillar. [L. _cippus_, a

post.]

CIRCA, sir'ka, _prep._ and _adv._ about, around. [L.]

CIRCASSIAN, s[.e]r-kash'yan, _adj._ belonging to _Circassia_, a district of

Russia, on the north of Mount Caucasus: a kind of light cashmere of silk

and mohair--generally CIRCASSIENNE' (Fr. _fem._).

CIRCEAN, s[.e]r-s[=e]'an, _adj._ relating to the beautiful sorceress

_Circe_, who transformed the companions of Ulysses into swine by a magic

beverage: infatuating and degrading.--Also CIRCÆ'AN.

CIRCENSIAN, sir-sen'shi-an, _adj._ relating to the CIRCUS Maximus in Rome,

where the games and contests were held.--Also CIRCEN'SIAL (_obs._). [L.

_circensis_--_circus_.]

CIRCLE, s[.e]r'kl, _n._ a plane figure bounded by one line every point of

which is equally distant from a certain point called the centre: the line

which bounds the figure: a ring: a planet's orbit: a series ending where it

began: a figure in magic; a company surrounding the principal person: those

of a certain class or society.--_v.t._ to move round: to encompass.--_v.i._

to move in a circle: to stand in a circle.--_adjs._ CIR'CINATE; CIR'CLED,

circular: encircled.--_ns._ CIR'CLER; CIR'CLET; CIR'CLING, motion in a

circle: a revolution.--DRESS' CIR'CLE (see DRESS); FAIR'Y-CIR'CLE, -RING

(see FAIRY).--REASONING IN A CIRCLE, assuming what is to be proved as the

basis of the argument. [A.S. _circul_--L. _circulus_, dim. of _circus_;

allied to A.S. _hring_, a ring.]

CIRCUIT, s[.e]r'kit, _n._ the act of moving round: area, extent: a round

made in the exercise of a calling, esp. the round made by the judges for

holding the courts of law: the judges making the round: (_Shak._)

diadem.--_v.t._ to go round.--_n._ CIRCUITEER', a judge: one who goes on a

circuit.--_adj._ CIRC[=U]'ITOUS, round about.--_adv._

CIRC[=U]'ITOUSLY.--_n._ CIRC[=U]'ITY, motion in a circle: an indirect

course.--MAKE A CIRCUIT, to go round. [Fr.,--L. _circuitus_--_circu[=i]re_,

_circum_, round, _[=i]re_, to go.]

CIRCULAR, s[.e]r'k[=u]-lar, _adj._ round: ending in itself: addressed to a

circle of persons.--_n._ a note sent round to a circle or number of

persons.--_n._ CIRCULAR'ITY.--_adv._ CIR'CULARLY.--CIRCULAR NOTES,

bank-notes issued for the convenience of travellers, being a kind of bill

personal to the bearer, who is given also a corresponding 'letter of

indication' addressed to foreign bankers.

CIRCULATE, s[.e]r'k[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to make to go round as in a circle:

to spread: to repeat (of decimals).--_v.i._ to move round: to be spread

about.--_adj._ CIR'CULABLE, capable of being circulated.--_ns._ CIR'CULANT;

CIRCUL[=A]'TION, the act of moving in a circle: the movement of the blood:

the sale of a periodical: the publication of a report or of a book: the

money in use at any time in a country.--_adjs._ CIR'CULATIVE, CIR'CULATORY,

circulating.--_n._ CIR'CULATOR.--CIRCULATING LIBRARY, one where books are

circulated among subscribers. [L. _circul[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_.]

CIRCUMAMBAGES, s[.e]r-kum-am'baj-ez, _n.pl._ roundabout ways of

speech.--_adj._ CIRCUMAMB[=A]'GIOUS, roundabout in speech.--_ns._

CIRCUMAM'BIENCE, CIRCUMAM'BIENCY.--_adj._ CIRCUMAM'BIENT, going round

about.--_n._ CIRCUMBEN'DIBUS, a roundabout method or course: a

circumlocution. [L. _circum_, about, _amb[=i]re_, to go round.]

CIRCUMAMBULATE, s[.e]r-kum-am'b[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.i._ to walk round

about.--_n._ CIRCUMAMBUL[=A]'TION. [L. _ambul[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to walk.]

CIRCUMCISE, s[.e]r'kum-s[=i]z, _v.t._ to cut off the foreskin according to

the Jewish law: (_fig._) to purify.--_p.adj._ CIR'CUMCISED, that has

undergone circumcision: purified, chastened.--_ns._ CIR'CUMCISER, one who

circumcises; CIRCUMCI'SION, the act of circumcising. [L. _circumcid[)e]re_,

_circumcisum_--_cæd[)e]re_, to cut.]

CIRCUMDENUDATION, s[.e]r-kum-de-n[=u]d-[=a]'shun, _n._ (_geol._) denudation

or erosion round an elevated tract left isolated.

CIRCUMDUCT, s[.e]r'kum-dukt, _v.t._ to lead around or about, to revolve

round an imaginary axis so as to describe a cone: (_Scots law_) to close a

case to further proof.--_n._ CIRCUMDUC'TION.--_adj._ CIRCUMDUCT'ORY. [L.

_circum_, about, _duc[)e]re_, _ductum_, to lead.]

CIRCUMFERENCE, s[.e]r-kum'f[.e]r-ens, _n._ the boundary-line of any round

body, esp. of a circle: the line surrounding anything: area: compass:

distance round.--_adj._ CIRCUMFEREN'TIAL--_n._ CIRCUMFERENT'OR, an

instrument used by surveyors and miners for measuring horizontal angles,

consisting of a graduated circle, an index, and a magnetic needle suspended

over the centre of a circle--now superseded by the _Theodolite_. [L.

_circum_, about, _ferre_, to carry.]

CIRCUMFLECT, s[.e]r'kum-flekt, _v.t._ to mark with a circumflex.--_ns._

CIR'CUMFLEX, an accent (^) denoting a rising and falling of the voice on a

vowel or syllable; CIRCUMFLEX'ION, a bending round. [L. _flect[)e]re_,

_flexum_, to bend.]

CIRCUMFLUENCE, s[.e]r-kum'fl[=oo]-ens, _n._ a flowing round.--_adj._

CIRCUM'FLUENT, flowing round. [L. _flu[)e]re_, to flow.]

CIRCUMFORANEOUS, s[.e]r-kum-f[=o]-r[=a]'ne-us, _adj._ wandering about as

from market to market, vagrant.--Also CIRCUMFORA'NEAN. [L., _circum_,

about, _forum_, the forum, market-place.]

CIRCUMFUSE, s[.e]r-kum-f[=u]z', _v.t._ to pour around.--_p.adj._

CIRCUMFUSED'.--_adj._ CIRCUMFUS'ILE, molten.--_n._ CIRCUMF[=U]'SION. [L.

_fund[)e]re_, _fusum_, to pour.]

CIRCUMGYRATE, s[.e]r-kum-j[=i]'r[=a]t, _v.i._ to go round and round.--_n._

CIRCUMGYR[=A]'TION.--_adj._ CIRCUMGY'RATORY. [L. _gyr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_,

to turn.]

CIRCUMJACENT, s[.e]r-kum-j[=a]'sent, _adj._ lying round: bordering on every

side.--_n._ CIRCUMJA'CENCY. [L. _jacens_, lying--_jac[=e]re_, to lie.]

CIRCUMLITTORAL, s[.e]r-kum-lit'[=o]-ral, _adj._ adjacent to the shore-line.

[L. _circum_, about, _litus_, _litoris_, the shore.]

CIRCUMLOCUTION, s[.e]r-kum-l[=o]-k[=u]'shun, _n._ roundabout speaking: a

manner of expression in which many unnecessary words are used.--_v.i._

CIR'CUMLOCUTE, to use circumlocution.--_n._ CIRCUMLOC[=U]'TIONIST, one who

practises circumlocution.--_adj._ CIRCUMLOC'UTORY.--CIRCUMLOCUTION OFFICE,

a name given by Dickens in _Little Dorrit_ to the government offices, owing

to their dilatoriness in attending to business. [L. _loqui_, _locutus_, to

speak.]

CIRCUMMURE, s[.e]r-kum-m[=u]r', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to wall round. [L.

_murus_, a wall.]

CIRCUMNAVIGATE, s[.e]r-kum-nav'i-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to sail round.--_adj._

CIRCUMNAV'IGABLE, capable of being circumnavigated.--_ns._

CIRCUMNAVIG[=A]'TION; CIRCUMNAV'IGATOR, one who sails round. [See

NAVIGATE.]

CIRCUMNUTATION, s[.e]r-kum-n[=u]-t[=a]'shun, _n._ a nodding or turning

successively towards all points of the compass, as in the tendrils of

plants.--_v.i._ CIRCUMN[=U]'TATE.--_adj._ CIRCUMN[=U]'TATORY. [L. _circum_,

about, _nut[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to nod.]

CIRCUMPOLAR, s[.e]r-kum-p[=o]'lar, _adj._ situated round the pole. [See

POLAR.]

CIRCUMPOSE, s[.e]r'kum-p[=o]z, _v.t._ to place round.--_n._

CIRCUMPOSI'TION, the act of placing round. [See POSITION.]

CIRCUMSCRIBE, s[.e]r-kum-skr[=i]b', _v.t._ to draw a line round: to enclose

within certain limits, to curtail, abridge.--_adj._ CIRCUMSCRIB'ABLE, able

to be circumscribed.--_ns._ CIRCUMSCRIB'ER, one who circumscribes;

CIRCUMSCRIP'TION, limitation: the line that limits: a circumscribed

place.--_adj._ CIRCUMSCRIP'TIVE, marking the external form or outline. [L.

_scrib[)e]re_, to write.]

CIRCUMSPECT, s[.e]r'kum-spekt, _adj._ looking round on all sides

watchfully: cautious: prudent.--_n._ CIRCUMSPEC'TION, watchfulness:

caution: examining.--_adj._ CIRCUMSPEC'TIVE, looking around: wary.--_adv._

CIR'CUMSPECTLY.--_n._ CIR'CUMSPECTNESS. [L. _spec[)e]re_, _spectum_, to

look.]

CIRCUMSTANCE, s[.e]r'kum-stans, _n._ the logical surroundings of an action:

an accident or event: ceremony: detail: (_pl._) the state of one's

affairs.--_v.t._ to place in particular circumstances:--_pa.p._

CIR'CUMSTANCED.--_adj._ CIRCUMSTAN'TIAL, consisting of details:

minute.--_n._ CIRCUMSTANTIAL'ITY, the quality of being circumstantial:

minuteness in details: a detail.--_adv._ CIRCUMSTAN'TIALLY.--_n.pl._

CIRCUMSTAN'TIALS, incidentals: details.--_v.t._ CIRCUMSTAN'TIATE, to prove

by circumstances: to describe exactly.--CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE, evidence

which is not positive nor direct, but which is gathered inferentially from

the circumstances in the case.--IN GOOD or BAD CIRCUMSTANCES, prosperous or

unprosperous; IN, UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCES, owing to certain conditions. [L.

_stans_, _stantis_, standing--_st[=a]re_, to stand.]

CIRCUMVALLATE, s[.e]r-kum'val-[=a]t, _v.t._ to surround with a

rampart.--_n._ CIRCUMVALL[=A]'TION, a surrounding with a wall: a wall or

fortification surrounding a town or fort. [L. _vallum_, rampart.]

CIRCUMVENT, s[.e]r-kum-vent', _v.t._ to come round or outwit a person: to

deceive or cheat.--_n._ CIRCUMVEN'TION.--_adj._ CIRCUMVENT'IVE, deceiving

by artifices. [L. _ven[=i]re_, to come.]

CIRCUMVOLVE, s[.e]r-kum-volv', _v.t._ to roll round.--_v.i._ to

revolve:--_pr.p._ circumvolv'ing; _pa.p._ circumvolved'.--_n._

CIRCUMVOL[=U]'TION, a turning or rolling round: anything winding or

sinuous. [L. _volv[)e]re_, _volutum_, to roll.]

CIRCUS, s[.e]r'kus, _n._ a circular building for the exhibition of games: a

place for the exhibition of feats of horsemanship: a group of houses

arranged in the form of a circle: applied to nature, as, e.g., high hills

surrounding a plain.--_n._ CIRQUE (s[.e]rk), a circus: a ring of some sort.

[L. _circus_; cog. with Gr. _kirkos_.]

CIRRHOPOD, CIRRHOPODA, older forms of CIRRIPED, CIRRIPEDA.

CIRRIPEDA, sir-rip'e-da, CIRRIPEDIA, sir-rip-[=e]'di-a, _n._ a degenerate

sub-class of Crustacea, including the numerous forms of _Barnacles_ and

_Acorn-shells_.--_n._ CIR'RIPED, one of the Cirripeda. [L. _cirrus_, a tuft

of hair, and _pes_, a foot.]

CIRRUS, sir'us, _n._ the highest form of clouds consisting of curling

fibres: (_bot._) a tendril: (_zool._) any curled filament:--_pl._ CIRRI

(sir'[=i]).--_adjs._ CIRR'ATE, CIRR'IFORM, like a cirrus; CIRR'IGRADE,

moving by cirri.--_n._ CIRR'O-C[=U]'MULUS, a fleecy cloud intermediate

between the cirrus and cumulus.--_adj._ CIRR'OSE, with tendrils.--_n._

CIRR'O-STR[=A]'TUS, a mottled-looking cloud intermediate between the cirrus

and stratus.--_adj._ CIRR'OUS, having a cirrus. [L.]

CISALPINE, sis-alp'in, _adj._ on this side--i.e. on the Roman side--of the

Alps.--So CISATLAN'TIC; CISLEITH'AN, on this side the Leitha, which

separates the archduchy of Austria and Hungary; CISMON'TANE, on this side

the mountains--opp. to _Ultramontane_; CIS'PADANE, on this side the Po;

CISPON'TINE, on this side of the bridges, viz. in London, north of the

Thames. [L. _cis_, on this side.]

CISELURE, s[=e]z'l[=u]r, _n._ the art or operation of chasing, the chasing

upon a piece of metal-work.--_n._ CIS'ELEUR, a chaser. [Fr.]

CISSOID, sis'soid, _n._ a plane curve consisting of two infinite branches

symmetrically placed with reference to the diameter of a circle, so that at

one of its extremities they form a Cusp (q.v.), while the tangent to the

circle at the other extremity is their common asymptote. [Gr.

_kissoeid[=e]s_.]

CIST, sist, _n._ a tomb consisting of a stone chest covered with stone

slabs.--_adjs._ CIST'ED, containing cists; CIST'IC, like a cist. [See

CHEST.]

CISTELLA, sis-tel'a, _n._ the capsular shield of some lichens. [L., dim. of

_cista_, a box.]

CISTERCIAN, sis-ter'shan, _n._ one of the order of monks established in

1098 in the forest of Citeaux (_Cistercium_), in France--an offshoot of the

Benedictines.

CISTERN, sis't[.e]rn, _n._ any receptacle for holding water or other

liquid: a reservoir: in a steam-engine, the vessel surrounding the

condenser. [L. _cisterna_, from _cista_, a chest.]

CISTUS, sis'tus, _n._ Rock-rose, a genus of exogenous shrubby plants,

cultivated for the beauty of their flowers:--_pl._ CIS'TUSES (-[=e]z) and

CIS'TI ('t[=i]). [Low L., from Gr. _kistos_, the rock-rose.]

CISTVAEN. See KISTVAEN.

CIT, sit, _n._ shortened from citizen, and used as a term of

contempt:--_fem._ CIT'ESS (_Dryden_). [See CITIZEN.]

CITADEL, sit'a-del, _n._ a fortress in or near a city: the place where the

guns are kept in an ironclad man-of-war. [It. _cittadella_, dim. of

_città_, a city. See CITY.]

CITE, s[=i]t, _v.t._ to call or summon: to summon to answer in court: to

quote: to name: to adduce as proof.--_adj._ CIT'ABLE, that can be

cited.--_ns._ CIT'AL, summons to appear: (_Shak._) accusation, reproof;

CIT[=A]'TION, an official summons to appear: the document containing the

summons: the act of quoting: the passage or name quoted; CIT[=A]'TOR, one

who cites.--_adj._ CIT'[=A]TORY, having to do with citation, addicted to

citation. [L. _cit[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to call, inten. of _ci[=e]re_,

_c[=i]re_, to make to go.]

CITHARA, sith'a-ra, _n._ an ancient musical instrument closely resembling

the guitar.--_n._ CITH'ARIST, a player on it.--_adj._ CITHARIST'IC.--_ns._

CITH'ER, CITH'ERN, CIT'TERN, a metal-stringed musical instrument, played

with a plectrum. [L.,--Gr. _kithara_. A doublet of GUITAR.]

CITIGRADE, sit'i-gr[=a]d, _adj._ moving quickly: applied to a tribe of

spiders of remarkably quick motions. [L. _citus_, quick, _gradus_, a step.]

CITIZEN, sit'i-zen, _n._ an inhabitant of a city: a member of a state: a

townsman: a freeman:--_fem._ CIT'IZENESS.--_adj._ (_Shak._) like a

citizen.--_v.t._ CIT'IZENISE, to make a citizen of.--_ns._ CIT'IZENRY, the

general body of citizens; CIT'IZENSHIP, the rights of a citizen. [M. E.

_citesein_--O. Fr. _citeain_. See CITY.]

CITOLE, sit'[=o]l, _n._ a small dulcimer used in medieval times. [O.

Fr.,--L. _cithara_.]

CITRON, sit'run, _n._ the fruit of the citron-tree, resembling a

lemon.--_n._ CIT'RATE, a salt of citric acid.--_adjs._ CIT'REOUS, citrine;

CIT'RIC, derived from the citron; CIT'RINE, dark and greenish yellow, like

a citron or lemon.--_n._ citrine colour: a rock crystal of this

colour.--_ns._ CIT'RON-WOOD, CIT'RUS-WOOD, the most costly furniture-wood

of the ancient Romans.--CITRIC ACID, the acid to which lemon and lime juice

owe their sourness. [Fr.,--L. _citrus_--Gr. _kitron_, a citron.]

CITTERN. Same as CITHER (q.v. under CITHARA).

CITY, sit'i, _n._ a large town: a town with a corporation.--_n.pl._

CIT'Y-COMMIS'SIONERS, officials who attend to the drainage, &c.--_n._

CIT'Y-MIS'SION, a mission for evangelising the poor classes in the large

cities.--_adj._ CIV'IC, pertaining to a city or citizen.--CITY OF GOD,

HEAVENLY CITY, &c., the ideal of the Church of Christ in glory; CITY OF

REFUGE, by the Jewish law a city where the perpetrator of an accidental

murder might flee for refuge.--ETERNAL CITY, Rome; HOLY CITY,

Jerusalem.--THE CITY, THE CITY OF LONDON, that part of London where

business is principally carried on. [Fr. _cité_, a city--L. _civitas_, the

state--_civis_, a citizen.]

CIVE, s[=i]v, _n._ See CHIVE.

CIVET, siv'et, _n._ a perfume obtained from the civet or CIV'ET-CAT, a

small carnivorous animal of Africa, India, &c. [Fr. _civette_--Ar.

_zabad_.]

CIVIC. See CITY.

CIVIL, siv'il, _adj._ pertaining to the community: having the refinement of

city-bred people: polite: commercial, not military: lay, secular, or

temporal, not ecclesiastical: pertaining to the individual citizen: (_law_)

relating to private relations amongst citizens, and such suits as arise out

of these, as opposed to _criminal_: (_theol._) naturally good, as opposed

to good through regeneration.--_ns._ CIVIL'IAN, a professor or student of

civil law (not canon law): one engaged in civil as distinguished from

military and other pursuits; CIV'ILIST, one versed in civil law; CIVIL'ITY,

good-breeding: politeness.--_adv._ CIV'ILLY.--_adj._ CIV'IL-SUIT'ED

(_Milton_), sombrely clad.--_n._ CIV'ISM, good citizenship, state of being

well-affected to the government.--CIVIL DEATH, the loss of all civil and

legal but not natural privileges, as by outlawry: CIVIL ENGINEER, one who

plans rail-ways, docks, &c., as opposed to a military engineer, or to a

mechanical engineer, who makes machines, &c.; CIVIL LAW, as opposed to

criminal law: the law laid down by a state regarding the rights of the

inhabitants; CIVIL LIST, now the expenses of the sovereign's household

only; CIVIL LIST PENSIONS, those granted by royal favour; CIVIL SERVICE,

the paid service of the state, in so far as it is not military or naval;

CIVIL WAR, a war between citizens of the same state. [L.

_civ[=i]lis_--_civis_.]

CIVILISE, siv'il-[=i]z, _v.t._ to reclaim from barbarism: to instruct in

arts and refinements.--_adj._ CIV'ILISABLE.--_n._ CIVILIS[=A]'TION, state

of being civilised--_p.adj._ CIV'ILISED.--_n._ CIV'ILISER.

CLABBER, klab'[.e]r, _n._ (_Scot._). [Gael. _clabar_, mud.]

CLACHAN, kla'han, _n._ (_Scot._) a small village. [Gael.

_clachan_--_clach_, stone.]

[Illustration]

CLACK, klak, _v.i._ to make a sudden sharp noise as by striking: to

chatter: to cackle.--_n._ a sharp, sudden sound; sound of voices: an

instrument making this kind of noise: (_coll._) the tongue.--_ns._

CLACK'-BOX, the box containing the clack-valve of an engine; CLACK'-DISH

(_Shak._), a wooden dish carried by beggars, having a movable cover which

they clacked to attract attention; CLACK'ER; CLACK'-VALVE, a valve used in

pumps, having a flap or a hinge which lifts up to let the fluid pass, but

prevents the fluid from returning by falling back over the aperture. [From

the sound.]

CLAD, klad, _pa.t_. and _pa.p._ of CLOTHE.

CLAES, kl[=a]z, _n.pl._ Scotch for CLOTHES.

CLAG, klag, _v.i._ (_prov._) to stick.--_adj._ CLAG'GY, sticky. [Prob.

Scand.; Dan. _klag_, mud.]

CLAIM, kl[=a]m, _v.t._ to call for: to demand as a right.--_n._ a demand

for something supposed due: right or ground for demanding: the thing

claimed.--_adj._ CLAIM'ABLE, that can be claimed.--_n._ CLAIM'ANT, one who

makes a claim.--LAY CLAIM TO, to assert a right. [O. Fr. _claimer_--L.

_clam[=a]re_, to call out.]

CLAIRAUDIENCE, kl[=a]r-awd'i-ens, _n._ the alleged power of hearing things

not present to the senses.--_n._ CLAIRAUD'IENT. [Fr. _clair_--L. _clarus_,

clear, and AUDIENCE.]

CLAIR-OBSCURE, CLARE-OBSCURE, kl[=a]r-ob-sk[=u]r'. Same as CHIAROSCURO

(q.v.). [Fr. _clair_--L. _clarus_, clear, and Fr. _obscur_--L. _obscurus_,

obscure.]

CLAIRSCHACH, kl[=a]r'shäh, _n._ the old Celtic harp strung with wire.

CLAIRVOYANCE, kl[=a]r-voi'ans, _n._ the alleged power of seeing things not

present to the senses.--_n._ CLAIRVOY'ANT, one who is said to have this

power. [Fr., _clair_--L. _clarus_, clear, and Fr. _voir_--L. _vid[=e]re_,

to see.]

CLAM, klam, _n._ a species of bivalve shellfish: an instrument for holding.

[A.S. _clam_, fetter; cf. Ger. _klamm_; Dan. _klamme_.]

CLAM, klam, _v.t._ to clog: to smear; _pr.p._ clam'ming; _pa.p._

clammed.--_n._ dampness.--_adv._ CLAM'MILY.--_n._ CLAM'MINESS.--_adj._

CLAM'MY, sticky: moist and adhesive. [A.S. _clæman_, to anoint; cf. Dut.,

Dan. _klam_, damp.]

CLAM, klam, _n._ noise produced in ringing a chime of bells at

once.--_v.t._ or _v.i._ to produce a clam. [Prob. onomatopoeic.]

CLAMANT, klam'ant, _adj._ calling aloud or earnestly.--_n._ CLAM'ANCY,

urgency. [L. _clam[=a]re_, to cry out.]

CLAMBER, klam'b[.e]r, _v.i._ to climb with difficulty, grasping with the

hands and feet.--_n._ the act of clambering. [From root of CLUMP; cf. Ger.

_klammern_--_klemmen_, to squeeze or hold tightly.]

CLAMJAMPHRIE, klam-jam'fri, _n._ (_Scot._) rubbish: nonsense: rabble. [Der.

uncertain.]

CLAMOUR, klam'or, _n._ a loud continuous outcry: uproar; any loud

noise.--_v.i._ to cry aloud in demand: to make a loud continuous

outcry.--_adj._ CLAM'OROUS, noisy, boisterous.--_adv._ CLAM'OROUSLY.--_ns._

CLAM'-OROUSNESS; CLAM'OURER. [L. _clamor_.]

CLAMP, klamp, _n._ a piece of timber, iron, &c., used to fasten things

together or to strengthen any framework: any instrument for

holding.--_v.t._ to bind with clamps. [From a root seen in A.S. _clam_,

fetter; Dut. _klamp_, a clamp, and akin to Eng. CLIP, CLIMB.]

CLAMP, klamp, _n._ a heavy tread.--_v.i._ to tread heavily. [Prob. from the

sound.]

CLAMPER, klam'p[.e]r, _v.t._ to botch up. [Der. unknown; prob. conn. with

CLAMP, a piece of timber, &c.]

CLAN, klan, _n._ a tribe or collection of families subject to a single

chieftain, bearing the same surname, and supposed to have a common

ancestor: a clique, sect: a collective name for a number of persons or

things.--_adj._ CLAN'NISH, closely united, like the members of a

clan.--_adv._ CLAN'NISHLY.--_ns._ CLAN'NISHNESS; CLAN'SHIP, association of

families under a chieftain: feeling of loyalty to a clan; CLANS'MAN, a

member of a clan. [Gael. _clann_, offspring, tribe--L. _planta_, a shoot.]

CLANDESTINE, klan-des'tin, _adj._ concealed or hidden: private:

sly.--_adv._ CLANDES'TINELY. [L. _clandestinus_--_clam_, secretly.]

CLANG, klang, _v.i._ to produce a sharp, ringing sound.--_v.t._ to cause to

clang.--_n._ a sharp, ringing sound, like that made by metallic substances

struck together: (_fig._) sound, the cry of some birds.--_n._ CLANG'ING,

the sound corresponding to the verb.--_adj._ CLANG'OROUS.--_adv._

CLANG'OROUSLY.--_n._ CLANG'OUR, a clang: a sharp, shrill, harsh

sound.--_v.i._ to make a clangour. [L. _clang[)e]re_; Ger. _klang_; formed

from the sound.]

CLANK, klangk, _n._ a sharp sound, less prolonged than a clang, such as is

made by a chain.--_v.t._ or _v.i._ to make or cause a clank.--_n._

CLANK'ING, the action of the verb _clank_.--_adj._ CLANK'LESS, without

clank. [Prob. formed under the influence of CLINK and CLANG.]

CLAP, klap, _n._ the noise made by the sudden striking together of two

things, as the hands: a burst of sound: a slap.--_v.t._ to strike together

so as to make a noise: to thrust or drive together suddenly: to fasten

promptly: to pat with the hand in a friendly manner: to applaud with the

hands: to bang: to imprison--e.g. 'to clap one in prison.'--_v.i._ to

strike the hands together: to strike together with noise: to

applaud:--_pr.p._ clap'ping; _pa.p._ clapped.--_ns._ CLAP'-BOARD, a thin

board used in covering wooden houses; CLAP'-BREAD, a kind of hard-baked

oatmeal cake; CLAP'-DISH (same as CLACK-DISH); CLAP'-NET, a kind of net

which is made to clap together suddenly by pulling a string; CLAP'PER, one

who claps: that which claps, as the tongue of a bell: a glib

tongue.--_v.t._ CLAP'PER-CLAW, to claw or scratch: (_Shak._) to

scold.--_ns._ CLAP'PING, noise of striking: applause; CLAP'-SILL, the

bottom part of the frame on which lock-gates shut--called also _Lock-sill_;

CLAP'TRAP (_Shak._), a trick to gain applause: flashy display: empty words;

CLAPTRAP'PERY.--_adj._ CLAPTRAP'PISH.--CLAP EYES ON, to see; CLAP HANDS

(_Shak._), to make an agreement; CLAP HOLD OF, to seize roughly; CLAP UP

(_Shak._), to conclude suddenly. [Ice. _klappa_, to pat; Dut. and Ger.

_klappen_.]

CLAP, klap, _n._ gonorrhea. [Cf. Dut. _klapoor_.]

CLAQUE, klak, _n._ an institution for securing the success of a public

performance, by bestowing upon it preconcerted applause.--_n._ CLAQ'UEUR, a

member of the claque. [Fr. _claquer_, to clap.]

CLARABELLA, klar-a-bel'a, _n._ an organ-stop of a sweet fluty tone.

CLARENCE, klar'ens, _n._ a four-wheeled carriage, seated inside for two or

more persons. [Named after William IV. when Duke of _Clarence_.]

CLARENCEUX, CLARENCIEUX, klar'en-s[=u], _n._ (_her._) the second

king-of-arms in England, so named from the Duke of _Clarence_, son of

Edward III.

CLARENDON, klar'en-don, _n._ (_print._) a form of type having a heavy face.

CLARE-OBSCURE. Same as CHIAROSCURO.

CLARET, klar'et, _n._ originally applied to wines of a light-red colour,

but now used in England for the dark-red wines of Bordeaux: (_slang_)

blood.--_v.i._ to drink claret.--_ns._ CLAR'ET-CUP, a drink made up of iced

claret, brandy, sugar, &c.; CLAR'ET-JUG, a fancy jug for holding claret.

[Fr. _clairet_--_clair_--L. _clarus_, clear.]

CLARIFY, klar'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to make clear or pure.--_v.i._ to become

clear:--_pr.p._ clar'ifying; _pa.p._ clar'ified.--_ns._ CLARIFIC[=A]'TION;

CLAR'IFIER, that which clarifies or purifies. [L. _clarus_, clear, and

_fac[)e]re_, to make.]

CLARION, klar'i-on, _n._ a kind of trumpet whose note is clear and shrill:

the sound of a trumpet, or a sound resembling that of a trumpet.--_ns._

CLAR'INET, CLAR'IONET, a wind-instrument, usually of wood, in which the

sound is produced by a single thin reed.--The BASS CLARINET is pitched an

octave lower than the ordinary clarinet. [Fr. _clairon_--_clair_--L.

_clarus_, clear.]

CLARITY, klar'i-ti, _n._ clearness. [M. E. _clarté_--L. _claritas_.]

CLARTY, klar'ti, _adj._ (_Scot._) sticky and dirty. [Der. unknown.]

CLARY, kl[=a]r'i, _n._ a biennial with clammy stem, large, heart-shaped,

rough, doubly crenate leaves, and whorls of pale-blue flowers in loose

terminal spikes, with large coloured bracts. [Low L. _sclarea_. Origin

unknown.]

CLASH, klash, _n._ a loud noise, such as is caused by the striking together

of weapons: opposition: contradiction: (_Scot._) chatter, country

talk.--_v.i._ to dash noisily together: to meet in opposition: to act in a

contrary direction: to disagree: (_Scot._) to gossip.--_v.t._ to strike

noisily against.--_n._ CLASH'ING, a striking against: opposition. [Formed

from the sound, like Ger. and Sw. _klatsch_.]

CLASP, klasp, _n._ a hook for fastening: an embrace.--_v.t._ to fasten with

a clasp: to enclose and hold in the hand or arms: to embrace.--_ns._

CLASP'ER, that which clasps: the tendril of a plant; CLASP'ING;

CLASP'-KNIFE, a knife the blade of which folds into the handle. [M. E.

_clapse_, from the root of A.S. _clyppan_, to embrace. See CLIP.]

CLASS, klas, _n._ a rank or order of persons or things: high rank or social

standing: a number of students or scholars who are taught together: a

scientific division or arrangement: the position in order of merit of

students after examination.--_v.t._ to form into a class or classes: to

arrange methodically.--_v.i._ to take rank.--_adjs._ CLASS'ABLE,

CLASS'IBLE, capable of being classed.--_ns._ CLASS'-FELL'OW, CLASS'-MATE, a

pupil in the same class at school or college; CLASS'IC, any great writer or

work: a student of the ancient classics: a standard work: (_pl._) Greek,

Roman, and modern writers of the first rank, or their works.--_adjs._

CLASS'IC, -AL, of the highest class or rank, esp. in literature: originally

and chiefly used of the best Greek and Roman writers: (as opposed to

_Romantic_) like in style to the authors of Greece and Rome: chaste,

refined, in keeping with classical art: famous for literary or historical

reasons.--_ns._ CLASSICAL'ITY, CLASS'ICALNESS, the quality of being

classical.--_adv._ CLASS'ICALLY.--_ns._ CLASS'ICISM, a classical idiom;

CLASS'ICIST, one versed in the classics, or devoted to their being retained

in education; CLASS'-LEAD'ER, the leader of a class in a Methodist church;

CLASS'MAN, one who has gained honours of a certain class at the Oxford

examinations--opp. to _Passman_.--CLASSIC RACES, the five chief annual

horse-races--the Two Thousand, One Thousand, Derby, Oaks, and St

Leger.--TAKE A CLASS, to take honours in an examination, as opposed to the

mere 'pass.' [Fr. _classe_--L. _classis_, cog. with L. _cal[=a]re_, Gr.

_kalein_.]

CLASSIFY, klas'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to make or form into classes: to

arrange:--_pr.p._ class'ifying; _pa.p._ class'ified.--_adjs._

CLASSIF[=I]'ABLE, capable of being classified; CLASSIF'IC, denoting

classes.--_n._ CLASSIFIC[=A]'TION, act of forming into classes:

distribution into classes.--_adj._ CLASS'IFIC[=A]TORY.--_n._

CLASS'IF[=I]ER. [L. _classis_, and _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

CLASSIS, klas'is, _n._ a group: judicatory. [L.]

CLASTIC, klas'tik, _adj._ breaking into fragments, fragmental. [Gr.

_klastos_--_klan_, to break.]

CLATCH, klach, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to daub.--_n._ mire, anything for daubing.

CLATCH, klach, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to finish carelessly, to botch.--_n._ a

piece of work spoiled or botched.

CLATCH, klach, _n._ (_Scot._) a kind of gig.

CLATHRATE, klath'r[=a]t, _adj._ latticed--also CLATH'ROID.--_adjs._

CLATH'ROSE, crossed by deep rectangular furrows; CLATH'RULATE, finely

clathrate. [L. _clath-r[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to furnish with a lattice--Gr.

_kl[=e]thra_, a lattice.]

CLATTER, klat'[.e]r, _n._ a repeated rattling noise: a repetition of

abrupt, sharp sounds: noisy talk: (_Burns_) gossip.--_v.i._ to make

rattling sounds: to rattle with the tongue: to talk fast and idly.--_v.t._

to strike so as to produce a rattling.--_adv._ CLATT'ERINGLY. [Acc. to

Skeat, _clatter_ = _clacker_, a freq. of CLACK.]

CLAUDE LORRAINE GLASS, _n._ a convex mirror, usually coloured, employed for

viewing landscape. [Named after the painter _Claude Lorraine_ (1600-82).]

CLAUDIAN, klaw'di-an, _adj._ pertaining to the Roman emperors of the

_Claudian_ gens (Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero), or their period

(14-68 A.D.).

CLAUDICATION, klaw-di-k[=a]'shun, _n._ a halting, a limp. [L.,--_claudus_,

lame.]

CLAUGHT, kläht, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to snatch.--_n._ a hold, catch. [Cf.

CLEEK.]

CLAUSE, klawz, _n._ a sentence or part of a sentence: an article or part of

a contract, will, &c.--_adj._ CLAUS'ULAR, pertaining to, or consisting of,

a clause or clauses. [Fr. _clause_--L. _clausus_--_claud[)e]re_, to shut.]

CLAUSTRAL, klaws'tral, _adj._ cloistral, secluded, pertaining to a

claustrum.--_ns._ CLAUSTR[=A]'TION, the act of shutting in a cloister;

CLAUSTROPH[=O]'BIA, a morbid dread of confined places.--_adj._

CLAUSTROPHOB'IC.

CLAUSTRUM, klaws'trum, _n._ a thin layer of gray matter in the substance of

the hemispheres of the brain:--_pl._ CLAUS'TRA. [L.]

CLAUT, klat, _n._ a kind of rake: (_Scot._) what is raked, a

rakeful.--_v.t._ to scratch, claw.--_n.pl._ CLATS, slops.--_adj._ CLAT'TY,

dirty. [Perh. conn. with CLAW.]

CLAVATE, -D, kl[=a]'v[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ (_bot._) club-shaped: gradually

thickening to the top.--_n._ CLAV[=A]'TION, articulation in a

socket.--_adjs._ CLAV'ELLATE, having club-shaped processes; CLAV'IFORM, in

the form of a club.--_n._ CLAV'IGER, a club-bearer.--_adj._ CLAVIG'EROUS,

club-bearing. [From L. _clava_, a club.]

CLAVE, kl[=a]v, _pa.t._ of CLEAVE.

CLAVECIN, klav'e-sin, _n._ a harpsichord.--_n._ CLAV'ECINIST (_Browning_),

a player on the clavecin. [Fr. _clavecin_--L. _clavis_, a key.]

CLAVER, kl[=a]'v[.e]r, _n._ idle talk, gossip.--_v.i._ to talk idly.

[Scotch; der. uncertain; cf. Gael. _clabaire_.]

CLAVICHORD, klav'i-kord, _n._ an obsolete musical instrument, of the same

form as the _Harpsichord_ and _Spinet_.--_n._ CLAV'IHARP, a harp struck

with keys like a piano. [L. _clavis_, a key, _chorda_, a string.]

CLAVICLE, klav'i-kl, _n._ an important part of the pectoral girdle of

vertebrates, best known in the collar-bone of man and in the merry-thought

of birds--also CLAVIC'ULA.--_adj._ CLAVIC'ULAR. [Fr. _clavicule_--L.

_clavicula_, dim. of _clavis_, a key.]

CLAVICORN, klav'i-korn, _adj._ having clavate antennæ.--_n._ a member of

the _Clavicornia_, a group of _Coleoptera_ or beetles. [L. _clava_, a club,

_cornu_, a horn.]

CLAVIER, kla-v[=e]r', _n._ the keyboard of a musical instrument: a stringed

instrument, esp. the pianoforte. [Fr.,--L. _clavis_, a key.]

CLAVIS, kl[)a]'vis, _n._ a key, hence a clue or aid for solving problems,

interpreting a cipher, &c.:--_pl._ CL[=A]'VES.--_n._ CLAV'IGER, one who

keeps a key, a custodian.--_adj._ CLAVIG'EROUS, keeping keys. [L., a key.]

CLAW, klaw, _n._ the hooked nail of a beast or bird: the whole foot of an

animal with hooked nails: anything like a claw: an instrument shaped like a

claw.--_v.t._ to scratch or tear as with the claws or nails: to scrape; to

seize: (_fig._) to flatter, fawn on.--_n._ CLAW'BACK, a toady,

flatterer.--_adj._ CLAWED, having claws.--_ns._ CLAW-HAMM'ER, a hammer with

one part of the head divided into two claws, with which to extract nails;

CLAW'-HAMM'ER-COAT, a facetious name for a dress-coat.--_adj._

CLAW'LESS.--CLAW ME AND I'LL CLAW THEE, favour me and I shall do you good

in return. [A.S. _clawu_; cog. with Ger. _klaue_; akin to CLEAVE, to

stick.]

CLAY, kl[=a], _n._ a tenacious ductile earth: earth in general: the human

body: short for clay-pipe, a tobacco-pipe made of baked clay.--_v.t._ to

purify with clay, as sugar.--_adjs._ CLAY'-BRAINED (_Shak._), stupid;

CLAY'-COLD, cold as clay, lifeless.--_n._ CLAY'-EAT'ER, one addicted to

chewing a fatty clay--in Brazil and elsewhere.--_adjs._ CLAYED, clay-like;

CLAY'EY, made of clay: covered with clay.--_n._ CLAY'-GROUND, ground

consisting mainly of clay.--_adj._ CLAY'ISH, of the nature of clay.--_ns._

CLAY'-MARL, a whitish chalky clay; CLAY'-MILL, a mill for preparing clay;

CLAY'-SLATE, an argillaceous rock, splitting readily into thin sheets;

CLAY'STONE, one of the concretionary nodules in alluvial deposits.--WET

ONE'S CLAY, to drink. [A.S. _clæg_; cf. Dan. _klæg_, Ger. _klei_.]

CLAYMORE, kl[=a]'m[=o]r, _n._ a large sword formerly used by the Scottish

Highlanders, the old Celtic one-handed, two-edged longsword, now applied

inaccurately to the basket-hilted sword of the officers of Highland

regiments. [Gael. _claidheamh-mor_--Gael. and Ir. _claidheamh_, sword,

_mor_, great.]

CLEAN, kl[=e]'n, _adj._ free from dirt, stain, or whatever defiles: pure:

guiltless: neat: complete.--_adv._ quite: entirely: cleverly.--_v.t._ to

make clean, or free from dirt.--_ns._ CLEAN'OR, that which cleans;

CLEAN'ING, the act of making clean.--_adj._ CLEAN'-LIMBED, having

well-proportioned limbs: smart.--_n._ CLEAN'LINESS.--_adj._ CLEAN'LY, clean

in habits or person: pure: neat.--_adv._ in a cleanly manner.--_n._

CLEAN'NESS.--_adj._ CLEAN'-TIM'BERED (_Shak._), well-proportioned.--CLEAN

BILL OF HEALTH (see BILL OF HEALTH).--HAVE CLEAN HANDS, to be free from the

guilt of wrong-doing.--MAKE A CLEAN BREAST OF, to own up frankly, to

confess fully; SHOW A CLEAN PAIR OF HEELS, to escape by running.--THE CLEAN

THING, the right thing to do. [A.S. _cl['æ]ne_; W., Gael. _glan_, shine,

polish; Ger. _klein_, small.]

CLEANSE, klenz, _v.t._ to make clean or pure.--_adj._ CLEANS'ABLE.--_ns._

CLEANS'ER, one who, or that which, cleanses; CLEANS'ING, purification.

CLEAR, kl[=e]r, _adj._ pure, bright, undimmed: free from obstruction or

difficulty: plain, distinct: without blemish, defect, drawback, or

diminution: conspicuous: transparent.--_adv._ in a clear manner: plainly:

wholly: quite.--_v.t._ to make clear: to empty: to free from obscurity,

obstruction, or guilt: to free, acquit, or vindicate; to leap, or pass by

or over; to make profit: to settle a bill.--_v.i._ to become clear: to grow

free, bright, or transparent.--_ns._ CLEAR'AGE, a piece of land cleared;

CLEAR'ANCE, act of clearing: removal of hinderances: a certificate that a

ship has been cleared at the custom-house--that is, has satisfied all

demands and procured permission to sail.--_adjs._ CLEAR'-EYED,

clear-sighted, discerning; CLEAR'-HEAD'ED, having a clear understanding,

sagacious.--_ns._ CLEAR'ING, the act of making clear: a tract of land

cleared of wood, &c., for cultivation: a method by which bankers exchange

cheques and drafts, and arrange the differences; CLEAR'ING-HOUSE, a place

in London where such clearing business is done; CLEAR'ING-NUT, the seed of

_Strychnos potatorum_, used in the East Indies for clearing muddy

water.--_adv._ CLEAR'LY, in a clear manner: distinctly.--_ns._ CLEAR'NESS;

CLEAR'-OBSCURE' (see CHIAROSCURO).--_adj._ CLEAR'-SIGHT'ED, having

clearness of sight: discerning.--_ns._ CLEAR'-SIGHT'EDNESS;

CLEAR'-STARCH'ER, a laundress; CLEAR'-STARCH'ING, the act of stiffening

linen with clear starch; CLEAR-STORY (see CLERESTORY).--CLEAR OUT, to be

off; CLEAR THE WAY, to make the way open; CLEAR UP, to become clear. [Fr.

_clair_--L. _clarus_, clear.]

[Illustration]

CLEAT, kl[=e]t, _n._ a wedge: a piece of wood nailed across anything to

keep it in its place or give it an additional strength: a piece of wood

fastened on parts of a ship, and having holes or recesses for fastening

ropes.--_v.t._ to strengthen with a cleat. [From a supposed A.S. _cléat_;

cf. Dut. _kloot_; Dan. _klode_; Ger. _kloss_.]

CLEAVE, kl[=e]v, _v.t._ to divide, to split: to separate with violence: to

go through: to pierce.--_v.i._ to part asunder: to crack:--_pr.p._

cleav'ing; _pa.t._ cl[=o]ve or cleft; _pa.p._ clov'en or cleft.--_adj._

CLEAV'ABLE, capable of being cleft.--_ns._ CLEAV'AGE, a condition of rocks

in which they split easily into thin plates; CLEAV'ER, one who or that

which cleaves: a butcher's chopper; CLEAV'ERS, CLIV'ERS,

goose-grass--_Galium aperine_, diuretic and sudorific.--_adj._ CLEAV'ING,

splitting. [A.S. _cleófan_; cog. with Ger. _klieben_.]

CLEAVE, kl[=e]v, _v.i._ to stick or adhere: to unite:--_pr.p._ cleav'ing;

_pa.t._ cleaved or cl[=a]ve; _pa.p._ cleaved.--_n._ CLEAV'ING, the act of

adhering. [A.S. _clifian_; cog. with Ger. _kleben_, Dut. _kleven_.]

CLECHÉ, klesh'[=a], _adj._ (_her._) voided or hollowed throughout, as a

cross showing only a narrow bolder. [Fr.]

CLECK, klek, _v.t._ to hatch.--_n._ CLECK'ING, a brood. [Scot.,--Ice.

_klekja_; cf. Dan. _klække_, to hatch.]

CLEDDYO, kled'y[=o], _n._ an antique leaf-shaped bronze Celtic sword. [W.

_cleddeu_, _cleddyf_; L. _gladius_.]

CLEEK, kl[=e]k, _n._ a large hook for catching hold of something, used in

fishing, &c.: an iron-headed golf-club: a peg.--_v.t._ to seize, snatch.

[M. E. _kleken_; perh. related to CLUTCH.]

CLEF, klef, _n._ a musical character placed on the staff by which the

absolute pitch of the notes is fixed. [Fr., from L. _clavis_; Gr. _kleis_,

a key.]

CLEFT, kleft, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of CLEAVE.

CLEFT, kleft, _n._ an opening made by cleaving or splitting: a crack,

fissure, or chink.--Also CLIFT (_B._). [Cf. Ger. _kluft_, Dan. _klyft_, a

hole.]

CLEFT-PALATE. See PALATE.

CLEG, kleg, _n._ the gadfly, horse-fly. [Ice. _kleggi_.]

CLEM, klem, _v.i._ and _v.t._ to starve. [Prov. Eng. _clam_; Ger.

_klemmen_, to pinch.]

CLEMATIS, klem'a-tis, _n._ a creeping plant, called also _Virgin's Bower_

and _Traveller's Joy_. [L.,--Gr. _kl[=e]matis_--_kl[=e]ma_, a twig.]

CLEMENT, klem'ent, _adj._ mild: gentle: kind: merciful.--_ns._ CLEM'ENCE

(_Spens._), CLEM'ENCY, the quality of being clement: mildness: readiness to

forgive.--_adv._ CLEM'ENTLY. [Fr.,--L. _clemens_.]

CLENCH, klensh. Same as CLINCH.

CLEPE, kl[=e]p, _v.t._ (_arch._) to call: to name.--_pa.p._ YCLEPT. [A.S.

_clipian_, to call.]

CLEPSYDRA, klep'si-dra, _n._ an instrument used by the Greeks and Romans

for measuring time by the trickling of water. [L.,--Gr.

_klepsydra_--_kleptein_, _klepsein_, to steal, _hyd[=o]r_, water.]

CLERESTORY, CLEAR-STORY, cl[=e]r-st[=o]'ri, _n._ an upper row of windows

rising above the adjoining parts of the building, probably so named as

admitting _clearness_ or light--esp. applied to the windows in the upper

part of the central nave of churches.

CLERGY, kl[.e]r'ji, _n._ the ministers of the Christian religion, as

holders of an allotted office, in contradistinction to the laity.--_adjs._

CLER'GYABLE, CLER'GIABLE, entitled to or admitting of the benefit of

clergy.--_ns._ CLER'GYMAN, one of the clergy, a regularly ordained

minister; CLER'GY-WOM'AN, a woman belonging to a clergyman's

family.--_adjs._ CLER'IC, -AL, belonging to the clergy: pertaining to a

clerk.--_ns._ CLER'IC, a clergyman; CLER'ICALISM, undue influence of the

clergy, sacerdotalism; CLER'ICATE, clerical position; CLERIC'ITY, state of

being a clergyman; CLER'ISY, the class of learned men,

scholars.--CLERGYMAN'S SORE THROAT, chronic pharyngitis.--BENEFIT OF

CLERGY, originally an exemption of clergymen, in certain cases, from

criminal process before a secular judge, but later covering the first

offence of all who could read.--BLACK CLERGY, in Russia, the regular or

monastic, as distinct from the secular or parochial, clergy. [Fr.

_clergé_--L.,--Gr. _kl[=e]rikos_, from _kl[=e]ros_, a lot, then the

clergy.]

CLERK, klärk, or klerk, _n._ a clergyman or priest: a scholar: one who

leads the responses in the English Church service: in common use, one

employed as a writer, assistant, copyist, account-keeper, or correspondent

in an office.--_v.i._ to act as clerk.--_adj._ CLER'ICAL, pertaining to a

clerk or copyist, as in 'clerical error.'--_ns._ CLERK'DOM, CLERK'SHIP;

CLERK'ERY, CLERK'AGE, the work of a clerk.--_adjs._ CLERK'ISH, like a

clerk; CLERK'LESS, ignorant; CLERK'-LIKE, scholarly.--_n._ CLERK'LING, a

young clerk.--_adj._ CLERK'LY, scholarly.--_adv._ in a scholar-like or

learned manner.--CLERK OF THE WEATHER, an imaginary functionary facetiously

supposed to direct the weather.--BIBLE CLERK, a scholar who reads the

lessons in some college chapels. [A.S. _clerc_, a priest--Late L.

_clericus_. See CLERGY.]

CLEROMANCY, kler'o-man-si, _n._ divination by lots. [Gr. _kl[=e]ros_, lot,

_manteia_, divination.]

CLER-STORY, an obsolete form of CLERESTORY.

CLEUCH, Cleugh, kl[=u]h, _n._ a ravine with steep and precipitous sides.

[Scotch form of CLOUGH.]

CLEVE, kl[=e]v, _n._ cliff: hillside. [Now rare. M. E. _cleof_, a variant

of CLIFF.]

CLEVER, klev'[.e]r, _adj._ able or dexterous: ingenious: skilful: (_U.S._)

good-natured.--_ns._ CLEVERAL'ITY, CLEV'ERNESS.--_adj._ CLEV'ERISH,

somewhat clever.--_adv._ CLEV'ERLY. [Ety. dub.]

CLEW, CLUE, kl[=oo], _n._ a ball of thread, or the thread in it: a thread

that guides through a labyrinth: anything that solves a mystery: the corner

of a sail.--_v.t._ to coil up into a clew or ball: to truss or tie up sails

to the yards.--_n._ CLEW'-GAR'NET (_naut._), a tackle for clewing up the

smaller square sails for furling.--_n.pl._ CLEW'-LINES, ropes on the

smaller square sails by which they are clewed up for furling. [A.S.

_cliwen_; cf. Dut. _kluwen_; Ger. _knäuel_.]

CLICHÉ, kl[=e]-sh[=a]', _n._ the impression made by a die in any soft

metal: an electrotype or stereotype plate. [Fr.,--_clicher_, to

stereotype.]

CLICK, klik, _n._ a short, sharp clack or sound: anything that makes such a

sound, as a small piece of iron falling into a notched wheel: a latch for a

gate.--_v.i._ to make a light, sharp sound.--_ns._ CLICK'-CLACK, a

continuous clicking noise; CLICK'ER, the compositor who distributes the

copy among a companionship of printers, makes up pages, &c.: one who cuts

up leather for the uppers and soles of boots and shoes; CLICK'ING, the

action of the verb. [Dim. of CLACK.]

CLIENT, kl[=i]'ent, _n._ one who employs a lawyer: a dependent.--_n._

CL[=I]'ENTAGE, the whole number of one's clients: the client's relation to

the patron.--_adj._ CL[=I]ENT'AL.--_ns._ CL[=I]'ENTELE, a following: the

whole connection of a lawyer, shopkeeper, &c.; CL[=I]'ENTSHIP. [L.

_cliens_, for _cluens_, one who hears or listens (to advice), from

_clu[=e]re_, to hear.]

CLIFF, klif, _n._ (_mus._). Same as CLEF.

CLIFF, klif, _n._ a high steep rock: the steep side of a mountain.--_adjs._

CLIFFED, CLIFF'Y, having cliffs: craggy. [A.S. _clif_; Dut. _clif_; Ice.

_klif_.]

CLIFT. See CLEFT (2).

CLIFT, klift, _n._ same as CLIFF, the form arising under the influence of

CLEFT.--_adjs._ CLIFT'ED, CLIFT'Y, broken into cliffs.

CLIMACTERIC, klim-ak-t[.e]r'ik, or klim-ak't[.e]r-ik, _n._ a critical

period in human life, in which some great bodily change is supposed to take

place: a critical time.--_adj._ pertaining to such a period:

critical.--_adj._ CLIMACTER'ICAL.--THE GRAND CLIMACTERIC, the sixty-third

year, supposed to be a critical period for men. [Gr.

_klimakt[=e]r_--_klimax_, a ladder.]

CLIMATE, kl[=i]'m[=a]t, _n._ the condition of a country or place with

regard to temperature, moisture, &c.: (_fig._) character of

something.--_v.i._ (_Shak._) to remain in a certain place.--_adjs._

CL[=I]'MATAL, CLIMAT'IC, -AL, relating to climate.--_v.t._ CL[=I]'MATISE

(see ACCLIMATISE).--_adj._ CLIMATOGRAPH'ICAL.--_n._ CLIMATOG'RAPHY, a

description of climates.--_adj._ CLIMATOLOG'ICAL, relating to

climatology.--_ns._ CLIMATOL'OGIST, one skilled in the science of

climatology; CLIMATOL'OGY, the science of climates, or an investigation of

the causes on which the climate of a place depends; CL[=I]'MATURE

(_Shak._), climate. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _klima_, _klimatos_, slope--_klinein_,

to slope.]

CLIMAX, kl[=i]'maks, _n._ (_rhet._) the arranging of the particulars of a

portion of a discourse so as to rise in strength to the last: the last term

of the rhetorical arrangement: a culmination.--_v.i._ to ascend in a

climax: to culminate.--_adjs._ CLIMACT'IC, -AL, pertaining to a

climax.--_adv._ CLIMACT'ICALLY. [Gr. _klimax_, a ladder--from _klinein_, to

slope.]

CLIMB, kl[=i]m, _v.i._ or _v.t._ to ascend or mount by clutching with the

hands and feet: to ascend with difficulty: to mount.--_adj._ CLIMB'ABLE,

capable of being climbed.--_ns._ CLIMB'ER, one who or that which climbs:

(_pl._) an old-fashioned popular title for several orders of birds whose

feet are mainly adapted for climbing: (_bot._) those plants which, having

weak stems, seek support from other objects, chiefly from other plants, in

order to ascend from the ground; CLIMB'ING. [A.S. _climban_; cf. Ger.

_klimmen_; conn. with CLAMBER and CLEAVE, to stick.]

CLIME, kl[=i]m, _n._ a country, region, tract. [A variety of CLIMATE.]

CLINAMEN, klin-[=a]'men, _n._ inclination. [L. _clin[=a]re_, to incline.]

CLINANTHIUM, klin-an'thi-um, _n._ the receptacle in a composite plant. [Gr.

_klin[=e]_, a bed, _anthos_, a flower.]

CLINCH, klinsh, CLENCH, klensh, _v.t._ to fasten or rivet a nail by bending

the point and beating the bent part flat against the object through which

the nail was driven: to grasp tightly: to set firmly, as the teeth: to

fasten on: (_fig._) to drive home an argument: to settle or confirm.--_n._

something set firmly: the fastening of a nail by beating it back, as in the

verb: a pun.--_n._ CLINCH'ER, one that clinches: a decisive

argument.--_adj._ CLINCH'ER-BUILT (same as CLINKER-BUILT).--_n._

CLINCH'ER-WORK, the disposition of the side planks of a vessel, when the

lower edge of one row overlaps the row next under it. [Causal form of

_klink_, to strike smartly; Dut. and Ger. _klinken_, to rivet a bolt.]

CLING, kling, _v.i._ to adhere or stick close by winding round: to adhere

in interest or affection: to remain by an opinion: of wood, to

shrink.--_v.t._ to attach: to shrivel:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ clung.--_n._

adherence.--_adjs._ CLING'STONE, having the pulp adhering firmly to the

stone (of peaches)--opp. to _Freestone_; CLING'Y, sticky. [A.S. _clingan_,

to shrivel up, to draw together.]

CLINIC, -AL, klin'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to a bed: (_med._) applied to

instruction given in hospitals at the bedside of the patient.--_n._

CLIN'IC, one confined to bed by sickness: the teaching of medicine or

surgery practically at the bedside of the patient--also CLIN'IQUE.--_adv._

CLIN'ICALLY.--CLINICAL BAPTISM, baptism administered to persons on their

sick-bed; CLINICAL CONVERT, one converted on his death-bed; CLINICAL

MEDICINE, or SURGERY, medicine or surgery as taught by clinics, a CLINICAL

LECTURE being one delivered to students at the bedside of the sick. [Gr.

_klinikos_--_klin[=e]_, a bed, from _klinein_, to recline.]

[Illustration]

CLINK, klingk, _n._ a ringing sound made by the striking together of

sounding bodies: jingle.--_v.t._ to cause to make a ringing sound.--_v.i._

to ring or jingle: to go with a clinking sound.--_n._ CLINK'ER, the name

given to the scales or globules of black oxide of iron, obtained from

red-hot iron under the blows of a hammer: the slags of iron furnaces: the

cindery-like masses which form the crust of some lava-flows.--_adj._

CLINK'ER-BUILT, made of planks which overlap each other below (as

distinguished from carvel-built) and are fastened together with clinched

nails.--_n._ CLINK'STONE, a greenish-gray or brownish compact, or very

finely crystalline igneous rock, splitting into slabs, which give a

metallic clink when struck by a hammer. [A form of CLICK and CLANK.]

CLINK, klingk, _v.t._ to clinch: to rivet. [Scot. for CLINCH.]

CLINOMETER, kl[=i]-nom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the angle

of inclination or dip of a stratum.--_adj._ CLINOMET'RIC.--_n._

CLINOM'ETRY. [Gr. _klinein_, to incline, _metron_, a measure.]

CLINQUANT, klingk'ant, _adj._ shining like tinsel: glittering.--_n._

tinsel: glitter. [Fr.,--Dut. _klinken_, to clink.]

CLIO, kl[=i]'o, _n._ the muse of history and epic poetry: (_zool._) a genus

of shell-less molluscs in the class of Pteropods, swarming in northern and

southern seas, and named by the whalers 'whales' food,' one species of

which constitutes a principal part of the food of whales. [Gr. _kleein_, to

call.]

CLIP, klip, _v.t._ to cut by making the blades of shears meet: to cut off:

to debase the coin by cutting off the edges: to diminish.--_v.i._ to go

quickly:--_pr.p._ clip'ping; _pa.p._ clipped.--_n._ the thing clipped off,

as the wool that has been shorn off sheep: a smart blow.--_adj._ CLIPPED,

cut short.--_ns._ CLIP'PER, one that clips: a sharp-built, fast-sailing

vessel: (_slang_) a dashing person; CLIP'PING, the act of cutting, esp.

debasing coin by cutting off the edges: the thing clipped off.--_adj._

superb: fast-going.--CLIP THE WINGS, to cut a bird's wings to prevent it

from flying: (_fig._) to restrain ambition: to deprive of the means of

rising. [Prob. from Ice. _klippa_, to cut; Dan. _klippe_.]

CLIP, klip, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to embrace: to encircle: to hold firmly.--_n._

an instrument for holding things firm. [A.S. _clyppan_, to embrace; Ice.

_klýpa_, to pinch; Ger. _kluppe_, pincers.]

CLIQUE, kl[=e]k, _n._ a group of persons in union for a purpose: a party or

faction: a gang--used generally in a bad sense.--_adj._ CLIQU'ISH, relating

to a clique.--_ns._ CLIQU'ISHNESS; CLIQU'ISM, tendency to form cliques.

[Fr.; prob. from root of _click_, and so = a noisy conclave. Acc. to

Littré, orig. in sense of CLAQUE.]

CLISH-CLASH, klish'-klash, CLISHMACLAVER, klish'makl[=a]v'[.e]r, _n._

gossip. [Scot.]

CLISTOGAMY, klis-tog'a-mi, _n._ a peculiar dimorphism in the flowers of a

plant when these do not expand and are systematically close or

self-fertilised.--_adjs._ CLISTOG'AMOUS, CLISTOGAM'IC. [Gr. _kleistos_,

closed, _gamos_, marriage.]

CLITELLUM, kli-tel'um, _n._ the saddle of an annelid, as the

earthworm:--_pl._ CLITELL'A. [L.]

CLITHRAL, klith'ral, _adj._ with a roof that forms a complete covering.

[Gr.]

CLITORIS, kl[=i]'t[=o]-ris, _n._ a homologue of the penis present, as a

rudimentary organ, in the female of many higher vertebrates.--_ns._

CL[=I]'TORISM; CLITOR[=I]'TIS. [Gr.]

CLITTER, klit'[.e]r, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to make, or cause to make, a shrill

rattling noise.--_n._ CLITT'ER-CLATT'ER, idle talk, chatter. [Related to

CLATTER.]

CLIVERS. Same as CLEAVERS (q.v. under CLEAVE).

CLOACA, kl[=o]-[=a]'ka, _n._ a sewer: a privy: a cavity in birds and

reptiles, in which the intestinal and urinary ducts terminate: a sink of

moral filth:--_pl._ CLOACÆ (kl[=o]-[=a]'s[=e]).--_adjs._ CLO[=A]'CAL,

CLO[=A]'CINAL. [L. _clo[=a]ca_--_clu[)e]re_, to purge.]

CLOAK, CLOKE, kl[=o]k, _n._ a loose outer garment: a covering: that which

conceals: a disguise, pretext.--_v.t._ to clothe with a cloak: to cover: to

conceal.--_ns._ CLOAK'-BAG (_obs._), a portmanteau; CLOAK'-ROOM, a room set

apart for keeping cloaks, coats, hats, &c., at a theatre, railway station,

&c. [O. Fr. _cloke_, _cloque_--Low L. _cloca_, a bell, also a horseman's

cape, because bell-shaped, from root of CLOCK.]

CLOAM, kl[=o]m, _n._ and _adj._ earthenware, clay, or made of such. [A.S.

_clám_, mud. See CLAY.]

CLOBBER, klob'[.e]r, _n._ a paste used by shoemakers to hide the cracks in

leather. [Ety. dub.]

CLOCK, klok, _n._ a machine for measuring time, marking the time by the

position of its 'hands' upon the dial-plate, or by the striking of a hammer

on a bell: (_Shak._) the striking of the hour.--_n._ CLOCK'WORK, the works

or machinery of a clock: machinery steady and regular like that of a

clock.--_adj._ automatic.--GO LIKE CLOCKWORK, to go along smoothly and

without a hitch.--KNOW WHAT O'CLOCK IT IS, to be wide awake, to know how

things are. [M. E. _clokke_, prob. through O. Fr. from Low L. _cloca_,

_clocca_, a bell; mod. Fr. _cloche_, Dut. _klok_; Ger. _glocke_, a bell.]

CLOCK, klok, _n._ an ornament worked on the side of a stocking.--_adj._

CLOCKED, ornamented with clocks.

CLOCK, klok, _n._ a beetle--common name in Scotland.

CLOCK, klok, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to cluck: to hatch.--_n._ CLOCK'ER, a

clocking hen. [A.S. _cloccian_; Dut. _klokken_.]

CLOD, klod, _n._ a thick round mass or lump, that sticks together, esp. of

earth or turf: a concreted mass: the ground: the body of man, as formed of

clay: a stupid fellow.--_v.t._ to pelt.--_v.i._ to throw clods: (_Scot._)

to throw:--_pr.p._ clod'ding; _pa.p._ clod'ded.--_adjs._ CLOD'DISH;

CLOD'DY, abounding in clods: earthy.--_n._ CLOD'HOPPER, a countryman: a

peasant: a dolt.--_adj._ CLODHOP'PING, boorish.--_adv._ CLOD'LY.--_ns._

CLOD'PATE, CLOD'POLL, a stupid fellow.--_adj._ CLODPAT'ED, stupid. [A later

form of CLOT.]

CLOFF, klof, _n._ a cleft. [Cf. Ice. _klof_.]

CLOFF, klof, _n._ an allowance, on buying goods wholesale, of 2 lb. in

every 3 cwt., after tare and tret have been deducted. [Der. unknown.]

CLOG, klog, _n._ a piece of wood: anything hindering motion: an

obstruction: an impediment: a shoe with a wooden sole.--_v.t._ to fasten a

piece of wood to: to accumulate in a mass and cause a stoppage: to

obstruct: to encumber: to put clogs on.--_ns._ CLOG'-AL'MANAC, an early

form of almanac having the indicating characters notched on wood, horn,

&c.; CLOG'-DANCE, a dance performed with clogs, the clatter keeping time to

the music.--_adj._ CLOGGED, encumbered.--_ns._ CLOG'GER, one who makes

clogs; CLOG'GINESS.--_adj._ CLOG'GY, lumpy, sticky. [Ety. dub.; prob.

related to CLAY; cf. Scot. _clag_, to cover with mud; _claggy_, muddy,

sticky.]

CLOISON, kloi'son, _n._ a partition, dividing fillet or band.--_n._

CLOI'SONNAGE, the process of executing cloisonné work.--_adj._ CLOISONNÉ,

partitioned--of a surface decoration in enamel, the outlines of the design

formed by small fillets of metal, the interstices filled with coloured

enamel paste, vitrified.--_n._ work of this kind. [Fr.]

CLOISTER, klois't[.e]r, _n._ a covered arcade forming part of a monastic or

collegiate establishment: a place of religious retirement, a monastery or

nunnery: an enclosed place.--_v.t._ to confine in a cloister: to confine

within walls.--_adjs._ CLOIS'TERAL, CLOIS'TRAL, CLAUS'TRAL, pertaining or

confined to a cloister: secluded; CLOIS'TERED, dwelling in

cloisters.--_ns._ CLOIS'TERER, one belonging to a cloister;

CLOIS'TER-GARTH, the court or yard enclosed by a cloister; CLOIS'TRESS

(_Shak._), a nun.--THE CLOISTER, the monastic life. [O. Fr. _cloistre_

(A.S. _clauster_)--L. _claustrum_--_claud[)e]re_, _clausum_, to shut.]

CLOKE, kl[=o]k, _n._ Same as CLOAK.

CLOMB, kl[=o]m, old _pa.t._ of CLIMB.

CLONIC, klon'ik, _adj._ pertaining to clonus, with alternate convulsive

contractions and relaxations of the muscles (of spasms)--opp. to

_Tonic_.--_n._ CL[=O]'NUS, a clonic spasm. [Gr.]

CLOOP, kloop, _n._ the sound made when the cork is drawn from a bottle.

[From the sound.]

CLOOT, kloot, _n._ a cloven hoof: (_pl._) the devil.--_n._ CLOOT'IE, the

devil, because of his cloven hoof. [Scot.; ety. dub.]

CLOSE, kl[=o]s, _adj._ shut up: with no opening: confined, unventilated:

stifling: narrow: stingy: near, in time or place: intimate: compact, as

opposed to _discursive_: crowded: hidden: reserved: private:

secret.--_adv._ in a close manner: tightly; nearly: densely.--_n._ an

enclosed place: a small enclosed field: a narrow passage of a street: the

precinct of a cathedral.--_adjs._ CLOSE'-BAND'ED, closely united;

CLOSE'-BARRED, firmly closed; CLOSE'-BOD'IED, fitting close to the

body.--_n._ CLOSE'-CORPOR[=A]'TION, a corporation which fills up its own

vacancies, without outside interference.--_adjs._ CLOSE'-FIST'ED,

CLOSE'-HAND'ED, penurious, covetous; CLOSE'-GRAINED, with the fibres, &c.,

close together, compact; CLOSE'-HAULED, noting the trim of a ship when

sailing as near as possible to the wind.--_adv._ CLOSE'LY.--_ns._

CLOSE'NESS; CLOSE'-STOOL, a chamber utensil enclosed in a box or stool;

CLOSE'-SEA'SON, CLOSE'-TIME, a time of the year when it is against the law

to kill certain animals, esp. game.--_adj._ CLOSE'-TONGUED (_Shak._),

cautious in speaking. [Fr. _clos_, shut--L. _claud[)e]re_, _clausum_, to

shut.]

CLOSE, kl[=o]z, _v.t._ to make close: to draw together and unite: to

finish.--_v.i._ to come together: to grapple: to come to an end

(_with_).--_n._ the manner or time of closing: a pause or stop: the end:

junction: (_Shak._) encounter.--_ns._ CLOS'ER, one who concludes; CLOS'ING,

enclosing: ending: agreement; CLOS'URE, the act of closing: the end: the

stopping of a debate in the House of Commons by the vote of the

House.--CLOSE A BARGAIN, to make an agreement; CLOSE WITH, to accede to: to

grapple with.--WITH CLOSED DOORS, in private, the public being excluded, as

in special cases in court, &c.

CLOSET, kloz'et, _n._ a small private room: a recess off a room: a privy:

the private chamber of a sovereign, an apartment for private audience or

council, or for private or domestic devotions.--_v.t._ to shut up in or

take into a closet: to conceal:--_pr.p._ clos'eting; _pa.p._

clos'eted.--_n._ BED'-CLOS'ET, a small recess for a bed. [O. Fr. _closet_,

dim. of _clos_. See CLOSE.]

CLOT, klot, _n._ a mass of soft or fluid matter concreted, as

blood.--_v.i._ to form into clots: to coagulate:--_pr.p._ clot'ting;

_pa.p._ clot'ted.--_n._ CLOT'POLL (_Shak._), a clodpoll, a

blockhead.--_v.t._ CLOT'TER, to coagulate.--_ns._ CLOT'TINESS; CLOT'TING,

coagulation.--_adj._ CLOT'TY.--CLOTTED (also CLOUTED) CREAM, a famous

Devonshire dainty, skimmed off milk that has been 'scalded' or heated after

standing 24 hours, with a little sugar thrown on the top. [A.S. _clott_, a

clod of earth; cf. Dut. _klos_, block; Dan. _klods_; Ger. _klotz_.]

CLOTH, kloth, _n._ woven material from which garments or coverings are

made: clothing: the usual dress of a trade or profession, esp. the

clerical:--_pl._ CLOTHS.--_v.t._ CLOTHE (kl[=o]_th_), to cover with a

garment: to provide with clothes: (_fig._) to invest as with a garment: to

cover:--_pr.p._ cl[=o]th'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ cl[=o]thed or

clad.--_n.pl._ CLOTHES (kl[=o]_th_z, _coll._ kl[=o]z), garments or articles

of dress: blankets for a bed.--_ns._ CLOTHES'-BAS'KET, a large basket for

holding and carrying clothes; CLOTHES'-BRUSH, a brush for clothes;

CLOTHES'-HORSE, CLOTHES'-SCREEN, a frame for hanging clothes on to dry;

CLOTHES'-LINE, a rope or wire for hanging clothes on to dry; CLOTHES'-MOTH,

one of various tineas whose larvæ feed on furs, woollens, &c., spinning

cases out of these; CLOTHES'-PIN, a forked piece of wood to secure clothes

on a line; CLOTHES'-PRESS, a place for holding clothes; CLOTH'-HALL, a

cloth-exchange building or market; CLOTH'IER, one who makes or sells cloth;

CLOTH'ING, clothes, garments: covering; CLOTH'-YARD, formerly the yard by

which cloth was measured.--CLOTH OF GOLD, a tissue consisting of threads of

gold and silk or wool; CLOTH OF STATE, a canopy; CLOTH-YARD SHAFT, an arrow

a cloth-yard long.--CLOTHE IN WORDS, to express ideas in words; CLOTHE ON,

or UPON, to invest: to cover.--AMERICAN CLOTH, a kind of enamelled cloth,

used for covering chairs, &c.--THE CLOTH, the clerical profession: the

clergy. [A.S. _cláth_, cloth; Ger. _kleid_, a garment.]

CLOTURE, klot'[=u]r, _n._ Same as CLOSURE. [Fr. _clôture_--L.

_claud[)e]re_, _clausum_, to shut.]

CLOUD, klowd, _n._ a mass of fog, consisting of minute particles of water,

often in a frozen state, floating in the atmosphere: (_fig._) anything

unsubstantial: a great number or multitude of anything, as the New Test.

'cloud of witnesses:' anything that obscures, as a cloud: a dark spot on a

lighter material: a great volume of dust or smoke: anything gloomy,

overhanging, or bodeful.--_v.t._ to overspread with clouds: to darken: to

defame: to stain with dark spots or streaks.--_v.i._ to become clouded or

darkened.--_ns._ CLOUD'AGE; CLOUD'-BERR'Y, a low plant related to the

bramble, found on elevated moors in Britain, with an orange-red berry of

delightful flavour.--_adj._ CLOUD'-BUILT, made of clouds,

unsubstantial.--_n._ CLOUD'-BURST, a sudden flood of rain over a small

area.--_adjs._ CLOUD'-CAPT (_Shak._), capped with or touching the clouds;

CLOUD'-COMPEL'LING, driving or collecting the clouds, an epithet of

Jupiter; CLOUD'ED, hidden by clouds: (_fig._) darkened: indistinct:

variegated with spots, as a 'clouded cane,' &c.--_n._ CLOUD'ERY.--_adv._

CLOUD'ILY.--_ns._ CLOUD'INESS; CLOUD'ING, a cloudy appearance.--_adj._

growing dim.--_adjs._ CLOUD'-KISS'ING (_Shak._), touching the clouds;

CLOUD'LESS, unclouded, clear.--_adv._ CLOUD'LESSLY.--_n._ CLOUD'LET, a

little cloud.--_adjs._ CLOUD'-TOPPED, covered with or touching the clouds;

CLOUD'Y, darkened with, or consisting of, clouds: obscure: gloomy: stained

with dark spots: (_coll._) 'shady.'--WAIT TILL THE CLOUDS ROLL BY, to wait

for more favourable circumstances.--UNDER A CLOUD, in trouble or disfavour.

[A.S. _clúd_, a hill, then a cloud, the root idea being a mass or ball.

CLOD and CLOT are from the same root.]

CLOUGH, kluf, or klow, _n._ a ravine: a valley. [Scot. _cleuch_; ety. dub.]

CLOUR, kl[=oo]r, _n._ a knock: a swelling caused by a knock.--_v.t._ to

knock: to raise a bump. [Scot.; cf. Ice. _klór_.]

CLOUT, klowt, _n._ a piece of cloth used for mending: a rag: a piece of

cloth used by archers to shoot at, then the shot itself: a blow: a

cuff.--_v.t._ to mend with a patch: to cover with a cloth: to

cuff.--_p.adj._ CLOUT'ED (_Shak._), heavy and patched, as shoes having

nails in the soles: covered with a clout.--_adj._ CLOUT'ERLY,

clownish.--_ns._ CLOUT'-NAIL, a large-headed nail used for the soles of

boots; CLOUT'-SHOE, a shoe having the sole protected by clout-nails. [A.S.

_clút_; cf. Ice. _klútr_, a kerchief; Dan. _klud_, rag.]

CLOUTED, klowt'ed, _p.adj._ clotted, as cream. [See CLOT.]

CLOVE, kl[=o]v, _pa.t._ of CLEAVE.--_n._ CLOVE'-HITCH (see HITCH.)

CLOVE, kl[=o]v, _n._ the unexpanded flower-bud of the clove-tree, a native

of the Moluccas, used as a spice.--_ns._ CLOVE'-GILL'YFLOWER, a

clove-scented species of pink; CLOVE'-PINK, a variety of pink which has an

odour like that of cloves. [Fr. _clou_, in full _clou de girofle_, nail of

the girofle, so called from the shape of the bud and its stalk--L.

_clavus_, a nail.]

CLOVEN, cl[=o]v'n, _p.adj._ split: divided.--_adjs._ CLOV'EN-FOOT'ED,

CLOV'EN-HOOFED, having the hoof divided, as the ox or sheep.--THE CLOVEN

HOOF, applied to any indication of devilish agency or temptation, from the

early representation of the devil with cloven hoofs--prob. from Pan, some

of whose characteristics he shares. [Pa.p. of CLEAVE, to divide.]

CLOVER, kl[=o]v'[.e]r, _n._ a genus of plants containing a great number of

species, natives chiefly of temperate climates, affording rich

pasturage.--_adj._ CLOV'ERED, covered with clover.--_n._ CLOV'ER-GRASS,

clover.--_adj._ CLOV'ERY, abounding in clover.--LIVE IN CLOVER, to live

luxuriously or in abundance. [A.S. _cláfre_; Dut. _klaver_; Dan. _klöver_;

Ger. _klee_.]

CLOWN, klown, _n._ a rustic or country-fellow: one with the rough manners

of a countryman: an ill-bred fellow: a fool or buffoon.--_ns._ CLOWN'ERY, a

clown's performance; CLOWN'ING, acting the clown.--_adj._ CLOWN'ISH, of or

like a clown: coarse and awkward: rustic.--_adv._ CLOWN'ISHLY.--_ns._

CLOWN'ISHNESS; CLOWN'SHIP. [Prob. conn. with CLOD, and CLOT.]

CLOY, kloi, _v.t._ to fill to loathing: to satiate: (_Spens._) to

gore:--_pr.p._ cloy'ing; _pa.p._ cloyed.--_adjs._ CLOYED, clagged:

cumbered; CLOY'ING, satiating; CLOY'LESS (_Shak._) that cannot cloy.--_n._

CLOY'MENT (_Shak._), satiety, surfeit.--_adj._ CLOY'SOME, satiating. [Fr.

_clouer_, to drive a nail into, to spike or stop, as a gun, from L.

_clavus_, a nail.]

CLOY, kloi, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to stroke with a claw. [Perh. a corr. of

CLAW.]

CLUB, klub, _n._ a heavy tapering stick, knobby or massy at one end, used

to strike with: a cudgel: a bat used in certain games: an instrument for

playing golf, variously with wooden heads, iron heads, and wooden heads

with brass soles: a bunch; one of the four suits of cards: a combination: a

clique, set: an association of persons for the joint study of literature,

politics, &c., or for social ends: an association of persons who possess a

building as a common resort for the members: a club-house, or the house

occupied by a club.--_v.t._ to beat with a club: to gather into a bunch: to

combine: to throw soldiers into confusion.--_v.i._ to join together for

some common end: to combine together: to share in a common

expense.--_adjs._ CLUB'BABLE, sociable; CLUBBED, like a club.--_n._

CLUB'BING, beating: combination: a disease in some plants.--_adj._

CLUB'BISH, given to clubs.--_ns._ CLUB'BISM, the club system; CLUB'BIST,

CLUB'-FOOT, a deformed foot.--_adj._ CLUB'-FOOT'ED.--_n._ CLUB'-GRASS, a

species of grass having a club-shaped articulation.--_v.t._ CLUB'-HAUL,

(_naut._), to tack by dropping the lee anchor and slipping the

cable.--_adj._ CLUB'HEAD'ED, having a thick head.--_ns._ CLUB'-HOUSE, a

house for the accommodation of a club; CLUB'-LAW, government by violence;

CLUB'-MAN, one who carries a club: a member of a club; CLUB'-MAS'TER, the

manager of, or purveyor for, a club; CLUB'-MOSS, one of the four genera of

_Lycopodiaceæ_; CLUB'-ROOM, the room in which a club meets; CLUB'-RUSH, a

plant of many varieties of the genus _Scripus_ or rush.--_n.pl._ CLUBS (see

CLUMPS). [Ice. and Sw. _klubba_; same root as CLUMP.]

CLUCK, kluk, _n._ the call of a hen to her chickens: any similar

sound.--_v.i._ to make the sound of a hen when calling on her

chickens.--_n._ CLUCK'ING, the noise made by a hen when calling her

chickens.--_adj._ that clucks. [From the sound, like Dut. _klokken_, Ger.

_glucken_, Dan. _klukke_.]

CLUE, kl[=oo] (see CLEW).--_adj._ CLUE'LESS, without trace.

CLUMBER, klumb'[.e]r, _n._ a kind of spaniel. [_Clumber_, in Notts, a seat

of the Duke of Newcastle.]

CLUMP, klump, _n._ a thick, short, shapeless piece of anything: a cluster

of trees or shrubs: a thick sole put on in addition.--_v.i._ to walk

heavily.--_v.t._ to put in a clump.--_n.pl._ CLUMPS, a parlour game of

question and answer--also CLUBS.--_adj._ CLUMP'Y, abounding in clumps:

heavy. [Prob. Scand.; Dan. _klump_, a lump. Cf. Ger. _klump_, and CLUB.]

CLUMSY, klum'zi, _adj._ shapeless: ill-made: unwieldy: awkward:

ungainly.--_adj._ CLUM'SILY.--_n._ CLUM'SINESS. [M. E. _clomsen_, to be

stiff or benumbed; most prob. Scand.; allied to CLAMP.]

CLUNCH, klunsh, _n._ the miner's name for tough indurated clay, sometimes

found in the coal-measures. [Ety. dub.; prob. related to CLUMP.]

CLUNG, klung, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of CLING.

CLUNK, klungk, _n._ the sound of a liquid coming out of a bottle when the

cork has been quickly drawn.--_v.i._ to make such a sound. [Scot.; from the

sound.]

CLUPEOID, kl[=oo]'p[=e]-oid, _n._ a kind of herring. [L. _clupea_, a kind

of fish.]

CLUSTER, klus't[.e]r, _n._ a number of things of the same kind growing or

joined together: a bunch: a mass: a crowd.--_v.i._ to grow or gather into

clusters.--_v.t._ to collect into clusters; to cover with

clusters.--_adjs._ CLUS'TERED, grouped; CLUS'TERING, CLUS'TERY.--CLUSTERED

COLUMN, a pier which consists of several columns or shafts clustered

together. [A.S. _clyster_; Low Ger. _kluster_; cf. CLOT.]

CLUTCH, kluch, _v.t._ to close the hand: to carry off: to hold firmly: to

seize or grasp.--_n._ a grasp; seizure.--_n.pl._ CLUTCH'ES, the hands or

paws: cruelty: rapacity. [M. E. _cloche_, _cloke_, claw; prob. allied to M.

E. _clechen_--A.S. _gelæccan_. Cf. LATCH.]

CLUTCH, kluch, _n._ (_prov._) a brood of chickens, a 'sitting' of

eggs.--_v.t._ to hatch.

CLUTTER, klut'[.e]r, _n._ confusion: stir: noise.--_v.i._ to crowd

together: to go about noisily.--_v.t._ to pack. [A variant of CLATTER.]

CLY, kl[=i], _v.t._ (_slang_) to seize, steal.--_ns._ CLY'-FAK'ER, a

pickpocket; CLY'-FAK'ING, pocket-picking. [Prob. related to CLAW; referred

by some to Dut. _kleed_, a garment, 'to fake a cly' = to take a garment.]

CLYPEUS, klip'[=e]-us, _n._ the shield-like part of an insect's

head.--_adjs._ CLYP'[=E]AL, CLYP'[=E]ATE, CLYP'[=E]IFORM, in the shape or

form of a shield. [L. _clipeus_, _clypeus_, a shield.]

CLYSTER, klis't[.e]r, _n._ a liquid injected into the intestines to wash

them out.--_n._ CLYS'TER-PIPE (_Shak._), a pipe or syringe for injecting a

clyster. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _klyzein_, to wash out.]

CNIDA, kn[=i]'da, _n._ one of the thread-cells of the _Coelenterata_,

whence is their power of stinging:--_pl._ CN[=I]'DÆ. [Late L.,--Gr.

_knid[=e]_, a nettle.]

CO., k[=o], an abbreviation for COMPANY.

CO-, k[=o], a common prefix, signifying jointness, accompaniment,

connection. [L. _cum_, with.]

COACH, k[=o]ch, _n._ a large, close, four-wheeled carriage: a private

tutor: a professional trainer in athletics.--_v.t._ to carry in a coach: to

tutor, instruct, prepare others for, as an examination or a rowing contest,

&c.--_v.t._ to study under a tutor.--_ns._ COACH'-BOX, the seat on which

the driver of a coach sits; COACH'DOG, a spotted dog, kept chiefly as an

attendant on coaches, called also _Dalmatian Dog_; COACH'EE, COACH'Y, a

coachman; COACH'-FELL'OW, a yoke-fellow, comrade; COACH'-HIRE, money paid

for the use of a hired coach; COACH'-HORSE, a horse used for drawing a

coach; COACH'-HOUSE, a house to keep a coach in; COACH'ING, travelling by

coach: tutoring: instruction; COACH'MAN, the driver of a coach;

COACH'-OFF'ICE, a booking-office for passengers and parcels by stage-coach;

COACH'-STAND, a place where coaches stand for hire; COACH'-WHEEL;

COACH'-WHIP.--_adj._ COACH'Y, pertaining to a coach. [Fr. _coche_--Hung.

_kocsi_ (pron. kot'shi), from _Kocs_, a place south of Komorn.]

COACT, k[=o]-akt', _v.i._ (_Shak._) to act together.--_adj._ COACT'IVE

(_Shak._), acting together.--_n._ COACTIV'ITY.

COACT, k[=o]-akt', _v.t._ to compel.--_n._ COAC'TION, compulsion.--_adj._

COACT'IVE, compulsory. [L. _cog[)e]re_, _coactum_, to compel.]

COADJACENT, k[=o]-ad-j[=a]s'ent, _adj._ contiguous.--_n._ COADJAC'ENCY.

[CO- and ADJACENT.]

COADJUTANT, k[=o]-ad-j[=oo]'tant, or ko-ad'joo-tant, _adj._ mutually

helping or assisting.--_n._ one of several who help another.--_ns._

COADJU'TOR, a helper or assistant: an associate:--_fem._ COADJU'TRESS,

COADJU'TRIX; COADJU'TORSHIP. [L. _co_, with, _adjutor_, a helper--_ad_, to,

_juv-[=a]re_, to help.]

COADUNATE, k[=o]-ad'[=u]-n[=a]t, _v.t._ to unite: to combine.--_n._

COADUN[=A]'TION.--_adj._ COAD'UN[=A]TIVE. [CO-, and L. _adun[=a]re_,

_-[=a]tum_, to unite.]

CO-AGENCY, k[=o]-[=a]'jen-si, _n._ agency with another.--_n._ CO-[=A]'GENT,

one acting with another.

COAGULATE, k[=o]-ag'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to make to curdle or

congeal.--_v.i._ to curdle or congeal.--_adj._ clotted: congealed.--_n._

COAGULABIL'ITY.--_adj._ COAG'ULABLE.--_ns._ COAG[=U]'LANT, a substance

which causes coagulation, as rennet; COAGUL[=A]'TION.--_adjs._

COAG'UL[=A]TIVE; COAG'UL[=A]TORY.--_n._ COAG'ULUM, what is coagulated. [L.

_coagul[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, _co-_, together, _ag-[)e]re_, to drive.]

COAITA, k[=o]-[=i]'ta, _n._ a small South American monkey--the red-faced

Spider Monkey.

COAL, k[=o]l, _n._ a solid, black, combustible substance used for fuel, dug

out of the earth: cinder.--_v.i._ to take in coal.--_v.t._ to supply with

coal.--_n._ COAL'-BED, a stratum of coal.--_adj._ COAL'-BLACK, black as

coal, very black.--_ns._ COAL'-BOX, a box for holding coal; COAL'-BRASS, a

name applied to the pyrites in the coal-measures; COAL'FIELD, a field or

district containing coal strata; COAL'-FISH, a fish of the cod family, so

named from the black colour of its back; COAL'-GAS, the mixture of gases

produced by the destructive distillation of coal, chiefly carburetted

hydrogen--giving the gaslight in common use; COAL'-HEAV'ER, one employed in

carrying coal; COAL'-HOUSE, a covered-in place for keeping coal; COAL'MAN,

one who has to do with coals; COAL'-MAS'TER, the owner or lessee of a

coalfield; COAL'-MEAS'URE, a measure by which the quantity of coal is

ascertained: (_pl._) the group of carboniferous strata in which coal is

found (_geol._); COAL'-MINE, COAL'-PIT, a pit or mine from which coal is

dug; COAL'-OWN'ER, one who owns a colliery; COAL'-PLANT, a fossil plant of

the carboniferous strata; COAL'-SCUTT'LE, a vessel for holding coal;

COAL'-TAR, or _Gas-tar_, a thick, black, opaque liquid which condenses in

the pipes when coal or petroleum is distilled; COAL'-TRIM'MER, one who

stores or shifts coal on board vessels; COAL'-WHIP'PER, one employed in

unloading coal from vessels at anchor to barges which convey it to the

wharves.--_adj._ COAL'Y, of or like coal.--COALING STATION, a port at which

steamships take in coal; COAL-SCUTTLE BONNET, a woman's bonnet, shaped like

a coal-scuttle upside down.--BLIND or ANTHRACITE COAL, that which does not

flame when kindled; BITUMINOUS COAL, that which does; BROWN COAL (see

BROWN); CAKING COAL, a bituminous coal which cakes or fuses into one mass

in the fire; CANNEL or PARROT COAL (see CANNEL); CHERRY or SOFT COAL, coal

breaking off easily into small, irregular cubes, having beautiful shining

lustre; SPLINT, HARD, or BLOCK COAL, plentiful in Scotland, hard, breaking

into cuboidal blocks.--BLOW THE COALS, to excite passion; CARRY COALS TO

NEWCASTLE, to take a thing where it is least needed; HAUL OVER THE COALS,

reprimand--from the discipline applied to heretics; HEAP COALS OF FIRE ON

THE HEAD, to excite remorse by returning good for evil (Rom. xii. 20).

[A.S. _col_; cog. with Ice. _kol_, Ger. _kohle_.]

COALESCE, k[=o]-al-es', _v.i._ to grow together or unite into one body: to

associate.--_adj._ COALES'CENT, uniting.--_n._ COALES'CENCE, union. [L.

_coalesc[)e]re_, _co-_, together, and _alesc[)e]re_, to grow up.]

COALITION, k[=o]-al-ish'un, _n._ act of coalescing, or uniting into one

body: a union of persons, states, &c., which agree to sink their

differences and act in common: alliance.--_v.i._ C[=O]'ALISE, to make an

alliance.--_n._ COALI'TIONIST, one of a coalition.

COAMINGS, k[=o]m'ingz, _n.pl._ (_naut._) raised work about the edges of the

hatches of a ship to prevent the water from running into the apartments

below. [Der. unknown.]

COAPTATION, ko-ap-t[=a]'shun, _n._ adaptation of parts to each other. [L.]

COARB. See COMARB.

COARCTATE, k[=o]-ark't[=a]t, _adj._ compressed.--_n._ COARCT[=A]'TION. [L.

_coart[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to compress together.]

COARSE, k[=o]rs, _adj._ rough: rude: uncivil: vulgar: harsh: gross.--_adj._

COARSE'-GRAINED, coarse in the grain, as wood: (_fig._) inelegant,

gross.--_adv._ COARSE'LY.--_v.t._ COARS'EN, to make coarse.--_n._

COARSE'NESS.--_adj._ COARS'ISH, somewhat coarse. [From phrase 'in course,'

hence _ordinary_.]

COAST, k[=o]st, _n._ side or border of land next the sea: the seashore:

limit or border of a country.--_v.i._ to sail along or near a coast: to

travel downhill on a bicycle with the feet on the foot-rests.--_v.t._ to

sail by or near to.--_ns._ COAST'ER, a vessel that sails along the coast;

COAST'-GUARD, a body of men organised to act as a guard along the coast,

originally intended to prevent smuggling.--_adj._ COAST'ING, keeping near

the coast: trading between ports in the same country.--_n._ the act of

sailing, or of trading, along the coast: advances towards acquaintance,

courtship: riding downhill on a bicycle with the feet up.--_ns._

COAST'-LINE, the line or boundary of a coast: shore-line; COAST'-WAIT'ER, a

custom-house officer who waits upon and superintends the cargoes of vessels

engaged in the coasting trade.--_advs._ COASTWARD, -S, toward the coast;

COAST'WISE, along the coast.--_adj._ carried on along the coast. [O. Fr.

_coste_ (Fr. _côte_)--L. _costa_, a rib, side.]

COAT, k[=o]t, _n._ a kind of outer garment: the hair or wool of a beast:

vesture or habit: any covering: a garment worn by women and children, and

hanging from the waist downwards: a membrane or layer, such as paint, &c.:

a coat of arms.--_v.t._ to clothe: to cover with a coat or layer.--_ns._

COAT'-ARM'OUR, coat of arms: armorial devices; COAT'-CARD, a card bearing

the representation of a coated figure, the king, queen, or knave--now, less

correctly, called _Court-card_; COATEE', a close-fitting coat with short

tails; COAT'ING, a covering: cloth for coats.--COAT OF ARMS, the family

insignia embroidered on the surcoat worn over the hauberk, or coat of mail:

the heraldic bearings of a gentleman; COAT OF MAIL, a piece of armour for

the upper part of the body, made of metal scales or rings linked one with

another.--TURN ONE'S COAT, to change one's principles, or to turn from one

party to another. [O. Fr. _cote_ (Fr. _cotte_)--Low L. _cottus_, _cotta_, a

tunic; the further ety. is uncertain.]

COATI, k[=o]-ä'ti, or k[=o]'a-ti, _n._ an American plantigrade carnivorous

mammal allied to the raccoons.--Also COÄ'TI-MUN'DI. [Tupi.]

COAX, k[=o]ks, _v.t._ to persuade by fondling or flattery: to humour or

soothe: to pet.--_ns._ COAX, COAX'ER, one who coaxes.--_adv._ COAX'INGLY.

[M. E. _cokes_, a simpleton; of obscure origin.]

CO-AXIAL, k[=o]-ak'si-al, _adj._ having the same axis.--_adv._ COAX'IALLY.

COB, kob, _n._ a head of maize: a short-legged strong horse for heavy

weights: a male swan--also COB'-SWAN.--_ns._ COB'LOAF, a large loaf:

(_Shak._) an expression of contempt; COB'NUT, a large variety of the

hazel-nut: a game played by children with nuts. [Prob. conn. with COP.]

COB, kob, _n._ a kind of composition of clay and straw for building.--_n._

COB'-WALL, a wall built of this.

COB, kob, _v.t._ to strike, to thump the buttocks.

COBALT, k[=o]'bawlt, _n._ a metal the ores of which are sparingly

distributed--in the metallic state found in meteoric stones or aerolites,

generally occurring combined with arsenic: a blue pigment, prepared from

the foregoing--also C[=O]'BALT-BLUE.--_adj._ of this deep-blue

colour.--_adjs._ COBALT'IC; COBALTIF'EROUS.--_n._ C[=O]'BALTITE, a

sulpharsenide of cobalt. [Ger. _kobalt_, from _kobold_, a demon, a nickname

given by the German miners, because they supposed it to be a mischievous

and hurtful metal.]

COBBLE, kob'l, _n._ a stone worn smooth by water.--_n._ COBB'LE-STONE, a

rounded stone used in paving.--_v.t._ to pave with such. [Ety. dub.]

COBBLE, kob'l, _v.t._ to patch up or mend coarsely, as shoes.--_ns._

COBB'LER, one who cobbles or mends shoes: a drink made up of wine, sugar,

&c., and sucked through a straw; COBBLER'S PUNCH, a warm drink made of

beer, with the addition of spirit, sugar, and spice. [Der. unknown.]

CO-BELLIGERENT, k[=o]-be-lij'e-rent, _adj._ and _n._ co-operating in

warfare.

COBLE, COBBLE, kob'l, _n._ a small flat-bottomed fishing-boat. [Cf. W.

_ceubal_, a hollow trunk, a boat.]

COBRA, COBRA DA CAPELLO, k[=o]'bra da ka-pel'o, _n._ a poisonous snake,

native of the East Indies, which dilates the back and sides of the neck so

as to resemble a hood. [Port., lit. 'snake of the hood.']

COBURG, k[=o]'burg, _n._ a thin fabric of worsted with cotton or silk,

twilled on one side. [_Coburg_, a town in Germany.]

COBWEB, kob'web, _n._ the spider's web or net: any snare or device intended

to entrap: anything flimsy or easily broken: anything that obscures.--_n._

COBWEB'BERY.--_adj._ COB'WEBBY. [Prob. shortened from M. E.

_atter-cop-web_--A.S. _átor_, poison, and _coppa_--W. _cop_, a head, tuft.

See also WEB.]

COCA, k[=o]'ka, _n._ a shrub of six or eight feet high, of which the leaves

furnish an important narcotic and stimulant.--_ns._ COCAINE (k[=o]'kä-in),

a local anæsthetic made from coca-leaves, and much used in dentistry and

surgical operations; COCAINIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ C[=O]'CAINISE.--_n._

C[=O]'CAINISM, a morbid condition induced by over-use of cocaine.

[Sp.,--Peruv.]

COCAGNE, COCAIGNE. Same as COCKAIGNE.

COCCIFEROUS, kok-sif'[.e]r-us, _adj._ berry-bearing. [L. _coccum_ (--Gr.

_kokkos_), a berry, and _ferre_, to bear.]

COCCOLITE, kok'[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a variety of pyroxene: a small rounded

body found in deep-sea mud.--Also COCC'OLITH. [Gr. _kokkos_, a berry,

_lithos_, a stone.]

COCCUS, kok'us, _n._ one of the carpels or seed-vessels of a dry fruit:

(_zool._) a genus of insects in the order _Hemiptera_, and type of a family

including many forms injurious to plants, and a few others useful to

man.--_n._ COCC'ULUS, a tropical genus of climbing plants

(_Menispermaceæ_).--COCCULUS INDICUS, a drug consisting of the dried fruit

of _Anamirta cocculus_, having narcotic and poisonous properties--yielding

_picrotoxin_. [L.,--Gr. _kokkos_, a berry.]

COCCYX, kok'siks, _n._ (_anat._) the lower bone of the vertebral

column:--_pl._ COC'CYGES.--_adjs._ COCCYG'[=E]AL, COCCYG'IAN. [Gr.

_kokkyx_, the cuckoo, from its bill.]

COCH, koch, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as COACH.

COCHIN, k[=o]'chin, _n._ a large-sized variety of the domestic hen, with

feathered legs, full breast, small tail.--_n._ C[=O]'CHIN-CHIN'A, a

large-sized hen originally from _Cochin-China_.--_adj._

C[=O]'CHIN-CHINESE'.

COCHINEAL, koch'i-n[=e]l, _n._ a scarlet dye-stuff consisting of the dried

bodies of certain insects gathered from the cactus plant in Mexico, the

West Indies, &c.: the insect itself. [Sp. _cochinilla_, dim. of L.

_coccinus_--Gr. _kokkos_, a berry, as the cochineal was formerly supposed

to be the berry or seed of the plant.]

COCHLEA, kok'le-a, _n._ a spiral-shaped shell, esp. the snail-shell:

(_anat._) the spiral cavity of the ear.--_adjs._ COCHLEAR'IFORM;

COCH'LEARY, COCH'LE[=A]TE, COCH'LE[=A]TED, twisted. [L.,--Gr. _kochlias_, a

snail.]

COCK, kok, _n._ the male of birds, particularly of the domestic fowl: the

time of cock-crowing: a weathercock: a plucky chap, a term of familiarity,

as 'Old cock:' a strutting chief or leader: anything set erect: a tap for

liquor: part of the lock of a gun, held back by a spring, which, when

released by the trigger, produces the discharge.--_v.t._ to set erect or

upright: to set up, as the hat: to draw back the cock of a gun: to turn up

to one side: to tilt up knowingly, inquiringly, or scornfully.--_v.i._ to

strut: to swagger.--_ns._ COCK[=A]DE', a knot of ribbons or something

similar worn on the hat as a badge; COCKAL[=O]'RUM, a bumptious little

person: a boy's game; COCK'-BROTH, the broth made from a boiled cock;

COCK'CHAFER, the May-bug, an insect of a pitchy-black colour, most

destructive to vegetation; COCK'-CROW, -ING, early morning, the time at

which cocks crow.--_adj._ COCKED, set erect: turned up at one side.--_ns._

COCK'ER, one who follows cock-fighting: a small dog of the spaniel kind

employed by sportsmen in pheasant and woodcock shooting; COCK'EREL, a young

cock: a young man--also COCK'LE, whence COCK'LE-BRAINED, foolish;

COCK'-EYE, a squinting eye: the loop by which a trace is attached to the

whipple-tree.--_adj._ COCK'-EYED.--_ns._ COCK'-FIGHT, -ING, a fight or

contest between game-cocks: a fight; COCK'-HORSE, a child's

rocking-horse.--_adj._ prancing, proud.--_adv._ properly _a-cock-horse_ =

_on cock-horse_, on horseback: exultingly.--_ns._ COCK'LAIRD (_Scot._), a

yeoman; COCK'LOFT, the room in a house next the roof; COCK'-MATCH, a

cock-fight; COCK'PIT, a pit or enclosed space where game-cocks fought: a

room in a ship-of-war for the wounded during an action; COCK'ROACH, the

common black beetle; COCKS'COMB, the comb or crest on a cock's head: a fop:

the name of various plants; COCK'SHUT (_Shak._), twilight, probably

referring to the time when poultry are shut up; COCK'-SHY, a free throw at

a thing, as for amusement.--_adj._ COCK'-SURE, quite sure, often without

cause.--_n._ COCK'SWAIN (see COXSWAIN).--_adjs._ COCK'SY, COX'Y,

bumptious.--_n._ COCK'TAIL, a racing horse that is not thoroughbred: one

who apes the gentleman: (_U.S._) a drink of spirits flavoured with various

ingredients.--_adjs._ COCK'TAILED, having the tail cocked or tilted up;

COCK'Y, impudent.--_ns._ COCK'Y-LEEK'Y, soup made of a fowl boiled with

leeks; COCK'YOLLY, a nursery or pet name for a bird.--COCK-A-DOODLE-DOO,

the cry of the cock; COCK-A-HOOP, a phrase expressing reckless exultation;

COCK AND PIE, used as an exclamation (see PIE, 2); COCKED HAT, the

old-fashioned three-cornered hat, the triangular pointed hat worn as part

of some full-dress uniforms: a note folded into a three-cornered shape;

COCK OF THE WALK, chief of a set; COCK'S-FOOT GRASS, a genus of grasses

very abundant in Britain, and furnishing an important part of both natural

and artificial pastures; COCK THE EYE (_coll., humorous_), to wink.--A

COCK-AND-BULL STORY, an incredible tale.--FULL-COCK, when the cock of a gun

is drawn full back: when a tap is full open; HALF-COCK, the position of the

cock of a gun when drawn back half the whole distance.--KNOCK INTO A COCKED

HAT, 'to lick out of shape:' to give a profound beating. [A.S. _coc_; Ice.

_kokkr_.]

COCK, kok, _n._ a small pile of hay.--_adj._ COCKED, heaped up in cocks.

[Sw. _koka_, a lump of earth; Dut. _kogel_; Ger. _kugel_, a ball.]

COCK, kok, _n._ (_Shak._) a cock-boat. Now COCK-BOAT.

COCK, perversion of the word _God_.--COCK AND PIE (see PIE, 2).

COCK-A-BON'DY, kok-a-bon'di, _n._ a fly for angling. [A corr. of Welsh

_coch a bon ddu_, red, with black stem.]

COCKAIGNE, COCKAYNE, kok-[=a]n', _n._ an imaginary country of luxury and

delight. [Ety. dub.; Fr. _cocagne_, acc. to some from L. _coqu[)e]re_, to

cook.]

COCKATOO, kok-a-t[=oo]', _n._ a popular name for several genera and species

of parrots. [Malay, _kakatúa_, prob. from its cry.]

COCKATRICE, kok'a-tr[=i]s, _n._ a fabulous monster like a serpent, often

confounded with the Basilisk (q.v.), and regarded as possessing similar

deadly powers. [O. Fr. _cocatrice_.]

COCK-BOAT, kok'-b[=o]t, _n._ a small ship's boat: a small frail boat. [See

COG, a small boat.]

COCKER, kok'[.e]r, _v.t._ to pamper: to fondle: to indulge. [Ety. dub.; cf.

Dut. _kokelen_, O. Fr. _coqueliner_, to dandle.]

COCKERNONY, kok'[.e]r-non-i, _n._ (_Scot._) the gathering of a young

woman's hair, when it is wrapped up in a band or fillet, commonly called a

'snood' (_Jamieson_).

COCKET, kok'et, _n._ the custom-house official seal: a document given by

the officers of the custom-house to merchants, as a warrant that their

goods are duly entered: the office where such goods are entered. [Perh. a

corr. of the words _quo quietus_.]

COCKLE, kok'l, _n._ a troublesome weed among corn, with a purple flower.

[A.S. _coccel_.]

COCKLE, kok'l, _n._ a large and typical genus of bivalve molluscs, having a

thick, ribbed, heart-shaped, equal-valved shell.--_adj._ COCK'LED, shelled

like a cockle.--_ns._ COCK'LE-HAT, a hat bearing a scallop-shell, the badge

of a pilgrim; COCK'LE-SHELL, the shell of a cockle: a frail boat.--THE

COCKLES OF THE HEART, the heart itself. [Fr. _coquille_--Gr.

_kongchylion_--_kongch[=e]_, a cockle.]

COCKLE, kok'l, _v.i._ to pucker into wrinkles or ridges.--_v.t._ to cause

to pucker.

COCKLE, kok'l, _n._ the fire-chamber of an air-stove.

COCKNEY, kok'ne, _n._ (_Shak._) an affected, effeminate person, knowing the

manners of the town, but a stranger to what every child else knows: a

townsman as opposed to a countryman: one born in London, but strictly in a

particular part of London.--_ns._ COCK'NEYDOM, the domain of Cockneys;

COCKNEYFIC[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ COCK'NEYFY, to make Cockney.--_adj._

COCK'NEYISH.--_n._ COCK'NEYISM, the dialect or manners of a Cockney.--THE

COCKNEY SCHOOL, a school of writers belonging to London, who flourished in

the first half of the nineteenth century. [M. E. _coken-ey_, prob. lit.

'cock's egg;' cf. Fr. _coco_, an egg, a darling, a chap. Others would

connect with Fr. _coquin_, a rogue--L. _coquus_, a cook.]

COCO, COCOA, k[=o]'k[=o], _n._ a palm-tree growing in tropical countries,

and producing the coco-nut.--_ns._ C[=O]'CO-NUT, C[=O]'COA-NUT, the

well-known fruit of the coco-palm: (_slang_) a man's head. [Port. and Sp.

_coco_, a bugbear; applied to the nut from the three marks at the end of

it, which form a grotesque face.]

COCOA, k[=o]'k[=o], _n._ the seed of the cacao or chocolate tree: a

beverage made from the seeds crushed and ground. [A corr. of CACAO.]

COCOON, ko-k[=oo]n', _n._ the silken sheath spun by the larvæ of many

insects in passing into the pupa or resting stage.--_n._ COCOON'ERY, a

place for keeping silkworms when feeding and spinning cocoons. [Fr.

_cocon_, from _coque_, a shell--L. _concha_, a shell.]

COCTION, kok'shun, _n._ the act of boiling or cooking.--_adj._ COC'TILE,

baked: hardened by fire, as a brick. [L. _coqu[)e]re_, _coctum_, to boil,

to cook.]

COD, kod, CODFISH, kod'fish, _n._ a species of fish much used as food,

found in the northern seas.--_ns._ COD'-FISHER; COD'-FISH'ERY;

COD'-FISH'ING; COD'LING, a small cod.--COD-LIVER OIL, a medicinal oil

extracted from the fresh liver of the common cod. [Ety. dub.]

COD, kod, _n._ a husk or shell containing seeds: the scrotum.--_adjs._

COD'DED, enclosed in a cod; COD'DING (_Shak._), wanton.--_n._ COD'-PIECE, a

baggy appendage worn in front of the tight hose of the middle ages. [A.S.

_codd_, a small bag.]

COD, kod, _n._ (_Scot._), a pillow. [Old Dan. _kodde_, Ice. _koddi_, a

pillow.]

COD, kod, _n._ (_slang_) applied to persons, with various meanings: a

joke.--_v.t._ to impose on. [Ety. dub.; conn. with CODGER.]

CODDLE, kod'l, _v.t._ to pamper: to fondle: to parboil.--_n._ an effeminate

person. [Ety. dub.]

CODE, k[=o]d, _n._ a collection or digest of laws: a system of rules and

regulations: a system of signs used in the army.--_ns._ CODIFIC[=A]'TION;

CODI'F[=I]ER, COD'IST, one who codifies.--_v.t._ COD'IFY, to put into the

form of a code: to digest: to systematise:--_pr.p._ cod'ifying; _pa.p._

cod'ified.--CODE TELEGRAM, a telegram whose text in itself has no meaning,

but where the words are merely arbitrary symbols for other words known to

the receiver.--THE CODE, esp. the rules and regulations regarding

government schools and teachers. [Fr. _code_--L. _codex_.]

CODEX, k[=o]'deks, _n._ a code: a manuscript volume:--_pl._ CODICES

(kod'i-s[=e]z). [L. _codex_ or _caudex_, the trunk of a tree, a set of

tablets, a book.]

CODGER, koj'[.e]r, _n._ a mean fellow: an old person: a chap. [Prob. a

variant of CADGER.]

CODICIL, kod'i-sil, _n._ a short writing or note added as a supplement to a

will.--_adj._ CODICILL'ARY. [L. _codicillus_, dim. of _codex_.]

CODILLA, k[=o]-dil'a, _n._ the coarsest part of hemp or flax, sorted out

and separated from the rest. [Dim. of It. _coda_--L. _cauda_, a tail.]

CODILLE, k[=o]-dil, _n._ a term at ombre when the player gets fewer tricks

than one of his opponents. [Fr.]

CODLING, kod'ling, CODLIN, kod'lin, _n._ a variety of apple.--_n._

COD'LIN-MOTH, the moth whose larvæ cause the 'worm-eaten' apples which fall

prematurely off. [Ety. dub.]

COEFFICIENT, k[=o]-ef-fish'ent, _n._ that which acts together with another

thing: (_math._) the numerical or literal factor prefixed to an unknown

quantity in any algebraic term.--_n._ COEFFI'CIENCY.--_adv._

COEFFI'CIENTLY.

COEHORN, COHORN, k[=o]'horn, _n._ a small mortar for throwing grenades.

[From Baron van _Coehoorn_ (1641-1704).]

COELENTERATA, s[=e]-len-ter-[=a]'ta, _n._ the technical name for the second

lowest alliance of many-celled animals--radially symmetrical, without any

body-cavity distinct from the alimentary tube.--_adj._ COELEN'TER[=A]TE.

[Gr. _koilos_, hollow, and _enteron_, intestine.]

COELIAC, s[=e]'li-ak, _adj._ relating to the belly. [L. _coeliacus_--Gr.

_koilia_, the belly.]

COEMPTION, ko-emp'shun, _n._ the purchasing of the whole of a commodity: in

Roman law, a mode of marriage under the fiction of a mutual sale. [CO-, and

L. _em[)e]re_, to buy.]

COENESTHESIS, s[=e]-nes-th[=e]'sis, _n._ the general bodily consciousness.

[Gr. _koinos_, common, _aisth[=e]sis_, perception.]

COENOBITE, CENOBITE, sen'o-b[=i]t, _n._ a monk who lives along with others

of a like mind with himself, in contradistinction to anchorites or

hermits.--_adjs._ COENOBIT'IC, -AL; CENOBIT'IC, -AL.--_ns._ COEN'OBITISM,

CEN'OBITISM; COEN[=O]'BIUM, a religious community. [Gr.

_koinobion_--_koinos_, common, and _bios_, life.]

COEQUAL, ko-[=e]'kwal, _adj._ equal with another person or thing: of the

same rank or dignity.--_n._ one of the same rank.--_n._

COEQUAL'ITY.--_adv._ CO[=E]'QUALLY.

COERCE, k[=o]-[.e]rs', _v.t._ to restrain by force: to compel.--_adj._

COER'CIBLE.--_adv._ COER'CIBLY.--_ns._ COER'CION, restraint: government by

force; COER'CIONIST.--_adj._ COER'CIVE, having power to coerce:

compelling.--_adv._ COER'CIVELY.--_n._ COER'CIVENESS. [L.

_coerc[=e]re_--_co-_, together, _arc[=e]re_, to shut in.]

CO-ESSENTIAL, k[=o]-es-sen'shal, _adj._ partaking of the same

essence.--_n._ CO-ESSENTIAL'ITY.

COETANEOUS, k[=o]-[=e]-t[=a]n'e-us, _adj._ of the same age: contemporary.

[CO-, and L. _ætas_, _ætatis_, age.]

CO-ETERNAL, k[=o]-[=e]-t[.e]r'nal, _adj._ equally eternal with

another.--_adv._ CO-ETER'NALLY.--_n._ CO-ETER'NITY.

COEVAL, k[=o]-[=e]'val, _adj._ of the same age.--_n._ one of the same age:

a contemporary. [L. _coævus_, _co-_, together, and _ævum_, age.]

CO-EXIST, k[=o]-egz-ist', _v.i._ to exist at the same time.--_n._

CO-EXIST'ENCE.--_adj._ CO-EXIST'ENT.

CO-EXTEND, k[=o]-eks-tend', _v.i._ to extend equally with.--_n._

CO-EXTEN'SION.--_adj._ CO-EXTEN'SIVE.

COFF, kof, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to buy.--_pa.p._ COFT.

COFFEE, kof'[=e], _n._ a drink made from the seeds of the coffee-tree, a

native of Arabia: the powder made by roasting and grinding the

seeds.--_ns._ COFF'EE-BEAN, the seed of the coffee-plant; COFF'EE-BERR'Y,

the fruit of the coffee-tree; COFF'EE-BUG, the _Lecanium coffeæ_,

destructive to the coffee-plant; COFF'EE-CUP, a cup for coffee;

COFF'EE-HOUSE, a house where coffee and other refreshments are sold;

COFF'EE-MILL, a small mill or machine for grinding coffee-beans;

COFF'EE-POT, a pot or vessel in which coffee is prepared and served;

COFF'EE-ROOM, a room in a hotel where coffee and other refreshments are

served. [Turk. _qahveh_--Ar. _qahwah_, orig. meaning wine.]

COFFER, kof'[.e]r, _n._ a chest for holding money or treasure: (_pl._) the

whole wealth of a person: a deep panel in a ceiling.--_v.t._ to hoard

up.--_n._ COFF'ERDAM, a water-tight structure used in engineering for

excluding the water from the foundations of bridges, quay walls, &c., so as

to allow of their being built dry.--_adj._ COFF'ERED. [O. Fr. _cofre_, a

chest--L. _cophinus_, a basket--Gr. _kophinos_.]

COFFIN, kof'in, _n._ the coffer or chest in which a dead body is

enclosed.--_v.t._ to place within a coffin.--_n._ COFF'IN-SHIP, a ship that

is unsound, and likely to prove fatal to those in it.--DRIVE A NAIL IN

ONE'S COFFIN, to do something tending to hasten death or ruin. [O. Fr.

_cofin_--L. _cophinus_--Gr. _kophinos_.]

COFFLE, kof'l, _n._ a gang, esp. of slaves. [Ar. _q[=a]filah_, a caravan.]

COG, kog, _v.t._ to cheat or deceive: to wheedle: to cog dice is to

manipulate them so that they may fall in a given way.--_n._ the act of

cheating: deception.--_p.adj._ COG'GING, cheating. [No doubt from the

succeeding word.]

COG, kog, _n._ a catch or tooth on a wheel.--_v.t._ to fix teeth in the rim

of a wheel: to stop a wheel by putting a block before it:--_pr.p._

cog'ging; _pa.p._ cogged.--_n._ COG'-WHEEL, a toothed wheel, whose teeth

fit into and move another. [M. E. _cogge_; ety. dub.; cf. Sw. _kugge_.]

COG, kog, _n._ formerly a large ship of burden or for war: a small boat: a

cock-boat. [M. E. _cogge_, perh. from O. Fr. _cogue_, a ship. Cf. Dan.

_kogge_, _kog_; Ice. _kuggi_.]

COGENT, k[=o]'jent, _adj._ powerful: convincing.--_ns._ C[=O]'GENCE,

C[=O]'GENCY, convincing power.--_adv._ C[=O]'GENTLY. [L. _cog[)e]re_,

_co-_, together, _ag[)e]re_, to drive.]

COGGIE, COGIE, kog'i, _n._ (_Scot._) a small wooden bowl.--Also COG. [Dim.

of COGUE (q.v.).]

COGGLE, kog'gl, _v.i._ to be unsteady.--_n._ a cobble, a round

stone.--_adv._ COG'GLY (_Scot._), shaky. [Cf. Ger. _kugel_, and Dut.

_kogel_.]

COGITATE, koj'i-t[=a]t, _v.i._ to turn a thing over in one's mind: to

meditate: to ponder.--_adj._ COG'ITABLE, capable of being thought.--_n._

COGIT[=A]'TION, deep thought: meditation.--_adj._ COG'IT[=A]TIVE, having

the power of thinking: given to cogitating. [L. _cogit[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_,

to think deeply, _co-_, together, and _agit[=a]re_, to put a thing in

motion.]

COGNAC, k[=o]'nyak, _n._ an excellent quality of French brandy, so called

because much of it is made near the town _Cognac_, in Charente.

COGNATE, kog'n[=a]t, _adj._ of the same family, kind, or nature: related or

allied to.--_n._ one related by blood, a kinsman: a person related to

another through the mother, as distinguished from an _agnate_, one related

through the father.--_n._ COGN[=A]'TION. [L. _cognatus_--_co-_, together,

_(g)nasci_, _(g)natus_, to be born.]

COGNITION, kog-nish'un, _n._ certain knowledge: apprehension.--_adj._

COG'NISABLE, that may be known or understood: that may be judicially

investigated.--_adv._ COG'NISABLY.--_ns._ COG'NISANCE, COG'NIZANCE,

knowledge or notice, judicial or private: observation: jurisdiction: that

by which one is known, a badge.--_adj._ COG'NISANT, having cognisance or

knowledge of.--_v.t._ COG'NISE, to become conscious of.--_adj._ COG'NITIVE,

capable of, or pertaining to, cognition.--HAVE COGNISANCE OF, to have

knowledge of. [L., from _cognosc[)e]re_, _cognitum_--_co-_, together, and

_nosc[)e]re_, _gnosc[)e]re_, to know.]

COGNOMEN, kog-n[=o]'men, _n._ a surname: a nickname: a name: the last of

the three names of an individual among the Romans, indicating the house or

family to which he belonged.--_adj._ COGNOM'INAL, like-named: relating to a

cognomen.--_v.t._ COGNOM'INATE, to name.--_n._ COGNOMIN[=A]'TION.

[L.,--_co-_, together, _nomen_, _gnomen_, a name--_nosc[)e]re_,

_gnosc[)e]re_, to know.]

COGNOSCE, kog-nos', _v.t._ (_Scots law_) to examine: to give judgment: to

declare to be an idiot.--_adj._ COGNOS'CIBLE. [L. _cognosc[)e]re_--_co-_,

together, and _nosc[)e]re_, to know.]

COGNOSCENTE, ko-nyo-shent'e, _n._ one professing a critical knowledge of

works of art, and of a somewhat more pretentious character than

amateurs:--_pl._ COGNOSCENTI (ko-nyo-shent'[=e]). [It.,--L.

_cognosc[)e]re_.]

COGNOVIT, kog-n[=o]'vit, _n._ (_law_) an acknowledgment by the defendant in

an action that the plaintiff's cause is just. [L. _cognovit actionem_, he

has confessed the action.]

COGUE, COG, k[=o]g, _n._ (_Scot._) a round wooden vessel for holding milk.

[Ety. dub.]

COHABIT, k[=o]-hab'it, _v.i._ to dwell together as husband and wife, often

of persons not married.--_ns._ COHAB'ITANT, one dwelling with others;

COHABIT[=A]'TION. [L. _cohabit[=a]re_--_co-_, together, _habit[=a]re_, to

dwell.]

CO-HEIR, k[=o]-[=a]r', _n._ a joint heir:--_fem._ CO-HEIR'ESS.

COHERE, k[=o]-h[=e]r', _v.i._ to stick together: to follow in proper

connection: to be consistent.--_ns._ COHER'ENCE, a sticking together: a

consistent connection between several parts: congruity; COHER'ENCY.--_adj._

COHER'ENT, sticking together: connected: consistent in thought or

speech.--_adv._ COHER'ENTLY.--_n._ COHER'ER, an apparatus for the reception

of the waves in 'wireless' telegraphy.--_adj._ COH[=E]'SIBLE, capable of

cohesion.--_n._ COH[=E]'SION, the act of sticking together: a form of

attraction by which particles of bodies stick together: logical

connection.--_adj._ COH[=E]'SIVE, having the power of cohering: tending to

unite into a mass.--_adv._ COH[=E]'SIVELY.--_ns._ COH[=E]'SIVENESS,

COHESIBIL'ITY. [L. _cohær[=e]re_, _cohæsum_, _co-_, together, and

_hær[=e]re_, to stick.]

COHORT, k[=o]'hort, _n._ among the Romans, a body of soldiers from 300 to

600 in number, forming a tenth part of a legion: a band of armed men: any

band of men. [Fr.,--L. _cohors_, an enclosed place, a multitude enclosed, a

company of soldiers.]

COHORTATIVE, k[=o]-hor'ta-tiv, _adj._ encouraging.--_n._ in Heb. grammar, a

lengthened form of the imperfect--also _Paragogic future_. [See PARAGOGE.]

COIF, koif, _n._ a covering for the head, esp. the close-fitting cap of

white lawn or silk originally worn by serjeants-at-law: a covering for the

head worn by women.--_v.t._ to provide with a coif: to dress (the

hair).--_ns._ COIFF'EUR, a hairdresser; COIFF'URE, a head-dress. [Fr.

_coiffe_--Low L. _cofia_, a cap, perh. Old High Ger. _chuppha_, a cap, Ger.

_kopf_.]

COIGN, koin, _n._ a corner or external angle: a corner-stone: a

wedge.--COIGN OF VANTAGE, a position of advantage, either for seeing or

acting. [COIN.]

COIL, koil, _v.t._ to wind in rings as a rope, a serpent, &c.: to twist: to

entangle.--_v.i._ to twist one's self.--_n._ a rope which has been gathered

into rings: one of the rings into which a rope is gathered: a wire wound

spirally to conduct electricity.--COIL UP, of a serpent, to get into a

position for springing: to gather into a ball. [O. Fr. _coillir_ (Fr.

_cueillir_)--L. _collig[)e]re_--_col_, together, _leg[)e]re_, to gather.]

COIL, koil, _n._ tumult: hubbub: noise: fuss.--MORTAL COIL, the toil and

trouble of human life. [Der. unknown; prob. Celt.; Gael. and Ir. _goill_,

war.]

COIN, koin, _n._ (_Shak._) a corner-stone: a piece of metal legally stamped

and current as money.--_v.t._ to convert a piece of metal into money: to

stamp; to make, invent, fabricate: (_fig._) to make into.--_ns._ COIN'AGE,

the act of coining money: the currency: the pieces of metal coined: the

invention, or fabrication, of something new: what is invented; COIN'ER, one

who coins money: a maker of counterfeit coins: an inventor; COIN'ING,

minting: invention.--COIN MONEY, to make money rapidly.--PAY A MAN IN HIS

OWN COIN, to give tit for tat: to give as good as one got. [Fr. _coin_, a

wedge, also the die to stamp money--L. _cuneus_, a wedge.]

COINCIDE, k[=o]-in-s[=i]d', _v.i._ to fall in with, or agree, in opinion:

to correspond: to be identical.--_ns._ COIN'CIDENCE, act or condition of

coinciding: the occurrence of an event at the same time as another event,

without any apparent connection; COIN'CIDENCY.--_adjs._ COIN'CIDENT,

COINCIDENT'AL.--_adv._ COIN'CIDENTLY. [L. _co-_, together,

_incid[)e]re_--_in_, in, _cad[)e]re_, to fall.]

CO-INHERE, k[=o]-in-h[=e]r', _v.i._ to inhere together.--_n._

CO-INHER'ENCE.

CO-INHERITOR, k[=o]-in-her'it-or, _n._ a joint heir.--_n._ CO-INHER'ITANCE.

CO-INSTANTANEOUS, k[=o]-in-stan-t[=a]n'e-us, _adj._ exactly

simultaneous.--_ns._ CO-INSTANTAN[=E]'ITY, CO-INSTANTAN'EOUSNESS.--_adv._

CO-INSTANTAN'EOUSLY.

COIR, koir, _n._ the strong fibre of the husk of the coco-nut, used for

making door-mats. [Malay, _k[=a]yar_, cord--_k[=a]yaru_, to be twisted.]

COISTRIL, kois'tril, _n._ a groom: (_Shak._) a knave. [See CUSTREL.]

COITION, k[=o]-ish'un, _n._ sexual intercourse. [L. _coitio_--_co-_,

together, _[=i]re_, _[=i]tum_, to go.]

COJOIN, k[=o]-join', _v.t._ (_Shak._). Same as CONJOIN.

COKE, k[=o]k, _n._ a form of fuel obtained by the heating of coal in

confined spaces whereby its more volatile constituents are driven

off.--_v.t._ to make into coke. [Ety. dub.; not before 17th century.]

COL, kol, _n._ (_geog._) a depression or pass in a mountain-range.

[Fr.,--L. _collum_, a neck.]

COLANDER, CULLENDER, kul'end-[.e]r, _n._ a vessel having small holes in the

bottom, used as a strainer in cookery.--_ns._ COL[=A]'TION, COL'ATURE,

straining. [L. _col[=a]re_, to strain--_colum_, a strainer.]

COLBERTINE, kol'ber-tin, _n._ a kind of lace, so called after Jean Baptiste

_Colbert_ (1619-83), Minister of Finance to Louis XIV., a great patron of

the arts.

COLCANNON, kol-kan'on, _n._ an Irish dish, being a stew of pounded cabbage

and potatoes with butter. [COLE, cabbage; _cannon_ unknown.]

COLCHICUM, kol'chi-kum, _n._ a genus of _Liliaceæ_--the meadow saffron, its

corm or seed used for gout and rheumatism. [L.,--Gr. _colchicon_, meadow

saffron--_Colchicus_, relating to _Colchis_, the native country of the

sorceress Medea.]

COLCOTHAR, kol'k[=o]-thar, _n._ a dark-red iron peroxide formed by

calcining copperas.

COLD, k[=o]ld, _adj._ the opposite of hot: shivering: without passion or

zeal: spiritless: unfriendly: indifferent: reserved.--_n._ a relative want

of sensible heat: the feeling or sensation caused by the absence of heat:

coldness: a spell of cold weather: a disease caused by cold, a catarrhal

inflammation of the mucous membrane of the respiratory organs, usually

accompanied by hoarseness and coughing: catarrh: chillness.--_adj._

COLD'-BLOOD'ED, having cold blood, as fishes: without feeling:

hard-hearted--of persons or actions.--_adv._ COLD'-BLOOD'EDLY.--_ns._

COLD'-BLOOD'EDNESS; COLD'-CHIS'EL, a strong and finely-tempered chisel for

cutting cold metal, as distinguished from a blacksmith's chisel for cutting

hot iron; COLD'-CREAM, the name applied to a creamy ointment, usually made

of almond-oil, spermaceti, white wax, and rose-water, used as a cooling

dressing for the skin.--_adjs._ COLD'-HEART'ED, wanting feeling:

indifferent; COLD'ISH, somewhat cold.--_adv._ COLDLY.--_ns._ COLD'NESS;

COLD'-PIG (_coll._), the application of cold water to wake a

person.--_adj._ COLD'-SHORT, brittle when cold: (_fig._) of the

temper.--_ns._ COLD'-WAT'ER, water at its natural temperature;

COLD'-WITHOUT', brandy with cold water and no sugar.--COLD AS CHARITY, a

proverbial phrase expressing ironically great coldness or

indifference.--CATCH COLD, TAKE COLD, to acquire the malady--a cold.--GIVE

THE COLD SHOULDER, to show indifference: to give a rebuff.--IN COLD BLOOD,

with deliberate intent, not under the influence of passion.--LEAVE OUT IN

THE COLD, to neglect, ignore.--THROW COLD WATER ON, to discourage. [A.S.

_ceald_; Scot, _cauld_, Ger. _kalt_; cog. also with Eng. _cool_, Ice.

_kala_, to freeze, L. _gelidus_--_gelu_, frost.]

COLE, k[=o]l, _n._ a general name for all sorts of cabbage.--_ns._

COLE'-GARTH, a cabbage garden; COLE'-SEED, the seed of rape; COLE'-WORT, a

species of cabbage. [A.S. _cáwel_; Ger. _kohl_, Scot. _kail_; all from L.

_colis_, _caulis_, a stem, esp. of cabbage; cf. Gr. _kaulos_.]

COLEOPTERA, kol-e-op't[.e]r-a, _n.pl._ an order of insects having two pairs

of wings, the outer pair being hard or horny, serving as wing-cases for the

true wings: the beetles.--_adjs._ COLEOP'TERAL, COLEOP'TEROUS.--_n._

COLEOP'TERIST. [Gr. _koleos_, a sheath, and _pteron_ (pl. _ptera_), a

wing.]

COLEORHIZA, kol-[=e]-[=o]-r[=i]'za, _n._ the root-sheath in endogens. [Gr.

_koleos_, sheath, _rhiza_, root.]

COLIBRI, kol'ib-r[=e], _n._ a kind of humming-bird. [Sp. and Fr. _colibri_,

said to be the Carib. name.]

COLIC, kol'ik, _n._ a disease attended with severe pain and flatulent

distension of the abdomen, without diarrhoea.--_adj._ COL'ICKY, suffering

or causing colic.--_n._ COL[=I]'TIS (see COLONITIS under COLON).

[Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _kolikos_--_kolon_, the large intestine.]

COLIN, kol'in, the American quail or partridge. [Ety. dub.]

COLISEUM. See COLOSSEUM.

COLL, kol, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to embrace or fondle by taking round the

neck.--_n._ COLL'ING, embracing. [Fr. _col_--L. _collum_, the neck.]

COLLABORATOR, kol-ab'[=o]-r[=a]-tor, COLLABORATEUR, kol-ab'[=o]-ra-t[=a]r,

_n._ an associate or assistant in labour, particularly literary or

scientific.--_n._ COLLABOR[=A]'TION. [Coined from L. _col_, with, and

_labor[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to labour.]

COLLAPSE, kol-aps', _n._ a falling away or breaking down: any sudden or

complete breakdown or prostration.--_v.i._ to fall together, to contract:

to fall or break down: to go to ruin: to lose heart.--_adj._ COLLAPS'IBLE,

capable of collapsing. [L. _collapsus_--_col_, together, and _labi_,

_lapsus_, to slide or fall.]

COLLAR, kol'ar, _n._ something worn round the neck: the part of a garment

at the neck: a band round a dog's neck: that part of a horse's harness worn

round the neck, to which the traces are attached: a ring: a band.--_v.t._

to seize by the collar: to put a collar on: to capture.--_ns._

COLL'AR-BEAM, a horizontal piece of timber connecting or bracing two

opposite rafters, to prevent sagging; COLL'AR-BONE, in man and most mammals

the only bone directly connecting the upper extremity with the skeleton of

the trunk.--_p.adj._ COLL'ARED, having, or ornamented with, a collar:

rolled up and bound with a string, as a piece of meat having the bones

removed: captured.--_ns._ COLL'ARETTE, a small collar; COLL'AR-WORK, hard

work against the collar: drudgery. [O. Fr. _colier_--L.

_coll[=a]re_--_collum_, the neck.]

COLLARD, kol'ard, _n._ cole-wort. [See COLE.]

COLLATE, kol-[=a]t', _v.t._ to bring together for comparison: to examine

and compare, as books, and esp. old manuscripts: to place in or confer a

benefice upon: to place in order, as the sheets of a book for

binding.--_adj._ COLL[=A]'TABLE.--_ns._ COLL[=A]'TION, act of collating: a

bringing together for examination and comparison: presentation to a

benefice: a repast between meals, from the habit of reading the

_collationes_ or lives of the Fathers during meals in monasteries.--_adj._

COLL[=A]'TIVE, having the power of conferring: of livings where the bishop

and patron are one and the same person.--_n._ COLL[=A]'TOR, one who

collates or compares: one who bestows or presents. [L. _conferre_,

_collatum_--_con_, together, _ferre_, to bring.]

COLLATERAL, kol-at'[.e]r-al, _adj._ side by side: running parallel or

together; corresponding; descended from the same ancestor, but not

directly, as the children of brothers.--_n._ a collateral relation: a

contemporary: a rival.--_adv._ COLLAT'ERALLY. [L. _col_, and _latus_,

_lateris_, a side.]

COLLEAGUE, kol'[=e]g, _n._ one associated with others in some

employment--not of partners in business.--_n._ COLL'EAGUESHIP. [Fr.

_collègue_--L. _collega_--_col_, together, and _leg[)e]re_, to choose.]

COLLEAGUE, kol'[=e]g, _v.i._ to join or unite: to conspire:--_pr.p._

colleaguing (kol-[=e]g'ing); _pa.p._ colleagued (kol-[=e]gd'). [From O. Fr.

_colliguer_, to join in alliance--L. _collig[=a]re_, to bind together.]

COLLECT, kol-ekt', _v.t._ to assemble or bring together: to infer: to put

one's thoughts in order.--_v.i._ to run together: to accumulate.--_ns._

COL'LECT, a short form of prayer, peculiar to the liturgies of the Western

Church, consisting of a single sentence, conveying one main petition;

COLLECT[=A]'NEA, a selection of passages from various authors: a

miscellany.--_adj._ COLLECT'ED, gathered together: having one's senses

gathered together: cool: firm--_adv._ COLLECT'EDLY.--_ns._ COLLECT'EDNESS,

self-possession: coolness; COLLEC'TION, act of collecting: collecting of

money at a religious or public meeting: the money collected: a number of

anything: an assemblage: a book of selections: composure: an examination at

the end of the terms in certain colleges.--_adj._ COLLECT'IVE, considered

as forming one mass or sum: congregated: common: (_Milt._) inferential:

(_gram._) expressing a number or multitude.--_adv._ COLLECT'IVELY.--_ns._

COLLECT'IVISM, the economic theory of socialism, that industry should be

carried on with a collective capital; COLLECT'IVIST, a socialist--also

_adj._; COLLECT'OR, one who collects, as tickets, money, &c.;

COLLECT'ORATE, COLLECT'ORSHIP. [L. _collig[)e]re_, _collectum_, from _col_,

together, and _leg[)e]re_, to gather.]

COLLEEN, kol'[=e]n, _n._ a girl. [Irish _cailín_.]

COLLEGE, kol'ej, _n._ an incorporation, company, or society of persons

joined together generally for literary or scientific purposes, and often

possessing peculiar or exclusive privileges: a member of the body known as

the university: (_U.S._) often used as the equivalent of university: a

seminary of learning: a literary, political, or religious institution: the

edifice appropriated to a college.--_n._ COLL'EGER, inmate of a college:

one of the seventy foundationers at Eton College.--_adj._ COLL[=E]'GIAL,

pertaining to a college.--_ns._ COLL[=E]'GIAN, a member or inhabitant of a

college: (_slang_) inmate of a prison; COLL[=E]'GIANER, a member of a

college, a student.--_adj._ COLL[=E]'GIATE, pertaining to or resembling a

college: containing a college, as a town; instituted like a college:

corporate.--_n._ inmate of a prison, &c.--COLLEGE OF ARMS, HERALDS'

COLLEGE, a collegiate body incorporated in 1483, presided over by the Earl

Marshal, and including Garter, principal King-of-arms, Clarenceux, and

Norroy, besides six heralds and four pursuivants: COLLEGE OF JUSTICE, in

Scotland, a great forensic society, composed of judges, advocates, writers

to the signet, and solicitors.--COLLEGIATE CHURCH, COLLEGIAL CHURCH, a

church so called from having a college or chapter, consisting of a dean or

provost and canons, attached to it (in Scotland, a church occupied by two

or more pastors of equal rank--also COLLEGIATE CHARGE). [Fr. _collège_--L.

_collegium_, from _col_, and _leg[)e]re_, to gather.]

COLLET, kol'et, _n._ a ring or collar: the part of a ring which contains

the stone. [Fr.,--L. _collum_.]

COLLIDE, kol-[=i]d', _v.i._ to dash together: to clash.--_p.adjs._

COLLID'ED, COLLID'ING.--_ns._ COLLI'SION, state of being struck together:

conflict: opposition: clashing; COLLI'SION-MAT; a mat for covering a hole

in a ship's side caused by a collision. [L. _collid[)e]re_,

_collisum_--_col_, together, _læd[)e]re_, to strike.]

COLLIE, COLLY, kol'i, _n._ a shepherd's dog. [Ety. dub.]

COLLIER, kol'y[.e]r, _n._ one who works in a coal-mine: a ship that carries

coal: a sailor in such a ship.--_n._ COLL'IERY, a coal-mine.

COLLIGATE, kol'i-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to bind together. [L. _collig[=a]re_,

_-[=a]tum_--_col_, together, _lig[=a]re_, to bind.]

COLLIMATION, kol-li-m[=a]'shun, _n._ the adjustment of the line of sight of

a telescope.--_v.t._ COL'LIM[=A]TE.--_n._ COLLIM[=A]'TOR, a subsidiary

telescope used to detect errors in collimation, when adjusting for transit

observations. [L. _collim[=a]re_ for _colline[=a]re_, to bring into line

with--_col_, together, _linea_, a line.]

COLLINEAR, ko-lin'e-ar, _adj._ in the same straight line.

COLLIESHANGIE, kol-i-shang'i, _n._ (_Scot._) noisy wrangling or fighting.

[Ety. dub.; but perh. from _collie_, a dog, and _shangie_, something

attached to his tail.]

COLLINGUAL, ko-ling'gwal, _adj._ speaking the same tongue.

COLLIQUATE, kol'i-kw[=a]t, _v.t._ to melt.--_adjs._ COLLIQ'UABLE,

COLL'IQUANT, melting, wasting; COLLIQ'UATIVE, profuse in flow. [L. _com-_,

together, _liqu[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to make melt.]

COLLOCATE, kol'[=o]-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to place together: to set: to

arrange.--_n._ COLLOC[=A]'TION, act of collocating: disposition in place:

arrangement. [L. _colloc[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, _col_, together, _loc[=a]re_,

to place.]

COLLOCUTOR, COLLOCUTORY. See COLLOQUY.

COLLODION, kol-[=o]'di-on, _n._ a gluey solution of gun-cotton in alcohol

and ether, used in surgery and photography. [Gr. _koll[=o]d[=e]s_--_kolla_,

glue, _eidos_, form, appearance.]

COLLOGUE, ko-log', _v.i._ to simulate belief: to conspire: to converse

confidentially.--_v.t._ to coax; to flatter. [Prob. from L. _colloqui_, to

speak together.]

COLLOID, kol'oid, _n._ a name given by Graham, in contradistinction to

_crystalloids_, to any soluble substance, which, when exposed to dialysis,

does not pass through the porous membrane.--_adj._ COLLOID'AL. [Gr.

_kolla_, glue, and _eidos_, form.]

COLLOP, kol'op, _n._ a slice of meat, fried or otherwise: (_Shak._) a

child.--COLLOP MONDAY, the day before Shrove Tuesday, when collops-and-eggs

was eaten.--MINCED COLLOPS (_Scot._), minced meat.

COLLOQUY, kol'o-kwi, _n._ a speaking together: mutual discourse:

conversation.--_v.i._ (_rare_) to converse.--_n._ COLLOC'[=U]TOR.--_adj._

COLLOC'[=U]TORY.--_v.i._ COLLOQUE', to hold colloquy.--_adj._

COLL[=O]'QUIAL, pertaining to or used in common conversation.--_ns._

COLL[=O]'QUIALISM, a form of expression used in familiar talk;

COLL[=O]'QUIALIST.--_adv._ COLL[=O]'QUIALLY.--_v.i._ COLL'OQUISE, to

converse.--_n._ COLL'OQUIST, a speaker in a colloquy. [L. _colloquium_,

_col_, together, _loqui_, to speak.]

COLLOTYPE, kol'o-t[=i]p, _n._ a photographic process much used for book

illustrations and advertising purposes. [Gr. _kolla_, glue, and TYPE.]

COLLUCTATION, kol-uk-t[=a]'shun, _n._ strife: opposition. [L.

_colluct[=a]ri_--_col-_, _luct[=a]ri_, to wrestle.]

COLLUDE, kol-[=u]d', _v.i._ to play into each other's hand: to act in

concert, esp. in a fraud.--_ns._ COLLUD'ER; COLL[=U]'SION, act of

colluding: a secret agreement to deceive: deceit.--_adj._ COLL[=U]'SIVE,

fraudulently concerted: deceitful.--_adv._ COLL[=U]'SIVELY. [L.

_collud[)e]re_, _collusum_, from _col_, and _lud[)e]re_, to play.]

COLLUVIES, ko-l[=u]'vi-[=e]s., _n._ filth: a rabble. [L.

'washings'--_collu[)e]re_, to wash thoroughly.]

COLLY, kol'li, _v.t._ to begrime with coal-dust: (_Shak._) to

darken.--_p.adj._ COL'LIED. [See COAL.]

COLLYRIUM, ko-lir'i-um, _n._ a term for various kinds of eye-salve or

eye-wash. [L.,--Gr. _kollyrion_, eye-salve, dim. of _kollyra_, a roll of

bread.]

COLOCYNTH, kol'[=o]-sinth, _n._ the dried and powdered pulp of a kind of

cucumber, much used as a purgative. [L.,--Gr. _kolokynthis_.]

COLOGNE-EARTH, ko-l[=o]n'-[.e]rth, _n._ a brown earth prepared from

lignite, found originally near _Cologne_, a German city on the

Rhine.--COLOGNE WATER, or EAU DE COLOGNE, a perfumed spirit first made at

Cologne in 1709 by Jean Farina.

COLON, k[=o]'lon, _n._ the mark (:) used to indicate a distinct member or

clause of a sentence. [Gr. _k[=o]lon_, a limb, member.]

COLON, k[=o]'lon, _n._ that portion of the large intestine which extends

from the cæcum to the rectum, which is the terminal portion of the

intestinal canal.--_n._ COLON[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the colon. [L.,--Gr.

_kolon_, the large intestine.]

COLONEL, kur'n[.e]l, _n._ an officer who has command of a regiment;--_ns._

COL'ONELCY, his office or rank; COL'ONELLING, playing the colonel;

COL'ONELSHIP, colonelcy: quality of a colonel. [Fr. and Sp. _coronel_; a

corr. of It. _colonello_, the leader of a _colonna_, or column--L.

_columna_.]

COLONNADE, kol-on-[=a]d', _n._ a range of columns placed at regular

intervals: a similar row, as of trees. [Fr.,--L. _columna_.]

COLONY, kol'on-i, _n._ a name somewhat vaguely applied to the foreign

dependencies of a state (a Roman colony was a military settlement planted

in subject territory; a Greek colony consisted of a band of emigrants

impelled to seek a new home, and connected with their mother-city by no

stronger tie than that of sentiment): a body of persons who form a fixed

settlement in another country: the settlement so formed: the place they

inhabit.--_adj._ COL[=O]N'IAL, pertaining to a colony.--_n._ an inhabitant

of a colony, a colonist.--_ns._ COL[=O]N'IALISM, a trait of colonial life

or speech; COLONIS[=A]'TION, act or practice of colonising: state of being

colonised.--_v.t._ COL'ONISE, to plant or establish a colony in: to form

into a colony.--_v.i._ to settle.--_n._ COL'ONIST, an inhabitant of a

colony.--COLONIAL ANIMALS, organisms which cannot be fairly regarded as

unities, but consist of numerous individuals united in a common life;

COLONIAL SYSTEM, the theory that the settlements abroad were to be treated

as proprietary domains exploited for the benefit of the mother-country. [L.

_colonia_--_colonus_, a husbandman--_col[)e]re_, to till.]

COLOPHON, kol'o-fon, _n._ in early printing, the inscription at the end of

a book with name, date, &c. [L. _colophon_--Gr. _koloph[=o]n_, the finish.]

COLOPHONY, kol-of'o-ni, _n._ the dark-coloured resin got from the

distillation of turpentine with water. [Gr., from _Colophon_, in Asia

Minor.]

COLOQUINTIDA, kol-o-kwin'ti-da, _n._ the colocynth.

COLOSSUS, kol-os'us, _n._ a gigantic statue, esp. that of Apollo astride

the entrance of the harbour of Rhodes.--_adjs._ COLOSS'AL, like a colossus:

gigantic; COLOSS'ALWISE, astride (_Shak._).--_ns._ COLOSS[=E]'UM,

COLIS[=E]'UM, Vespasian's amphitheatre at Rome, which was the largest in

the world. [L.,--Gr. _kolossos_.]

COLOSTRUM, ko-los'trum, _n._ the first milk of a mammal after

parturition.--_n._ COLOSTR[=A]'TION, a disease of infants due to

colostrum.--_adjs._ COLOS'TRIC, COLOS'TROUS. [L.]

COLOUR, kul'ur, _n._ a property of light which causes bodies to have

different appearances to the eye: the hue or appearance which bodies

present to the eye: appearance of blood in the face: appearance: pretext:

tint: paint: false show: kind: (_pl._) a flag, ensign, or standard:

paints.--_v.t._ to put colour on: to stain: to paint: to set in a fair

light: to exaggerate: to misrepresent.--_v.i._ to show colour: to

blush.--_adjs._ COLORIF'IC, containing or producing colours; COL'OURABLE,

having a fair appearance: designed to conceal.--_adv._ COL'OURABLY.--_n._

COLOUR[=A]'TION.--_adj._ COL'OUR-BLIND, unable to distinguish between

colours.--_n._ COL'OUR-BLIND'NESS.--_adjs._ COL'OURED, having colour:

(_Spens._) having a specious appearance, deceitful: of the complexion,

other than white.--_ns._ COL'OURING, any substance used to give colour:

manner of applying colours: specious appearance; COL'OURIST, one who

colours or paints: one who excels in colouring.--_adj._ COL'OURLESS,

without colour: transparent: neutral.--_ns._ COL'OURMAN, one who prepares

and sells colours; COL'OUR-SER'GEANT, the sergeant who guards the colours

of a regiment.--_adj._ COL'OURY, having much colour.--COLOUR A PIPE, to

cause a tobacco-pipe, esp. a meerschaum, to take on a brown or black

colour, by smoking.--A PERSON OF COLOUR, a person of negro blood.--CHANGE

COLOUR, to turn pale: to blush; COME OFF WITH FLYING COLOURS, to do

something with great éclat; COME OUT IN ONE'S TRUE COLOURS, to appear in

one's real character; DESERT ONE'S COLOURS, to abandon one's post or duty;

FAST COLOUR, a colour which does not fade when washed; FIGHT UNDER FALSE

COLOURS, to put forward a false pretence as a cover for one's actions; GIVE

COLOUR, to give plausibility: HANG OUT FALSE COLOURS, to put up another's

flag, to pretend to belong to another party than one really does; HIGH

COLOUR, pronounced redness of complexion; LOSE COLOUR, to lose one's good

looks; NAIL ONE'S COLOURS TO THE MAST, to commit one's self to some party

or plan of action; OFF COLOUR, faded: past one's best; PAINT IN BRIGHT

COLOURS, to embellish: to exaggerate; PRIMARY COLOURS, the three colours,

red, green, and violet, from which the others, called SECONDARY COLOURS,

can be obtained; SHOW ONE'S COLOURS, to show what are one's inclinations,

opinions, or character; STICK TO ONE'S COLOURS, to adhere to one's party or

opinions; UNDER COLOUR OF, under the pretext of; WITHOUT COLOUR, without

disguise: colourless: without individuality. [Fr.,--L. _color_; akin to

_cel[=a]re_, to cover, to conceal.]

COLPORTEUR, kol'p[=o]rt-[=a]r, or kol'p[=o]rt-[.e]r, _n._ a peddler, esp.

one selling tracts and religious books.--_n._ COL'PORT[=A]GE, the

distribution of books by colporteurs. [Fr. _colporteur_, from _col_--L.

_collum_, the neck, and _porter_--L. _port[=a]re_, to carry.]

COLT, k[=o]lt, _n._ a young horse: an awkward fellow: an inexperienced

youth: (_B._) a young camel or ass: (_naut._) a rope's end.--_v.i._

(_Spens._) to frisk like a colt.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to cheat: to give the

rope's end, to beat.--_adj._ COLT'ISH, like a colt: frisky: wanton.--_ns._

COLT'S'-FOOT, a composite plant with large soft leaves once used for asthma

and coughing; COLT'S'-TOOTH, one of a horse's first set of teeth; (_Shak._)

love of youthful pleasures: wantonness. [A.S. _colt_; Sw. _kult_, a young

boar, a stout boy.]

COLTER, COULTER, k[=o]lt[.e]r, _n._ the fore-iron of a plough. [A.S.

_culter_--L. _culter_, a knife.]

COLUBER, kol'ub-[.e]r, _n._ a genus of non-venomous snakes, of almost

world-wide distribution.--_n._ COLUB'RIAD (_Cowper_).--_adj._ COL'UBRINE.

[L. _coluber_, a snake.]

COLUMBIAN, k[=o]-lum'bi-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Columbia_, a name of

America.--_ns._ COLUM'BATE, a salt or compound of columbic acid with a

base; COLUM'BITE, the native ore of columbium; COLUM'BIUM, a metallic

element now called _niobium_. [_Columbia_, America, from Columbus

(1447-1506), its discoverer.]

COLUMBINE, kol'um-b[=i]n, _adj._ of or like a dove: dove-coloured.--_n._ a

genus of plants (_Aquilegia_) having five coloured sepals, which soon fall

off, and five petals, each terminating below in a horn-shaped spur or

nectary: in pantomimes, the sweetheart of Harlequin (q.v.).--_ns._

COLUMB[=A]'RIUM, a dovecot or pigeon-house: one of the niches or

pigeon-holes in a particular kind of sepulchral chamber in which the urns

containing the ashes of dead bodies burned were deposited; COL'UMBARY, a

pigeon-house or dovecot. [L. _columba_, a dove.]

COLUMEL, COLUMELLA. See COLUMN.

COLUMN, kol'um, _n._ a long, round body, used to support or adorn a

building: any upright body or mass like a column: a body of troops drawn up

in deep files: a perpendicular row of lines in a book.--_ns._ COL'[=U]MEL,

a small column; COL[=U]MEL'LA, the central axis of a spiral univalve; the

auditory ossicle of the amphibian ear: the central axis of the spore-case

of mosses: in the opening of fruits, what remains in the centre after the

carpels have split away.--_adjs._ COLUM'NAL, COLUM'NAR, formed in

columns.--_n._ COLUMNA'RITY.--_adjs._ COL'UMNED, COLUM'NI[=A]TED,

COLUM'NATED, having columns.--_n._ COLUM'NI[=A]TION. [L. _columen_,

_columna_, akin to _celsus_, high; Gr. _kol[=o]n[=e]_, a hill.]

COLURE, k[=o]-l[=u]r', _n._ (_astron._) one of two great circles supposed

to intersect each other at right angles in the poles of the equator. [Gr.

_kolourus_--_kolos_, docked, _oura_, tail.]

COLZA, kol'za, _n._ a kind of cabbage whose seeds yield oil for lamps.

[Dut. _koolzaad_, cabbage-seed.]

COMA, k[=o]'ma, _n._ deep sleep: stupor.--_adj._ COM'ATOSE, affected with

coma: drowsy. [Gr. _k[=o]ma_.]

COMA, k[=o]'ma, _n._ (_bot._) a tuft or bunch of hairy-like appendages as

on some seeds: the leafy branches forming the head of a tree: (_astron._)

the nebulous envelope surrounding the nucleus of a comet. [L.--Gr.

_kom[=e]_, hair of the head.]

COMARB, k[=o]'märb, _n._ the head of one of the families composing an old

Irish sept: the successor in an ecclesiastical office, abbot, vicar,

&c.--Better C[=O]'ARB. [Ir. _comharba_, successor.]

COMART, k[=o]'märt, _n._ (_Shak._) an agreement.

COMATE, k[=o]'m[=a]t, _n._ (_Shak._) a mate or companion.

COMB, k[=o]m, _n._ a toothed instrument for separating and cleaning hair,

wool, flax, &c.: the crest of a cock: the top or crest of a wave or of a

hill: an aggregation of cells for honey.--_v.t._ to separate, arrange, or

clean by means of a comb: to dress with a comb: (_Shak._) to beat.--_v.i._

to break with a white foam, as the top of a wave.--_adj._ COMBED.--_n._

COMB'ER, one who or that which combs wool, &c.--_n.pl._ COMB'INGS, hairs

combed off.--_adjs._ COMB'LESS (_Shak._), without a comb; COMB'WISE;

COMB'Y.--_n._ CROP'-COMB, a semicircular comb worn by girls.--COMB OFF, to

remove. [A.S. _camb_.]

COMB, COMBE. See COOMB.

COMBAT, kom'bat, or kum'bat, _v.i._ to contend or struggle.--_v.t._ to beat

against: to contest: to oppose: to debate.--_n._ a struggle: a

fight.--_adjs._ COM'BATABLE, capable of being combated; COM'BATANT,

disposed to combat.--_n._ one who combats; COM'BATIVE, inclined to

quarrel.--_n._ COM'BATIVENESS.--COMBATANT OFFICER, one who takes part in

the action, as opposed to the medical officers, &c., who are NON-COMBATANT.

[Fr. _combattre_, to fight--_com_, with, and _battre_, to beat. See BEAT.]

COMBER, kom'b[=e]r, _n._ a name applied to the gaper, a sea-perch, and to a

species of wrasse.

COMBINE, kom-b[=i]n', _v.t._ to join two together: to unite

intimately.--_v.i._ to come into close union: to co-operate: (_chem._) to

unite and form a new compound.--_n._ a trading syndicate, a trust.--_adj._

COM'BINATE, combined: betrothed.--_ns._ COMBIN[=A]'TION, the act of

combining: union of individual things: persons united for a purpose;

COMBIN[=A]'TION-ROOM, the college-parlour at Cambridge, for the fellows of

a college after dinner, a common-room.--_n.pl._ COMBIN[=A]'TIONS, a women's

and children's garment consisting of chemise and drawers combined.--_adjs._

COM'BIN[=A]TIVE; COMB[=I]'NATORY; COMBINED'; COMBIN'ING. [L.

_combin[=a]re_, to join--_com_, together, and _bini_, two and two.]

COMBROUS (_obs._) = CUM'BROUS.

COMBURGESS, kom-bur'jes, _n._ a fellow-burgess.

COMBUST, kom-bust', _adj._ burned by the sun: in conjunction with the sun,

or apparently very near it, so as to be obscured by its light, said of a

planet when it is not more than 8½° from the sun.--_n._ that which is

burned.--_v.t._ to burn up.--_adj._ COMBUST'IBLE, liable to take fire and

burn: excitable.--_n._ anything that will take fire and burn.--_ns._

COMBUST'IBLENESS, COMBUSTIBIL'ITY, quality of being combustible;

COMBUS'TION, a burning: the action of fire on combustible substances:

confusion, turmoil: the scientific term for all kinds of consumption

through the influence of heat.--_adjs._ COMBUST'IOUS (_Shak._),

combustible, inflammable: turbulent; COMBUST'IVE, disposed to take

fire.--SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION, burning caused by heat generated in the

substance itself. [L. _combur[)e]re_, _combustum_, to consume--_com_,

inten., _ur[)e]re_, to burn.]

COME, kum (_Shak._), a shortening of BECOME.

COME, kum, _v.i._ to move toward this place (the opposite of _go_): to draw

near: to arrive at a certain state or condition: to issue: to happen:

(_Shak._) to yield; to become: to turn out:--_pr.p._ com'ing; _pa.t._ came;

_pa.p._ come.--_n._ COM'ING.--_adj._ COME'-AT-ABLE, accessible; COME ABOUT,

to happen; COME ACROSS, to meet; COME AND GO, to have freedom of action

(_n._ passage to and fro); COME AT, to reach; COME BY, to come near: to

pass: to obtain; COME DOWN, to descend: to be reduced (_n._ a fall); COME

DOWN UPON, to be severe with; COME DOWN WITH, to pay down; COME HIGH, or

LOW, to cost much, or little; COME HOME, to return to one's house: to touch

one's interest or feelings closely (with _to_): (_naut._) to drag or slip

through the ground--of an anchor; COME IN, to enter: to give in, to yield:

(_fencing_) to get within the opponent's guard (_Shak._); COME IN FOR, to

have reason to expect or to have a share; COME IT STRONG (_coll._), to do

or say too much; COME OF, to descend from: become of; COME OFF, to come

away: to turn out: to escape (_n._ a conclusion: an evasion of duty); COME

OUT, to result: to be published: to become evident: to enter society; COME

OUT WITH, to let be known: to tell; COME OVER (_Shak._), surpass: to

befall: (_slang_) to overreach; COME O' WILL, something that comes of its

own accord: an illegitimate child; COME ROUND, to come by a circuitous

path: to happen in due course: to change: to recover from a faint; COME

SHORT, to fail; COME SHORT OF, to fail to accomplish; COME TO, to obtain:

to amount to: to recover consciousness or sanity; COME TO GRIEF, to meet

with disaster or ill-fortune; COME TO PASS, to happen; COME TRUE, to be

found to have been true; COME UNDER, to be included under; COME UPON, to

attack: to affect; to hold answerable: to meet; COME UP WITH, to overtake:

reach.--ALL COMERS, any one that likes. [A.S. _cuman_; Ger. _kommen_, to

come.]

CO-MEDDLE, k[=o]-med'l, _v.t._ to mix: (_Shak._) to temper.

COMEDO, kom'e-do, _n._ a small, black-tipped, worm-like mass which is found

on the face of some persons. [L. _comed[)e]re_, to eat up.]

COMEDY, kom'e-di, _n._ a dramatic piece of a pleasant or humorous

character, originally accompanied with dancing and singing.--_ns._

COM[=E]'DIAN, one who acts or writes comedies: an actor:--_fem._

COMÉDIENNE'; COM[=E]DIET'TA, a short comic piece. [L.,--Gr.

_k[=o]m[=o]dia_, _k[=o]mos_, revel, _[=o]d[=e]_, song.]

COMELY, kum'li, _adj._ pleasing: graceful: handsome.--_adv._ in a comely

manner.--_n._ COME'LINESS. [A.S. _cymlic_--_cyme_, suitable, _líc_, like.]

COMESTIBLES, kom-est'i-blz, _n.pl._ eatables. [Fr.,--L. _comed[)e]re_, to

eat up.]

COMET, kom'et, _n._ a heavenly body with an eccentric orbit, having a

definite point or nucleus, a nebulous light surrounding the nucleus, and a

luminous tail preceding or following the nucleus.--_adjs._ COM'ETARY,

COMET'IC.--_ns._ COM'ET-FIND'ER, a telescope of low power used to search

for comets; COMETOG'RAPHY; COMETOL'OGY. [Gr. _kom[=e]t[=e]s_,

long-haired--_kom[=e]_, the hair.]

COMFIT, kum'fit, _n._ a sweetmeat made of fruit and sugar, &c. [A doublet

of CONFECT; from Fr. _confit_, _confiture_--L. _confic[)e]re_, to make up.]

COMFORT, kum'furt, _v.t._ to relieve from pain or distress: to soothe: to

cheer, revive.--_n._ relief: encouragement: ease: quiet enjoyment: freedom

from annoyance: whatever gives ease, enjoyment, &c.: a subject of

satisfaction.--_adj._ COM'FORTABLE, imparting or enjoying comfort.--_adv._

COM'FORTABLY.--_n._ COM'FORTER, one who administers comfort: (_B._) the

Holy Spirit: a long, narrow woollen tippet.--_adj._ COM'FORTLESS, without

comfort.--_n._ COM'FORTLESSNESS.--JOB'S COMFORTER, one who, while

pretending to comfort, only aggravates the distress. [O. Fr.

_conforter_--L. _con_, and _fortis_, strong.]

COMFREY, kum'fri, _n._ a genus of _Boraginaceæ_, somewhat coarse perennial

herbs. [O. Fr. _confirie_.]

COMIC, kom'ik, _adj._ relating to comedy: raising mirth: droll.--_n._

(_coll._) an amusing person: (_coll._) a comic paper.--_adj._ COM'ICAL,

funny: queer: ludicrous.--_ns._ COMICAL'ITY, COM'ICALNESS.--_adv._

COM'ICALLY.--_n._ COMIQUE (k[=o]-m[=e]k'), a comic actor or singer. [See

COMEDY.]

COMITATUS, kom-i-t[=a]'tus, _n._ a prince's escort: a county or shire. [L.]

COMITIA, ko-mish'i-a, _n._ the assemblies of the Romans for electing

magistrates, passing laws, &c. [L.,--_com_, together, _[=i]re_, _[=i]tum_,

to go.]

COMITY, kom'i-ti, _n._ courteousness: civility.--COMITY OF NATIONS

(_comitas gentium_), the international courtesy by which effect is given to

the laws of one state within the territory of another state. [L.

_comitas_--_comis_, courteous.]

COMMA, kom'a, _n._ (_Shak._) a short part of a sentence: in punctuation,

the point (,) which marks the smallest division of a sentence: (_fig._) a

brief interval.--INVERTED COMMAS, marks of quotation ("..", '..').

[L.,--Gr. _komma_, a section of a sentence, from _koptein_, to cut off.]

COMMAND, kom-mand', _v.t._ to order: to bid: to exercise supreme authority

over: (_Shak._) to demand: to cause to act: (_Shak._) to exact: to have

within sight, influence, or control.--_v.i._ to have chief authority: to

govern.--_n._ an order: authority: message: the ability to overlook or

influence: the thing commanded.--_ns._ COMMANDANT', an officer who has the

command of a place or of a body of troops, COMMANDANT'SHIP.--_v.t._

COMMANDEER', to compel to military service.--_ns._ COMMAND'ER, one who

commands: an officer in the navy next in rank under a captain;

COMMAND'ER-IN-CHIEF, the highest staff appointment in the British army: the

officer in supreme command of an army, or of the entire forces of the

state; COMMAND'ERSHIP; COMMAND'ERY, the district under a commander,

specially used in connection with the Templars, the Hospitallers, and other

religious orders.--_adj._ COMMAND'ING, fitted to impress or

control.--_adv._ COMMAND'INGLY.--_n._ COMMAND'MENT, a command: a

precept.--COMMANDER OF THE FAITHFUL, a title of the caliphs.--AT COMMAND,

available for use; ON COMMAND, under orders.--TEN COMMANDMENTS, the ten

Mosaic laws: (_slang_) the ten finger-nails, used by women in fighting.

[Fr. _commander_--L. _commend[=a]re_--_com_, and _mand[=a]re_, to entrust.]

COMMEASURE, kom-mezh'[=u]r, _v.t._ to equal in measure: to coincide

with.--_n._ COMMEAS'URABLE (same as COMMEN'SURABLE).

COMMEMORATE, kom-em'o-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to call to remembrance by a solemn or

public act: to celebrate: to preserve the memory of.--_adj._

COMMEM'ORABLE.--_n._ COMMEMOR[=A]'TION, preserving the memory of some

person or thing by a solemn ceremony: the specification of individual

saints in the prayers for the dead: the great festival of the Oxford

academic year, usually taking place on the third Wednesday after Trinity

Sunday.--_adjs._ COMMEM'ORATIVE, COMMEM'ORATORY, tending or serving to

commemorate.--_n._ COMMEM'ORATOR. [L. _commemoratus_, pa.p. of

_commemor[=a]re_, to remember--_com_, inten., and _memor_, mindful.]

COMMENCE, kom-ens', _v.i._ to begin: to originate: to take rise.--_v.t._ to

begin: to originate: to enter upon: to take a university degree--e.g. 'to

commence M.A.'--_n._ COMMENCE'MENT, the beginning: at certain universities

the act of taking the degrees: the ceremony when these are conferred. [O.

Fr. _comencer_--L. _com_, and _initi[=a]re_, to begin--_in_, into, and

_[=i]re_, to go.]

COMMEND, kom-end', _v.t._ to give into the charge of: to recommend as

worthy: to praise: to adorn, set off.--_n._ (_Shak._) praise.--_adj._

COMMEND'ABLE, worthy of being commended or praised.--_n._

COMMEND'ABLENESS.--_adv._ COMMEND'ABLY.--_ns._ COMMEND'AM, a manner of

holding an ecclesiastical benefice till a proper pastor was provided for

it--it was provisionally _commended_ to the care of a clerk, and was said

to be held _in commendam_; COMMEND[=A]'TION, the act of commending: praise:

declaration of esteem: esp. the act of commending the dying or dead to the

favour and mercy of God; COM'MEND[=A]TOR, one who holds a benefice _in

commendam_.--_adj._ COMMEND'ATORY, commending: containing praise or

commendation: presenting to favourable notice or reception.--COMMEND ME TO,

remember me kindly to: give me by preference. [L. _commend[=a]re_--_com_,

and _mand[=a]re_, to trust.]

COMMENSAL, ko-men'sal, _adj._ eating at the same table.--_n._ a

messmate.--_n._ COMMEN'SALISM, the intimate but never parasitic association

of two organisms, for the benefit of one, or very often of both. [L. _com_,

together, _mensa_, a table.]

COMMENSURABLE, kom-en's[=u]-ra-bl, _adj._ having a common measure.--_ns._

COMMENSURABIL'ITY, COMMEN'SURABLENESS.--_adv._ COMMEN'SURABLY.--_adj._

COMMEN'SUR[=A]TE, of the same measure with: equal in measure or extent: in

proportion with.--_adv._ COMMEN'SUR[=A]TELY.--_ns._ COMMEN'SUR[=A]TENESS,

COMMENSUR[=A]'TION. [L. _com_, with, and _mensura_, a measure--_met[=i]ri_,

_mensus_, to measure.]

COMMENT, kom'ent, _n._ a note conveying an illustration or explanation: a

remark, observation, criticism.--_v.i._ (or kom-ent') to make critical or

explanatory notes: to annotate: (_Shak._) to meditate.--_ns._ COMM'ENTARY,

a comment: a remark: a book consisting of a regular series of comments or

notes on another book; COMMENT[=A]'TION, annotation; COMM'ENT[=A]TOR,

COMM'ENTER (or COMMENT'ER), COMM'ENTOR (or COMMENT'OR).--_adj._

COMMENTAT[=O]'RIAL, pertaining to the making of commentaries. [Fr.,--L.

_comment[=a]ri_--_com_, and L. _mens_, the mind.]

COMMERCE, kom'[.e]rs, _n._ interchange of merchandise on a large scale

between nations or individuals: extended trade or traffic: intercourse:

fellowship.--_v.i._ COMMERCE', to trade: to have communication

with.--_adj._ COMMER'CIAL, pertaining to commerce: mercantile.--_n._

commercial traveller.--_ns._ COMMER'CIALISM; COMMER'CIALIST;

COMMER'CIALITY.--_adv._ COMMER'CIALLY.--COMMERCIAL ROOM, a room in a hotel

set apart for commercial travellers; COMMERCIAL TRAVELLER, a person who

transacts business as the accredited travelling representative of a trading

house to other trading houses. [Fr.,--L. _commercium_--_com_, with, _merx_,

_mercis_, merchandise.]

COMMERGE, ko-m[.e]rj', _v.i._ to coincide, agree.

COMMINATE, kom'in-[=a]t, _v.t._ to threaten.--_n._ COMMIN[=A]'TION,

threatening, denunciation: a recital of God's threatenings made on

Ash-Wednesday and at other times in the English Church.--_adjs._

COMM'INATIVE, COMM'INATORY, threatening punishment. [L.,--_com_, inten.,

and _min[=a]ri_, to threaten.]

COMMINGLE, kom-ing'gl, _v.t._ to mingle or mix with.--_adj._ COMMIN'GLED.

[L. _com_, together, and MINGLE.]

COMMINUTE, kom'in-[=u]t, _v.t._ to reduce to minute particles: to

pulverise.--_n._ COMMIN[=U]'TION.--COMMINUTED FRACTURE, the breaking of a

bone in several places: a compound fracture. [L. _comminu[)e]re_,

_-[=u]tum_, to break into pieces--_com_, and _minu[)e]re_, to make

small--root _minus_, less.]

COMMISERATE, kom-iz'[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.t._ to feel for the miseries of

another: to pity: to condole with.--_adj._ COMMIS'ERABLE, requiring

commiseration: pitiable.--_n._ COMMISER[=A]'TION, concern for the

sufferings of others: pity.--_adj._ COMMIS'ERATIVE, feeling or expressing

sympathetic sorrow.--_n._ COMMIS'ER[=A]TOR. [L. _com_, with, _miser[=a]ri_,

to deplore--_miser_, wretched.]

COMMISSARY, kom'is-ar-i, _n._ one to whom any charge is committed: a

deputy: (_Scots law_) the judge in a commissary court: a higher officer of

police: (_eccles._) an officer representing a bishop, and performing his

duties in distant parts of the diocese: an officer who furnishes

provisions, &c., to an army.--_adj._ COMMISS[=A]'RIAL, pertaining to a

commissary.--_ns._ COMMISS[=A]'RIAT, the department charged with the

furnishing of provisions, as for an army: the supply of provisions: the

office of a commissary; COMM'ISSARY-GEN'ERAL, the head of the department

for supplying provisions, &c., to an army; COMM'ISSARYSHIP.--COMMISSARY

COURT, a supreme court established in Edinburgh in 1563, with jurisdiction

in questions of marriage--its powers conjoined with those of the Court of

Session in 1836. [Low L. _commissarius_--L. _committ[)e]re_, _commissum_.]

COMMISSION, kom-ish'un, _n._ act of committing: that which is committed: a

writing conferring certain powers: authority: the percentage paid in a

transaction to an active agent who usually incurs some pecuniary and always

some moral responsibility: a body of persons appointed to perform certain

duties: a warrant from the head of the state for holding various military

offices, whether combatant or non-combatant.--_v.t._ to give a commission

to: to empower: to send: to appoint.--_ns._ COMMIS'SION-AG'ENT,

COMMIS'SION-MER'CHANT, a person employed to sell goods delivered to him by

another (his principal), for a certain percentage--his _commission_ or

factorage; COMMISSIONAIRE', a messenger, or light porter: one employed

about public places and hotels to undertake light commissions.--_adj._

COMMIS'SIONED.--_ns._ COMMIS'SIONER, one who holds a commission to perform

some business: a member of a commission; COMMIS'SIONERSHIP.--COMMISSIONED

OFFICER, one appointed by commission--in the navy, the officers from the

lieutenant; in the army, from the ensign upwards. [From COMMIT.]

COMMISSURE, kom'mis-s[=u]r, _n._ a joint: place where two bodies meet and

unite: (_anat._) a term applied to nervous connections between adjacent

parts of the nervous system.--_adj._ COMMIS'SURAL. [L., _commissura_, a

joining, from root of COMMIT.]

COMMIT, kom-it', _v.t._ to give in charge or trust: to consign: to do: to

endanger: to involve: to pledge:--_pr.p._ commit'ting; _pa.p._

commit'ted.--_ns._ COMMIT'MENT, act of committing: an order for sending to

prison: imprisonment; COMMIT'TAL, commitment: a pledge, actual or implied;

COMMIT'TEE, a portion, generally consisting of not less than three members,

selected from a more numerous body, to whom some special act to be

performed, or investigation to be made, is committed;

COMMIT'TEESHIP.--COMMIT ONE'S SELF, to compromise one's self: to pledge

one's self wittingly or unwittingly to a certain course; COMMIT TO MEMORY,

to learn by heart. [L. _committ[)e]re_--_com_, with, _mitt[)e]re_, to

send.]

COMMIX, kom-iks', _v.t._ to mix together.--_v.i._ to mix.--_ns._

COMMIX'TION, COMMIX'TURE, act of mixing together: the state of being mixed:

the compound formed by mixing: the rite of putting a piece of the host into

the chalice, emblematic of the reunion of body and soul at the

Resurrection.

COMMODIOUS, kom-[=o]'di-us, _adj._ suitable or convenient: roomy, spacious:

(_Shak._) serviceable: comfortable.--_n._ COMMODE', a small sideboard: a

large, high head-dress formerly worn by ladies: a box for holding a chamber

utensil: a night-stool.--_adv._ COMM[=O]'DIOUSLY.--_ns._

COMM[=O]'DIOUSNESS; COMMOD'ITY, convenience: (_Shak._) profit: (_Shak._)

parcel: an article of traffic: (_pl._) goods, produce. [L.

_commodus_--_com_, with, _modus_, measure.]

COMMODORE, kom'o-d[=o]r, _n._ in the royal navy, a rank intermediate

between an admiral and a captain: the leading ship in a fleet of

merchantmen: the president of a yacht-club, also his vessel at a regatta.

[Perh. from Dut. _kommandeur_.]

COMMON, kom'un, _adj._ belonging equally to more than one: public: general:

usual: frequent: ordinary: easy to be had: of little value: vulgar: of low

degree.--_n._ (_Shak._) the commonalty: a tract of open land, used in

common by the inhabitants of a town, parish, &c.--_v.i._ (_Shak._) to

share.--_adj._ COMMON'ABLE, held in common.--_ns._ COMM'ONAGE, right of

pasturing on a common: the right of using anything in common: a common;

COMM'ONALTY, the general body of the people without any distinction of rank

or authority; COMM'ONER, one of the common people, as opposed to the

nobles: a member of the House of Commons: at Oxford, a student who pays for

his commons.--_adv._ COMM'ONLY.--_ns._ COMM'ONNESS; COMM'ONPLACE, a common

topic or subject: a platitude: a memorandum: a note.--_adj._ common:

hackneyed.--_v.i._ to make notes: to put in a commonplace-book.--_n._

COMM'ONPLACE-BOOK, a note or memorandum book.--_n.pl._ COMM'ONS, the common

people: their representatives--i.e. the lower House of Parliament or HOUSE

OF COMMONS: common land: food at a common table: at Oxford, rations served

at a fixed rate from the college buttery: food in general, rations.--_n._

COMM'ON-SENSE, average understanding: good sense or practical sagacity: the

opinion of a community: the universally admitted impressions of

mankind.--COMMON BENCH, COMMON PLEAS, one of the divisions of the High

Court of Justice; COMMON FORMS, the ordinary clauses which are of frequent

occurrence in identical terms in writs and deeds; COMMON LAW, in England,

the ancient customary law of the land; COMMON PRAYER (BOOK OF), the liturgy

of the Church of England; COMMON-RIDING, the Scotch equivalent of BEATING

THE BOUNDS (see BEAT); COMMON ROOM, in schools, colleges, &c., a room to

which the members have common access.--IN COMMON, together: equally with

others.--MAKE COMMON CAUSE WITH, to cast in one's lot with: to have the

same interests and aims with.--PHILOSOPHY OF COMMON-SENSE, that school of

philosophy which takes the universally admitted impressions of mankind as

corresponding to the facts of things without any further scrutiny.--SHORT

COMMONS, scant fare, insufficient supply of rations.--THE COMMON, that

which is common or usual; THE COMMON GOOD, the interest of the community at

large: the corporate property of a burgh in Scotland; THE COMMON PEOPLE,

the people in general. [Fr. _commun_--L. _communis_, prob. from _com_,

together, and _munis_, serving, obliging.]

COMMONWEAL, kom'un-w[=e]l, COMMONWEALTH, kom'un-welth, _n._ the common or

public good: the government in a free state: the public or whole body of

the people: a form of government in which the power rests with the people,

esp. that in England after the overthrow of Charles I. [See WEALTH.]

COMMOVE, kom-m[=oo]v', _v.t._ to put in motion: to agitate: to disturb,

excite.--_n._ COMM[=O]'TION, a violent motion or moving: excited or

tumultuous action, physical or mental: agitation: tumult. [L. _com_,

inten., and _mov[=e]re_, _motum_, to move.]

COMMUNE, kom'[=u]n, _n._ a corporation: in France, a territorial division

governed by a mayor.--The COMMUNE at Paris in 1871 was a revolt against the

national government, the principle of the revolt being that each city or

district should be ruled independently by its own commune or local

government.--_adj._ COMM[=U]'NAL (also COMM'UNAL).--_ns._

COMMUNALIS[=A]'TION; COMM[=U]'NALISM; COMM[=U]'NALIST. [Fr. _commune_. See

COMMON.]

COMMUNE, kom-[=u]n', _v.i._ to converse or talk together: to have

intercourse: to receive Holy Communion.--_ns._ COMM'UNE, converse: talk;

COMMUN'ING, conversing: communion. [O. Fr. _comuner_, to share--_comun_,

common.]

COMMUNICATE, kom-[=u]'ni-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to give a share of, impart: to

reveal: to bestow.--_v.i._ to have something in common with another: to

have communication: to have intercourse: to partake of Holy

Communion.--_ns._ COMMUNICABIL'ITY, COMM[=U]'NICABLENESS, the state of

being communicable.--_adj._ COMM[=U]'NICABLE, that may be communicated:

affable.--_adv._ COMM[=U]'NICABLY.--_ns._ COMM[=U]'NICANT, one who partakes

of Holy Communion; COMMUNIC[=A]'TION, act of communicating: that which is

communicated: intercourse: correspondence: a means of communicating, a

connecting passage or channel.--_adj._ COMM[=U]'NICATIVE, inclined to

communicate or give information: unreserved.--_adv._

COMM[=U]'NICATIVELY.--_n._ COMM[=U]'NICATIVENESS, the quality of being

communicative.--_adj._ COMM[=U]'NICATORY, imparting knowledge. [L.

_communic[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, from _communis_.]

COMMUNION, kom-[=u]n'yun, _n._ act of communing: mutual intercourse:

fellowship: common possession: interchange of transactions: union in

religious service: the body of people who so unite.--_n._ COMMUN'IONIST, a

communicant.--THE COMMUNION, HOLY COMMUNION, the celebration of the Lord's

Supper. [L. _communion-em_, from _communis_.]

COMMUNISM, kom'[=u]-nizm, _n._ a theory or condition of things according to

which private property should be abolished, and all things held in

common.--_n._ COMM'UNIST, one who holds such principles.--_adj._

COMMUNIST'IC, pertaining to communism.

COMMUNITY, kom-[=u]n'i-ti, _n._ common possession or enjoyment: agreement:

communion: (_Shak._) commonness: people having common rights, &c.: the

public in general: a body of persons in the same locality, e.g. 'village

community:' a monastic body.--_n._ COMMUNIT[=A]'RIAN, a member of a

community. [O. Fr.,--L. _communitas_--_communis_.]

COMMUTE, kom-[=u]t', _v.t._ to exchange: to exchange a punishment for one

less severe.--_n._ COMMUTABIL'ITY.--_adj._ COMMUT'ABLE, that may be

commuted or exchanged.--_n._ COMMUT[=A]'TION, the act of commuting: change

or exchange of one thing for another: the change of a penalty or rate from

a greater to a less.--_adj._ COMM[=U]'TATIVE (or COMM'), relating to

exchange: interchangeable.--_adv._ COMM[=U]'TATIVELY.--_n._ COMM'UT[=A]TOR,

an apparatus attached to many electric machines for reversing the

currents.--_adj._ COMMUT'UAL, mutual. [L. _commut[=a]re_--_com_, with

_mut[=a]re_, to change.]

COMOSE, k[=o]'m[=o]s, _adj._ hairy, comate. [L. _comosus_.]

COMPACT, kom-pakt', _adj._ fastened or packed together: firm: close:

brief.--_v.t._ to press closely together: to consolidate: (_Shak._) to

confirm.--_adj._ COMPACT'ED, firmly put together: compact.--_adv._

COMPACT'EDLY.--_n._ COMPACT'EDNESS.--_adv._ COMPACT'LY.--_ns._

COMPACT'NESS, state of being compact: closeness: solidity: terseness;

COMPAC'TURE (_Spens._) close union or knitting together; COMP[=A]GE',

COMP[=A]'GES, a structure of many parts. [Fr.,--L. _com_, _pactus_, pa.p.

of _comping[)e]re_--_com_, together, _pang[)e]re_, to fix. Cf. FANG.]

COMPACT, kom'pakt, _n._ a mutual bargain or agreement: a league, treaty, or

union: (_Shak._) league, in bad sense.--_adj._ united: leagued. [L.

_compactum_--_compacisci_, from _com_, with, and _pacisci_, to make a

bargain; cf. _pang[)e]re_.]

COMPAGINATE, kom-paj'i-n[=a]t, _v.t._ to join, connect.--_n._

COMPAGIN[=A]'TION. [L. _compagin[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_com_, together, and

_pang[)e]re_, to fasten, fix.]

COMPANION, kom-pan'yun, _n._ one who keeps company or frequently associates

with another: an associate or partner: a higher rank of servant, who,

though receiving pay, stands rather in the relation of a friend: fellow, in

a bad sense.--_v.t._ to accompany.--_adj._ of the nature of a companion:

accompanying.--_adjs._ COMPAN'IABLE (_obs._), sociable; COMPAN'IONABLE, fit

to be a companion: agreeable.--_n._ COMPAN'IONABLENESS.--_adv._

COMPAN'IONABLY.--_adj._ COMPAN'IONED, having a companion.--_ns._

COMPAN'IONHOOD, COMPAN'IONARY.--_adj._ COMPAN'IONLESS, without a

companion.--_n._ COMPAN'IONSHIP. [Fr. _compagnon_, from Low L. _companium_,

a mess--L. _com_, with, and _panis_, bread.]

COMPANION, kom-pan'yun, _n._ (_naut._) the skylight or window-frame through

which light passes to a lower deck or cabin: companion-ladder.--_ns._

COMPAN'ION-LADD'ER, the ladder or stair leading from the deck to the

officers' cabin; COMPAN'ION-WAY, a staircase from the deck to a cabin. [Cf.

Dut. _kompanje_; O. Fr. _compagne_; It. _compagne_.]

COMPANY, kum'pa-ni, _n._ any assembly of persons: a number of persons

associated together for trade, &c.: a society: a subdivision of a regiment:

the crew of a ship: state of being a companion: fellowship: associates:

society: a gathering of people for social intercourse.--_v.t._ to

accompany.--_v.i._ to associate.--BE GOOD, or BAD, COMPANY, to have, or to

lack, companionable qualities; KEEP COMPANY, to associate with: to court;

KNOW A MAN BY HIS COMPANY, to determine his character by the quality of his

friends. [Fr. _compagnie_. See COMPANION.]

COMPARE, kom-p[=a]r', _v.t._ to set things together, to ascertain how far

they agree or disagree: to liken or represent as similar: (_gram._) to

inflect an adjective.--_v.i._ to hold comparison.--_n._ (_obs._)

comparison: similitude.--_adj._ COM'PARABLE, that may be compared.--_n._

COM'PARABLENESS.--_adv._ COM'PARABLY.--_adj._ COMPAR'ATIVE, pertaining to

comparison: estimated by comparing with something else: not positive or

absolute: (_gram._) expressing more.--_adv._ COMPAR'ATIVELY.--_n._

COMPAR'ISON, the act of comparing: capacity of being compared: comparative

estimate: a simile or figure by which two things are compared: (_gram._)

the inflection of an adjective.--BEYOND COMPARE, without any rival.

[Fr.,--L. _compar[=a]re_, to match, from _com_, together, _par[=a]re_, to

make or esteem equal--_par_, equal.]

COMPARE, kom-p[=a]r', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to get or provide. [L.

_compar[=a]re_--_com_, inten., _par[=a]re_, to prepare.]

COMPARTMENT, kom-pärt'ment, _n._ a separate part or division of any

enclosed space: a division of a railway carriage: a division of

anything.--_v.t._ COMPART', to divide into parts. [Fr., from

_compartir_--L. _com_, with, _part[=i]re_, to part.]

COMPASS, kum'pas, _n._ a circuit or circle: space: limit: range, a limit of

tones of a voice or instrument: the circumference: girth: an instrument

consisting of a magnetised needle, used to steer ships by, &c., the needle

indicating on a card the absolute directions at any given time: (_pl._) an

instrument consisting of two movable legs, for describing circles,

&c.--_v.t._ to pass or go round: to surround or enclose: to besiege: to

bring about or obtain: to contrive or plot: to accomplish.--_adj._

COM'PASSABLE, capable of being compassed.--_ns._ COM'PASS-CARD, the

circular card of a compass; COM'PASSING, contrivance: design;

COM'PASS-PLANE, a plane, convex on the under side, for smoothing curved

timber; COM'PASS-SAW, a saw that cuts in a circular manner;

COM'PASS-SIG'NAL, a signal denoting a point in the compass;

COM'PASS-TIM'BER, curved timber, used for shipbuilding, &c.;

COM'PASS-WIN'DOW, a semicircular bay-window.--BOX THE COMPASS (see BOX);

FETCH A COMPASS, to go round in a circuit. [Fr. _compas_, a circle, prob.

from Low L. _compassus_--L. _com_, together, _passus_, a step.]

COMPASSION, kom-pash'un, _n._ fellow-feeling, or sorrow for the sufferings

of another: pity.--_v.t._ to pity.--_adjs._ COMPAS'SIONABLE, pitiable;

COMPAS'SIONATE, inclined to pity or mercy: merciful.--_v.t._ to have

compassion for: to have pity or mercy upon.--_adv._ COMPAS'SIONATELY.--_n._

COMPAS'SIONATENESS. [Fr.,--L. _compassio_--_com_, with, _pati_, _passus_,

to suffer.]

COMPATIBLE, kom-pat'i-bl, _adj._ consistent: agreeable: that can be endured

together.--_ns._ COMPATIBIL'ITY, COMPAT'IBLENESS, the quality of being

compatible.--_adv._ COMPAT'IBLY. [Fr.,--L. _com_, with, _pati_, to suffer.]

COMPATRIOT, kom-p[=a]'tri-ot, _adj._ of the same country.--_n._ one of the

same country.--_adj._ COMPATRIOT'IC.--_n._ COMP[=A]'TRIOTISM. [Fr.,--L.

_com_, with, and PATRIOT.]

COMPEAR, kom-p[=e]r', _v.i._ (_Scots law_) to appear in court.--_ns._

COMPEAR'ANCE; COMPEAR'ANT. [L. _compar[=e]re_--_com_, together,

_par[=e]re_, to appear.]

COMPEER, kom-p[=e]r', _n._ one who is equal to another: a companion: an

associate.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to equal. [L. _compar_--_com_, with, and

_par_, equal.]

COMPEL, kom-pel', _v.t._ to drive or urge on forcibly: to oblige: to force:

to obtain by hard labour:--_pr.p._ compel'ling; _pa.p._ compelled'.--_adj._

COMPEL'LABLE. [L. _com_, inten., _pell[)e]re_, _pulsum_, to drive.]

COMPELLATION, kom-pel-[=a]'shun, _n._ style of address: an

appellation.--_adj._ COMPEL'LATIVE.--_n._ compellation. [L.

_compell[=a]re_, _-atum_, to address, freq. of _compell[)e]re_.]

COMPEND, kom'pend, COMPENDIUM, kom-pen'di-um, _n._ a shortening or

abridgment: a book or treatise containing the substance of a larger one: an

epitome: an abstract.--_adj._ COMPEN'DIOUS, short: concise:

comprehensive.--_adv._ COMPEN'DIOUSLY.--_n._ COMPEN'DIOUSNESS. [L.

_compendium_, what is weighed together, or saved (opp. to

_dispendium_)--_com_, together, _pend[)e]re_, to weigh.]

COMPENSATE, kom'pen-s[=a]t, or kom-pen's[=a]t, _v.t._ to reward suitably:

to make amends for: to recompense: to counterbalance.--_n._

COMPENS[=A]'TION, act of compensating: reward for service: amends for loss

sustained: (_phys._) the neutralisation of opposing forces.--_adjs._

COMPEN'SATIVE, COMPEN'SATORY, giving compensation.--_n._ COM'PENS[=A]TOR,

one who or that which compensates.--COMPENSATION BALANCE, PENDULUM, a

balance-wheel or pendulum so constructed as to counteract the effect of the

expansion and contraction of the metal under variation of temperature. [L.

_com_, inten., and _pens[=a]re_, freq. of _pend[)e]re_, to weigh.]

COMPESCE, kom-pes', _v.t._ to restrain. [L. _compesc[)e]re_--_compes_, a

fetter--_com_, together, _pes_, a foot.]

COMPETE, kom-p[=e]t', _v.i._ to seek or strive with others for something:

to contend for a prize.--_n._ COMPETI'TION, the act of competing: common

strife for the same object.--_adj._ COMPET'ITIVE, pertaining to or

characterised by competition.--_n._ COMPET'ITOR, one who competes: a rival

or opponent. [L. _compet[)e]re_--_com_, together, _pet[)e]re_, to seek.]

COMPETENT, kom'pe-tent, _adj._ suitable: sufficient: fit: belonging:

legally qualified: legitimate.--_ns._ COM'PETENCE, COM'PETENCY, fitness:

capacity: sufficiency: competent circumstances: legal power or

capacity.--_adv._ COM'PETENTLY. [Fr.,--L. _compet[)e]re_--_com_, with,

_pet[)e]re_, to seek, to strive after.]

COMPILE, kom-p[=i]l', _v.t._ to write or compose by collecting the

materials from other books: to draw up or collect: to compose.--_ns._

COMPIL[=A]'TION, the act of compiling: the thing compiled, a literary work

made by gathering the material from various authors; COMPILE'MENT, a

compilation; COMPIL'ER, COM'PIL[=A]TOR, one who compiles. [Fr. _compiler_,

prob. from L. _compil[=a]re_--_com_, together, _pil[=a]re_, to plunder.]

COMPLACENT, kom-pl[=a]'sent, _adj._ showing satisfaction: pleased: inclined

to please.--_ns._ COMPL[=A]'CENCE, COMPL[=A]'CENCY, pleasure: satisfaction:

complaisance.--_adv._ COMPL[=A]'CENTLY. [L. _complac[=e]re_--_com_, inten.,

_plac[=e]re_, to please.]

COMPLAIN, kom-pl[=a]n', _v.i._ to express grief, pain, censure: to murmur

or express a sense of injury: to accuse: to make a mournful sound: to be

ill--e.g. 'to complain of a sore throat.'--_n._ complaint.--_ns._

COMPLAIN'ANT, one who complains: (_law_) one who raises a suit, a

plaintiff; COMPLAIN'ER, a murmurer: complainant; COMPLAIN'ING, the action

of the verb _complain_: complaint.--_adv._ COMPLAIN'INGLY.--_n._

COMPLAINT', a complaining: an expression of grief: a representation of

pains or injuries: a finding fault: the thing complained of: a disease: an

ailment. [Fr. _complaindre_--Low L. _complang[)e]re_--L. _com_, inten.,

_plang[)e]re_, bewail.]

COMPLAISANT, kom'pl[=a]-zant, or kom-pl[=a]-zant', _adj._ desirous of

pleasing; obliging.--_n._ COM'PLAISANCE (or COMPLAISANCE'), care or desire

to please: an obliging civility.--_adv._ COM'PLAISANTLY (or

COMPLAISANT'LY). [Fr.,--_complaire_--L. _complac[=e]re_.]

COMPLECT, kom-plekt', _v.t._ to embrace: to interweave.--_adj._

COMPLECT'ED, interwoven. [L. _complecti_, to embrace--_com_, and

_plect[)e]re_, to twine.]

COMPLEMENT, kom'ple-ment, _n._ that which completes or fills up: full

number or quantity: (_Shak._) politeness.--_v.t._ COMPLEMENT', to

supplement: (_arch._) to compliment.--_adjs._ COMPLEMENT'AL, completing:

(_Shak._) complimental; COMPLEMENT'ARY, completing: together making up a

whole.--COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES, angles which together make up a right angle.

[L. _complementum_--_com_, and _pl[=e]re_, to fill.]

COMPLETE, kom-pl[=e]t', _adj._ free from deficiency: perfect: finished:

entire.--_v.t._ to finish: to make perfect or entire: to

accomplish.--_adjs._ COMPL[=E]T'ABLE; COMPL[=E]T'ED.--_adv._

COMPLETE'LY.--_ns._ COMPLETE'NESS, the state of being complete;

COMPL[=E]'TION, the act of completing: the state of being complete:

fulfilment.--_adjs._ COMPL[=E]T'IVE; COMPL[=E]T'ORY, fulfilling:

completing. [L. _compl[=e]re_, _-[=e]tum_, to fill up--_com_, inten., and

_pl[=e]re_, to fill.]

COMPLEX, kom'pleks, _adj._ composed of more than one, or of many parts: not

simple: intricate: difficult.--_n._ a complex whole.--_v.t._ to

complicate.--_ns._ COMPLEX'EDNESS, COM'PLEXNESS, COMPLEX'ITY, state of

being complex: complication.--_adv._ COM'PLEXLY.--_n._ COMPLEX'US, a

complicated system: a large muscle of the back, passing from the spine to

the head. [L. _complex_--_com_, together, and root of _plic[=a]re_, to

fold. See COMPLICATE.]

COMPLEXION, kom-plek'shun, _n._ disposition: colour: quality: colour or

look of the skin, esp. of the face: general appearance, temperament, or

texture: (_Shak._) bodily constitution.--_v.t._ to give a colour

to.--_adjs._ COMPLEX'IONAL, pertaining to the complexion; COMPLEX'IONED,

having a certain complexion, or temperament; COMPLEX'IONLESS, colourless:

pale. [Fr.,--L. _complexio_, a combination, physical structure of

body--_complecti_, _complexus_, to embrace--_plect[)e]re_, to plait.]

COMPLIANCE, kom-pl[=i]'ans, _n._ a yielding: agreement: complaisance:

assent: submission (in bad sense).--_adj._ COMPL[=I]'ABLE, disposed to

comply.--_n._ COMPL[=I]'ANCY, compliance.--_adj._ COMPL[=I]'ANT, yielding:

pliant: civil.--_adv._ COMPL[=I]'ANTLY.--IN COMPLIANCE WITH, in agreement

with. [See COMPLY.]

COMPLICATE, kom'pli-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to twist or plait together: to render

complex: to entangle.--_adj._ complex: involved.--_n._ COM'PLICACY, the

quality or state of being complicated.--_adj._ COM'PLICATED, intricate,

confused.--_n._ COMPLIC[=A]'TION, an intricate blending or

entanglement.--_adj._ COM'PLICATIVE, tending to complicate.--COMPLICATED

FRACTURE, a fracture where there is some other injury (e.g. a flesh wound

not communicating with the fracture, a dislocation, a rupture of a large

blood-vessel); COMPLICATION OF DISEASES, a number of diseases present at

the same time. [L. _com_, together, and _plic[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to fold.]

COMPLICE, kom'plis, _n._ (_Shak._) an associate: an accomplice.--_n._

COMPLIC'ITY, state or condition of being an accomplice: complexity.

COMPLIMENT, kom'pli-ment, _n._ an expression of regard or praise: delicate

flattery: an expression of formal respect or civility: a present.--_v.t._

COMPLIMENT', to pay a compliment to: to express respect for: to praise: to

flatter: to congratulate: to make a present.--_v.i._ to make

compliments.--_adjs._ COMPLIMENT'AL, expressing or implying compliment;

COMPLIMENT'ARY, conveying, or expressive of, civility or praise: using

compliments.--_n._ COMPLIMENT'ER, one who pays compliments.--COMPLIMENTS OF

THE SEASON, compliments appropriate to special times, as Christmas and

birthdays; LEFT-HANDED COMPLIMENT, a saying intended to seem a compliment,

but in reality the reverse; PAY, or PRESENT, ONE'S COMPLIMENTS, to give

one's respects or greeting. [Fr. _compliment_--L. _complementum_. See

COMPLY.]

COMPLINE, COMPLIN, kom'plin, _n._ the 7th and last service of the day, at 9

P.M., completing the canonical hours. [O. Fr. _conplie_ (mod.

_complies_)--L. _completa_ (_hora_).]

COMPLISH, kom'plish, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to accomplish.

COMPLOT, kom'plot, _n._ a conspiracy.--_v.i._ COMPLOT', to plot together,

to conspire.--_v.t._ to plan.--_pr.p._ complot'ting; _pa.p._ complot'ted.

[Fr.]

COMPLUVIUM, kom-pl[=oo]'vi-um, _n._ a quadrangular open space in the middle

of a Roman house, which carried the rain-water from the roofs to a basin

(_impluvium_) placed below. [L.]

COMPLY, kom-pl[=i]', _v.i._ to yield to the wishes of another: to agree or

consent to (_with_):--_pr.p._ comply'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._

complied'.--_n._ COMPL[=I]'ER, one who complies.--_p.adj._ COMPLY'ING,

compliant. [It. _complire_, to fulfil, to suit, to offer courtesies--L.

_compl[=e]re_, to fulfil.]

COMPO, kom'p[=o], _n._ a mixture of whiting, resin, and glue for

ornamenting walls and cornices; a bankrupt's composition. [Abbrev. of

COMPOSITION.]

COMPONENT, kom-p[=o]'nent, _adj._ making up: forming one of the elements of

a compound.--_n._ one of the elements of a compound.--_n._

COMP[=O]'NENCY.--_adj._ COMPONENT'AL. [L. _compon[)e]re_.]

COMPORT, kom-p[=o]rt', _v.i._ to agree, suit (_with_).--_v.t._ to bear

one's self: to behave.--_n._ manner of acting.--_ns._ COMPORT'ANCE

(_Spens._); COMPORT'MENT, behaviour. [L. _comport[=a]re_--_com_, together,

and _port[=a]re_, to carry.]

COMPOSE, kom-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to form by putting two or more parts or things

together: to place in proper order, to put together, to arrange

artistically the elements of a landscape for painting: to settle or set at

rest: to soothe: to set up or place types in order for printing: to

originate or write as author, to set to music.--_p.adj._ COMPOSED',

settled, quiet, calm.--_adv._ COMPOS'EDLY.--_ns._ COMPOS'EDNESS; COMPOS'ER,

a writer, an author, esp. of a piece of music.--_adj._ COM'POSITE, made up

of two or more distinct parts: (_archit._) a blending of the Ionic and the

Corinthian orders: (_bot._) belonging to the natural order _Compositæ_,

having compound or composite flowers--heads of flowers composed of a number

of florets on a common receptacle, surrounded by bracts forming a leafy

involucre, like single flowers.--_adv._ COM'POSITELY.--_ns._

COM'POSITENESS; COMPOS'ING-STICK, an instrument with a sliding adjustment,

used for holding printing-types before they are put on the galley;

COMPOS'ITION, the act of putting together, or that which is put together:

the thing composed, as a work in literature, music, or painting: mental

constitution: artistic manner, style in writing or painting: a coming

together or agreement, an arrangement or compromise: a certain percentage

which creditors agree to accept in lieu of the full payment of a bankrupt's

debts: (_mech._) the compounding of two velocities or forces into a single

velocity or force which shall be their equivalent.--_adj._

COMPOS'ITIVE.--_ns._ COMPOS'ITOR, one who puts together, or sets up, types

for printing; COM'POST, COMPOST'URE (_Shak._) a mixture for manure: a kind

of plaster; COMP[=O]'SURE, calmness: self-possession:

tranquillity.--COMPOSITE CANDLE, one made of a mixture of stearic acid and

the stearin of coco-nut oil; COMPOSITE CARRIAGE, a railway-carriage with

compartments of different classes; COMPOSITE PORTRAIT, a single portrait

produced by combining those of a number of persons; COMPOSITION OF A

FELONY, the act of abstaining from prosecution for some

consideration--itself punishable by fine and imprisonment. [Fr. _composer_,

from L. _cum_, and _paus[=a]re_, to cease, to rest.]

COMPOS MENTIS, kom'pos ment'is, _adj. phrase_, in one's right

mind--sometimes merely COMPOS. [L.]

COMPOSSIBLE, kom-pos'i-bl, _adj._ possible in co-existence with something

else.--_n._ COMPOSSIBIL'ITY. [L. _com-_, and POSSIBLE.]

COMPOT, kom'pot, _n._ fruit preserved in syrup. [Fr. _compote_.]

COMPOTATION, kom-po-t[=a]'shun, _n._ a carouse together.--_ns._

COMPOT[=A]'TIONSHIP; COM'POTATOR, a bottle-companion.--_adj._ COMPOT'ATORY.

[L. _compotationem_--_com_, together, _pot[=a]re_, to drink.]

COMPOUND, kom-pownd', _v.t._ to mix or combine: to settle or adjust by

agreement.--_v.i._ to agree, or come to terms: to bargain in the

lump.--_adj._ COM'POUND, mixed or composed of a number of parts: not

simple, dealing with numbers of various denominations of quantity, &c., as

in 'compound addition,' &c.; or with processes more complex than the simple

process, as in 'compound proportion,' &c.--_n._ a mass made up of a number

of parts: the usual name in India for the enclosure in which a house

stands, with its outhouses, yard, and garden: a compounded drug.--_n._

COMPOUND'ER.--COMPOUND ENGINE, a condensing engine in which the mechanical

action of the steam is begun in one cylinder, and ended in a larger

cylinder; COMPOUND FRACTURE, a broken bone, communicating with a

co-existing skin wound; COMPOUND HOUSEHOLDER, one who pays his rates in his

rent, the landlord being immediately chargeable with them; COMPOUND

INTEREST, the charge made where--the interest not being paid when due--it

is added to the principal, forming the amount upon which the subsequent

year's interest is computed; COMPOUND QUANTITY (_alg._), a quantity

consisting of more than one term, as _a + b_; COMPOUND TIME (_mus._), time

in which each bar is made up of two or more simple bars. [O. Fr., from L.

_compon[)e]re_--_com_, together, _pon[)e]re_, to place.]

COMPREHEND, kom-pre-hend', _v.t._ to seize or take up with the mind, to

understand: to comprise or include.--_ns._ COMPREHENSIBIL'ITY,

COMPREHEN'SIBLENESS.--_adj._ COMPREHEN'SIBLE, capable of being

understood.--_adv._ COMPREHEN'SIBLY.--_n._ COMPREHEN'SION, power of the

mind to understand: (_logic_) the intension of a term or the sum of the

qualities implied in the term: the inclusion of Nonconformists within the

Church of England.--_adj._ COMPREHEN'SIVE, having the quality or power of

comprehending much: extensive: full.--_adv._ COMPREHEN'SIVELY.--_n._

COMPREHEN'SIVENESS. [L. _comprehend[)e]re_, to seize.]

COMPRESS, kom-pres', _v.t._ to press together: to force into a narrower

space: to condense or concentrate.--_n._ COM'PRESS, soft folds of linen,

&c., formed into a pad, and used in surgery to apply any requisite pressure

to any part: a wet cloth, covered with waterproof, applied to the

skin.--_adj._ COMPRESSED'.--_ns._ COMPRESSIBIL'ITY, COMPRES'SIBLENESS, the

property that bodies have of being reduced in volume by pressure--the ratio

of the amount of compression per unit volume to the compressing force

applied.--_adj._ COMPRES'SIBLE, that may be compressed.--_n._ COMPRES'SION,

act of compressing: state of being compressed, condensation.--_adjs._

COMPRES'SIONAL; COMPRES'SIVE, able to compress.--_ns._ COMPRES'SOR,

anything that compresses; a muscle that compresses certain parts;

COMPRES'SURE.--COMPRESSED-AIR BATH, a strong chamber of iron plates in

which a patient can sit, and into which air is driven by a steam-engine to

any required pressure; COMPRESSED-AIR MOTOR, any mode of employing air as a

motive-power, as in automatic railway-brakes, &c. [L. _compress[=a]re_,

_com_, together, and _press[=a]re_, to press--_prem[)e]re_, _pressum_, to

press.]

COMPRINT, kom-print', _v.t._ to share in printing--of the former privilege

shared with the Stationers' Company and the King's Printer by Oxford and

Cambridge.

COMPRISE, kom-pr[=i]z', _v.t._ to contain, include: to sum up.--_adj._

COMPRIS'ABLE.--_n._ COMPRIS'AL, the act of comprising.--_p.adjs._

COMPRISED', included; COMPRIS'ING, including. [Fr. _compris_, pa.p. of

_comprendre_--L. _comprehend[)e]re_. See COMPREHEND.]

COMPROMISE, kom'pr[=o]-m[=i]z, _n._ a settlement of differences by mutual

concession, adjustment of one's theories or principles.--_v.t._ to settle

by mutual agreement and concession: to pledge: to involve or bring into

question--to expose one's self to risk of danger or

misunderstanding.--_p.adj._ COM'PROMISED, exposed to danger or discredit.

[Fr. _compromis_--L. _compromitt[)e]re_, _-missum_--_com_, together,

_promitt[)e]re_, to promise.]

COMPROVINCIAL, kom-pro-vin'shal, _adj._ (_Spens._) belonging to the same

province.

COMPT, COMPTER, COMPTIBLE, obs. forms of COUNT, &c.

COMPTROLL, COMPTROLLER. See under CONTROL.

COMPULSE, kom-puls', _v.t._ to compel.--_adjs._ COMPUL'SATORY,

COMPUL'SATIVE (_Shak._), compulsory.--_p.adj._ COMPULSED',

compelled.--_ns._ COMPUL'SION, the act of compelling: force: necessity:

violence; COMPUL'SITOR (_Scots law_), that which compels.--_adj._

COMPUL'SIVE, coercive: with power to compel.--_adv._ COMPUL'SIVELY;

COMPUL'SORILY.--_adj._ COMPUL'SORY, compelled: obligatory: compelling. [L.

_compuls[=a]re_, freq. of _compell[)e]re_, to compel.]

COMPUNCTION, kom-pungk'shun, _n._ uneasiness of conscience: remorse:

regret: pity.--_adj._ COMPUNC'TIOUS, feeling or causing compunction:

repentant: remorseful.--_adv._ COMPUNC'TIOUSLY.--WITHOUT COMPUNCTION, with

no feeling of sorrow or regret. [O. Fr.,--L. _compunctio_, _-nis_--_com_,

inten., and _pung[)e]re_, _punctum_, to prick.]

COMPURGATION, kom-pur-g[=a]'shun, _n._ the custom, in Anglo-Saxon law, of

permitting the accused to call in witnesses to prove his innocency, by

joining their oaths to his: evidence in favour of the accused:

vindication.--_n._ COM'PURGATOR, one who testifies to the innocency or

veracity of another.--_adjs._ COMPURGAT[=O]'RIAL, COMPUR'GATORY. [L.

_compurg[=a]re_, to purify wholly. See PURGE.]

COMPURSION, kom-pur'shun, _n._ a pursing together (_Sterne_).

COMPUTE, kom-p[=u]t', _v.t._ to calculate: to number: to estimate.--_adj._

COMPUT'ABLE, calculable.--_ns._ COM'PUTANT, COMPUT'ER, COM'PUTIST, a

calculator; COMPUT[=A]'TION, act of computing: reckoning: estimate.--_adj._

COMPUT'[=A]TIVE, given to computation.--_n._ COM'PUT[=A]TOR. [L.

_comput[=a]re_, from _com_, together, _put[=a]re_, to reckon.]

COMRADE, kom'r[=a]d, _n._ a close companion: an intimate associate--_ns._

COM'RADERY; COM'RADESHIP. [Sp. _camarada_, a roomful, a chamber-mate--L.

_camera_, a chamber.]

COMTISM, komt'ism, _n._ the philosophical system of August _Comte_, the

founder of Positivism (1798-1857).--_adj._ COM'TIAN.--_n._ and _adj._

COMT'IST.

COMUS, k[=o]'mus, _n._ a god of mirth: a revel. [L.,--Gr. _k[=o]mos_, a

revel.]

CON., kon, a contraction of L. _contra_, against, as in PRO AND CON., for

and against.

CON, kon, _v.t._ to study carefully: to commit to memory:--_pr.p._

con'ning; _pa.p._ conned.--_n._ CON'NING, learning by heart; poring over.

[A.S. _cunnian_, to try to know--_cunnan_, to know.]

CON, CONN, kon, kun, _v.t._ to direct the steering of a ship.--_n._ the act

of conning.--_ns._ CON'NING, directing the steering; CON'NING-TOW'ER, the

pilot-house of a war-ship. [Prob. conn. with preceding.]

CON, kon, _n._ a knock. [Fr. _cogner_, to knock.]

CONACRE, kon'[=a]-k[.e]r, _n._ the custom of letting land in Ireland in

small portions for a single crop, the rent paid in money or in labour--also

CORN'ACRE.--_v.t._ to sublet in conacre.--_n._ CON'ACREISM.

CONARIUM, k[=o]-n[=a]'ri-um, _n._ the pineal gland of the brain.--_adj._

CON[=A]'RIAL. [Gr. _k[=o]narion_.]

CONATUS, ko-n[=a]'tus, _n._ an effort: an impulse.--_n._ CON[=A]'TION, the

faculty of free agency, including desire and volition.--_adj._

CON[=A]'TIVE. [L. _con[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_, to endeavour.]

CONCATENATE, kon-kat'e-n[=a]t, _v.t._ to chain or link together: to connect

in a series.--_n._ CONCATEN[=A]'TION, a series of links united: a series of

things depending on each other. [L. _con_, together, and _catena_, a

chain.]

CONCAUSE, kon'kawz, _n._ a co-operating cause.

CONCAVE, kon'k[=a]v, _adj._ curved, vaulted, or arched, applied to the

inner side of any curved line or rounded body, and opposed to _convex_,

which is applied to the outside.--_n._ a hollow: an arch or vault.--_adv._

CON'CAVELY.--_n._ CONCAV'ITY, the quality of being concave: the inner

surface of a concave or hollow body.--_adjs._ CONC[=A]'VO-CON'CAVE, or

DOUB'LE-CON'CAVE, concave on both sides of a lens; CONC[=A]'VO-CON'VEX,

concave on one side, and convex on the other. [L. _concavus_, from _con_,

inten., and _cavus_, hollow. See CAVE.]

CONCEAL, kon-s[=e]l', _v.t._ to hide completely or carefully: to keep

secret; to disguise: to keep from telling.--_adjs._ CONCEAL'ABLE, that may

be concealed; CONCEALED', hidden.--_n._ CONCEAL'MENT, act of concealing:

secrecy: disguise: hiding-place: (_Shak._) a mystery. [O. Fr.

_conceler_--L. _concel[=a]re_, from _con_, inten., and _cel[=a]re_, to

hide.]

CONCEDE, kon-s[=e]d', _v.t._ to cede or give up: to quit: to surrender: to

admit: to grant.--_v.i._ to admit or grant.--_n._ CONCED'ER. [L.

_conced[)e]re_, _-cessum_--_con_, wholly and _ced[)e]re_, to yield.]

CONCEIT, kon-s[=e]t', _n._ over-estimate of one's self: too favourable

opinion of one's own good qualities: a pleasant, fantastical, or affected

notion: wit: (_Spens._) idea: (_Shak._) understanding: estimate.--_v.t._ to

conceive: to think.--_adj._ CONCEIT'ED, clever, witty, fantastical (_obs.

uses_): having a high opinion of one's self: egotistical.--_adv._

CONCEIT'EDLY.--_n._ CONCEIT'EDNESS.--_adj._ CONCEIT'LESS (_Shak._), without

conceit, stupid.--OUT OF CONCEIT WITH, no longer fond of. [Through a Fr.

form _conceit_, from L. _conceptus_, pa.p. of _concip[)e]re_.]

CONCEIVE, kon-s[=e]v', _v.t._ to receive into and form in the womb: to form

in the mind: to imagine or think: to understand: to express.--_v.i._ to

become pregnant: to think.--_ns._ CONCEIVABIL'ITY,

CONCEIV'ABLENESS.--_adj._ CONCEIV'ABLE, that may be conceived, understood,

or believed.--_adv._ CONCEIV'ABLY.--_adj._ CONCEIVED', imagined, thought.

[O. Fr. _concever_--L. _concip[)e]re_, _conceptum_, from _con_, and

_cap[)e]re_, to take.]

CONCENT, kon-sent', _n._ a harmony or concord of sounds: concert of

voices.--_v.i._ (_Spens._) to harmonise. [L. _concentus_, pa.p. of

_concin[)e]re_--_con_, together, _can[)e]re_, to sing.]

CONCENTRATE, kon'sen-tr[=a]t, or kon-sen'-, _v.t._ to bring towards a

common centre: to bring into a closer union: to condense, to render more

intense the properties of.--_adj._ CONCEN'TRATED (also CON'-).--_n._

CONCENTR[=A]'TION, act of concentrating: condensation: the keeping of the

mind fixed on something.--_adj._ CONCEN'TRATIVE, tending to

concentrate.--_n._ CONCEN'TRATIVENESS. [A lengthened form of CONCENTRE.]

CONCENTRE, kon-sent'[.e]r, _v.i._ to tend to or meet in a common centre: to

be concentric.--_v.t._ to bring or direct to a common centre or

point:--_pr.p._ concent'ring; _pa.p._ concent'red or concent'ered.--_adjs._

CONCEN'TRIC, -AL, having a common centre.--_adv._ CONCEN'TRICALLY.--_n._

CONCENTRIC'ITY. [Fr. _concentrer_--L. _con_, with, _centrum_, the centre.]

CONCEPT, kon'sept, _n._ a thing conceived, a general notion.--_ns._

CONCEP'TACLE, that in which anything is contained, a receptacle: (_bot._) a

pericarp of one valve, a follicle: a cavity enclosing the reproductive

cells in certain plants and animals; CONCEP'TION, the act of conceiving:

the thing conceived; the formation in the mind of an image or idea: a

notion: (_Shak._) a mere fancy: a plan: a concept; CONCEP'TIONIST.--_adjs._

CONCEP'TIOUS (_Shak._), fruitful; CONCEPT'IVE, capable of conceiving

mentally; CONCEP'TUAL, pertaining to conception.--_ns._ CONSEP'TUALISM, the

doctrine in philosophy that universals have an existence in the mind apart

from any concrete embodiment; CONCEP'TUALIST, one who holds this

doctrine.--_adj._ CONCEPTUALIS'TIC. [L. _concip[)e]re_, _-ceptum_, to

conceive.]

CONCERN, kon-sern', _v.t._ to relate or belong to: to affect or interest:

to make uneasy: to trouble: to have to do with: to be affected.--_n._ that

which concerns or belongs to one: interest: regard: anxiety: a business, or

those connected with it.--_adj._ CONCERNED', having connection with:

interested: anxious.--_adv._ CONCERN'EDLY.--_n._ CONCERN'EDNESS.--_prep._

CONCERN'ING, regarding: pertaining to.--_n._ CONCERN'MENT, a thing in which

one is concerned: an affair: importance: interest: interference. [Fr.,--L.

_concern[)e]re_, _con_, together, _cern[)e]re_, to see.]

CONCERT, kon's[.e]rt, _n._ union or agreement in any undertaking: harmony:

musical harmony: a musical entertainment.--_v.t._ CONCERT', to frame or

devise together: to arrange, adjust.--_p.adj._ CONCERT'ED, mutually

planned: arranged.--_ns._ CONCERTINA (kon-ser-t[=e]'na), a musical

instrument consisting of a pair of bellows, usually polygonal, the sounds

produced by free vibrating reeds of metal, as in the accordion; CONCER'TO,

a musical composition for a solo instrument, with orchestral

accompaniments.--CONCERT PITCH (_mus._), the pitch at which instruments for

concert use are tuned. [Fr. _concerter_--It. _concert[=a]re_, to sing in

concert.]

CONCESSION, kon-sesh'un, _n._ the act of conceding: the thing conceded: a

grant.--_adj._ CONCES'SIBLE.--_n._ CONCESSIONAIRE', one who has obtained a

concession.--_adj._ CONCES'SIONARY.--_n._ CONCES'SIONIST.--_adj._

CONCES'SIVE, implying concession. [CONCEDE.]

CONCETTO, kon-chet'to, _n._ an ingenious turn of expression: a

conceit:--_pl._ CONCET'TI.--_n._ CONCET'TISM, the use of concetti.

[It.,--L. _conceptum_, conceit.]

CONCH, kongk, _n._ a marine shell: a spiral shell used by the Tritons as a

trumpet, and still used by some African peoples in war: a name for the

native whites of the Bahamas, owing to their use of conchs as food:

(_archit._) the semidome of an apse; the apse itself.--_n._ CONCHIF'ERA, a

term applied by Lamarck to bivalve molluscs and to very different

Brachiopods.--_adjs._ CONCHIF'EROUS, having a shell; CONCH'IFORM,

conch-shaped.--_n._ CONCH'OID, a plane curve invented to solve the problem

of trisecting a plane angle, doubling the cube, &c.--_adjs._ CONCHOID'AL,

pertaining to a conchoid: shell-like, applied to the fracture of a mineral;

CONCHOLOG'ICAL, pertaining to conchology.--_ns._ CONCHOL'OGIST;

CONCHOL'OGY, that branch of natural history which deals with the shells of

molluscs. [L. _concha_--Gr. _kongch[=e]_; Sans. _cankha_, a shell; conn.

with COCKLE.]

CONCHA, kong'ka, _n._ the central cavity of the outer ear: the outer ear:

(_archit._) conch. [L. _concha_.]

CONCIERGE, kong-si-erj', _n._ a warden: a janitor. [Fr.; der. unknown.]

CONCILIAR, kon-sil'i-ar, _adj._ pertaining to a council.--Also CONCIL'IARY.

CONCILIATE, kon-sil'i-[=a]t, _v.t._ to gain, or win over: to gain the love

or good-will of such as have been indifferent or hostile: to

pacify.--_v.i._ to make friends.--_adj._ CONCIL'IABLE (_obs._).--_n._

CONCILI[=A]'TION, act of conciliating.--_adj._ CONCIL'I[=A]TIVE.--_n._

CONCIL'I[=A]TOR.--_adj._ CONCIL'IATORY. [L. _concili[=a]re_,

_-[=a]tum_--_concilium_, council.]

CONCINNITY, kon-sin'i-ti, _n._ harmony: congruity: elegance.--_adj._

CONCINN'OUS, elegant: harmonious. [L. _concinnus_, well adjusted.]

CONCIPIENT, kon-sip'i-ent, _adj._ that which conceives.--_n._ CONCIP'IENCY.

CONCISE, kon-s[=i]s', _adj._ cut short: brief.--_v.t._ (_Milt._) to

mutilate.--_adv._ CONCISE'LY.--_ns._ CONCISE'NESS, the quality of being

concise: terseness [Fr.,--L. _concid[)e]re_, _concisum_, from _con_, and

_cæd[)e]re_, to cut.]

CONCISION, kon-sizh'on, _n._ mutilation: (_B._) circumcision: conciseness.

CONCLAMATION, kon-kla-m[=a]'shun, _n._ a shout of many together.

CONCLAVE, kon'kl[=a]v, _n._ the room in which cardinals meet to elect a

pope: the body of cardinals: any close assembly.--_n._ CON'CLAVIST, an

attendant on a cardinal in conclave. [L. _conclave_, from _con_, together,

_clavis_, a key.]

CONCLUDE, kon-kl[=oo]d', _v.t._ to close: to end: to oblige.--_v.i._ to

end: to infer: to form a final judgment.--_p.adj._ CONCLUD'ED, finished:

settled.--_adj._ CONCLUD'ING, final, closing.--_n._ CONCLU'SION, act of

concluding: the end, close, or last part: inference: judgment: an

experiment: (_Shak._) a riddle.--_adjs._ CONCLUS'IVE, CONCLU'SORY, final:

convincing.--_adv._ CONCLUS'IVELY.--_n._ CONCLUS'IVENESS.--IN CONCLUSION,

finally.--TO TRY CONCLUSIONS, to experiment: to engage in a contest. [L.

_conclud[)e]re_, _conclusum_--_con_, together, _claud[)e]re_, to shut.]

CONCOCT, kon-kokt', _v.t._ to digest: to prepare or mature: to make up a

mixture: to plan, devise: to fabricate.--_ns._ CONCOCT'ER, CONCOCT'OR;

CONCOC'TION, act of concocting: ripening: preparation of a medical

prescription, &c.: a made-up story.--_adj._ CONCOCT'IVE, pertaining to

concoction. [L. _concoqu[)e]re_, _concoctum_--_con_, together, and

_coqu[)e]re_, to cook, to boil.]

CONCOMITANT, kon-kom'i-tant, _adj._ accompanying or going along with:

conjoined with.--_n._ he who or that which accompanies.--_ns._

CONCOM'ITANCE, CONCOM'ITANCY, state of being concomitant.--_adv._

CONCOM'ITANTLY. [L. _con_, with, and _comitans_, pr.p. of _comit[=a]ri_, to

accompany--_comes_, a companion.]

CONCORD, kon'kord, or kong'-, _n._ state of being of the same heart or

mind: union: harmony: agreement: a combination of notes which is pleasant

to the ear.--_v.i._ to agree: to harmonise.--_n._ CONCORD'ANCE, agreement:

an index or dictionary of the leading words or passages of a book, esp. of

the Bible.--_adj._ CONCORD'ANT, harmonious, united.--_adv._

CONCORD'ANTLY.--_n._ CONCORD'AT, a term, though sometimes used of secular

treaties, generally employed to denote an agreement made between the pope

and a secular government.--_adj._ CONCOR'DIAL, harmonious. [Fr.

_concorde_--L. _concordia_--_concors_, of the same heart, from _con_,

together, _cor_, _cordis_, the heart.]

CONCORPORATE, kon-kor'por-[=a]t, _v.t._ to unite in one body.--_adj._

united in one body. [L. _con_, together, and CORPORATE.]

CONCOURSE, kon'k[=o]rs, or kong'-, _n._ an assembly of persons or things

running or drawn together: (_Scots law_) concurrence of an officer, who has

legal right to grant it. [Fr.,--L. _concursus_--_con_, together,

_curr[)e]re_, to run.]

CONCREATE, kon'kr[=e]-[=a]t, _v.t._ to create with or at the same time.

CONCREMATION, kon-kr[=e]-m[=a]'shun, _n._ a burning up or together,

cremation.

CONCRESCENCE, kon-kres'ens, _n._ increment: a growing together of cells or

other organisms. [L. _concrescentia_--_con_, together, _cresc[)e]re_, to

grow.]

CONCRETE, kon'kr[=e]t, _adj._ formed into one mass: the opposite of

_abstract_, and denoting a particular thing: made of concrete.--_n._ a mass

formed by parts growing or sticking together: a mixture of lime, sand,

pebbles, &c., used in building.--_v.t._ CONCR[=E]TE', to form into a solid

mass.--_v.i._ to harden.--_adv._ CONCR[=E]TE'LY.--_ns._ CONCR[=E]TE'NESS;

CONCR[=E]'TION, a mass concreted: a growth forming in certain parts of the

body, as calculi, &c.--_adjs._ CONCR[=E]'TIONARY; CONCR[=E]T'IVE, having

power to concrete. [L. _concretus_--_con_, together, _cresc[)e]re_,

_cretum_, to grow.]

CONCREW, kon-kr[=oo]', _v.i._ (_Spens._) to concrete.

CONCUBINE, kong'k[=u]-b[=i]n, _n._ a woman who cohabits or lives with a man

without being married.--_n._ CONC[=U]'BINAGE, state of living together as

man and wife without being married.--_adj._ CONC[=U]'BINARY. [Fr.,--L.

_concubina_--_con_, together, _cub[=a]re_, to lie down.]

CONCUPISCENCE, kon-k[=u]'pis-ens, _n._ violent desire: sexual appetite:

lust.--_adjs._ CONC[=U]'PISCENT, CONC[=U]'PISCIBLE. [Fr.,--L.

_concupiscentia_--_concupisc[)e]re_--_con_, inten., _cup[)e]re_, to

desire.]

CONCUPY, kong'k[=u]-pi, _n._ (_Shak._) concubine, or concupiscence,

according to Schmidt.

CONCUR, kon-kur', _v.i._ to run together: to meet in one point: to

coincide: to act together: to agree: to assent to:--_pr.p._ concur'ring;

_pa.p._ concurred'.--_ns._ CONCUR'RENCE, the meeting of lines: union: joint

action: assent; CONCUR'RENCY.--_adj._ CONCUR'RENT, of lines meeting in the

same point: coming, acting, or existing together: united:

accompanying.--_n._ one that concurs: a competitor: one who accompanies a

sheriff's officer as witness.--_adv._ CONCUR'RENTLY.--_adj._ CONCUR'RING,

agreeing. [L. _concurr[)e]re_, from _con_, together, _curr[)e]re_,

_cursum_, to run.]

CONCUSS, kon-kus', _v.t._ to disturb: to overawe: to coerce.--_n._

CONCUS'SION, state of being shaken: a violent shock caused by the sudden

contact of two bodies: any undue pressure or force exerted upon any

one.--_adj._ CONCUSS'IVE, having the power or quality of concussion. [L.

_concussus_--_con_, together, _quat[)e]re_, to shake.]

CONCYCLIC, kon-s[=i]'klik, _adj._ (_geom._) lying on the circumference of

one circle.

CONDEMN, kon-dem', _v.t._ to pronounce guilty: to censure or blame: to

sentence to punishment: to give up to some fate: to pronounce unfit for

use.--_adj._ CONDEM'NABLE, blamable.--_n._ CONDEMN[=A]'TION, state of being

condemned: blame: cause of being condemned.--_adj._ CONDEM'NATORY,

expressing or implying condemnation.--_p.adj._ CONDEMNED', pronounced to be

wrong, guilty, or useless: belonging or relating to one who is sentenced to

punishment, e.g. 'condemned cell:' declared dangerous and to be removed, as

a house, bridge, &c. [L. _condemn[=a]re_, from _con_, inten., and

_damn[=a]re_, to damage.]

CONDENSE, kon-dens', _v.t._ to compress or reduce by pressure into smaller

compass: to reduce to a denser form, as vapour to liquid.--_n._

CONDENSABIL'ITY, the quality of being condensable.--_adj._ CONDENS'ABLE,

capable of being compressed.--_v.t._ CONDENS'[=A]TE, to condense: to

compress into a closer form.--_v.i._ to become dense: to harden:--_pr.p._

condens'[=a]ting; _pa.p._ condens'[=a]ted.--_ns._ CONDENS[=A]'TION, act of

condensing; CONDENS'ER, an apparatus for reducing vapours to a liquid form:

an appliance for collecting or condensing electricity. [L.

_condens[=a]re_--_con_, inten., and _densus_, dense.]

CONDESCEND, kon-de-send', _v.i._ to descend willingly from a superior

position: to act kindly to inferiors: to deign: to comply: to lower one's

self.--_n._ CONDESCEND'ENCE, condescension: (_Scots law_) an articulate

statement annexed to a summons, setting forth the allegations in fact upon

which an action is founded.--_adj._ CONDESCEND'ING, yielding to inferiors:

courteous: obliging: patronising.--_adv._ CONDESCEND'INGLY.--_n._

CONDESCENS'ION, affability to inferiors: courtesy:

graciousness.--CONDESCEND UPON, to specify: to mention. [L. _con_, inten.,

and _descend[)e]re_, to descend.]

CONDIDDLE, kon-did'l, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to steal.

CONDIGN, kon-d[=i]n', _adj._ well merited: adequate (of

punishment).--_adv._ CONDIGN'LY.--_n._ CONDIGN'NESS. [L.

_condignus_--_con_, wholly, _dignus_, worthy.]

CONDIMENT, kon'di-ment, _n._ a seasoning used at table to give a flavour to

the ordinary solid or liquid food.--_v.t._ to pickle. [L.

_condimentum_--_cond[=i]re_, to preserve, to pickle.]

CONDITION, kon-dish'un, _n._ state in which things exist: a particular

manner of being: quality: rank, as 'a person of condition:' pre-requisite:

temper: a term of a contract: proposal: arrangement: (_logic_) that which

must precede the operation of a cause: (_law_) a provision that upon the

occurrence of an uncertain event an obligation shall come into force, or

shall cease, or that the obligation shall not come into force until a

certain event.--_v.i._ to make terms.--_v.t._ to agree upon: to restrict,

limit: to determine.--_adj._ CONDI'TIONAL, depending on conditions.--_n._

CONDITIONAL'ITY.--_adv._ CONDI'TIONALLY.--_v.t._ CONDI'TIONATE, to

condition: to qualify.--_adj._ CONDI'TIONED, having a certain condition,

state, or quality: circumstanced: depending: relative--the opposite of

_absolute_.--CONDITIONING HOUSE, an establishment in which the true weight,

length, and condition of articles of trade and commerce are determined

scientifically--the first in England established at Bradford in 1891. [L.

_condicio_, _-nis_, a compact (later false spelling

_conditio_)--_condic[)e]re_--_con_, together, _dic[)e]re_, to say.]

CONDOLE, kon-d[=o]l', _v.i._ to grieve with another: to sympathise in

sorrow: (_Shak._) to grieve.--_adj._ CONDOL'ATORY, expressing

condolence.--_ns._ CONDOLE'MENT, CONDOL'ENCE, expression of grief for

another's sorrow.--_adj._ CONDOL'ENT, sympathetic. [L. _con_, with,

_dol[=e]re_, to grieve.]

CONDONE, kon-d[=o]n', _v.t._ to forgive: to pass over.--_n._

CONDON[=A]'TION, forgiveness: in the legal phraseology of Britain and the

United States, forgiveness granted by the injured party, which may be urged

by the guilty party as a defence against an action of divorce on the ground

of adultery. [L. _con_, inten., _don[=a]re_, to give. See DONATION.]

CONDOR, kon'dor, _n._ a large vulture found among the Andes of South

America. [Sp.,--Peruv. _cuntur_.]

CONDOTTIERE, kon-dot-ti-[=a]'re, _n._ a leader of a band of military

adventurers who sold their services to any party in any contest:--_pl._

CONDOTTIERI (-[=a]'r[=e]). [It.,--_condotto_, way--L. _con_, and

_duc[)e]re_, to lead.]

CONDUCE, kon-d[=u]s', _v.i._ to tend to some end: to contribute.--_ns._

CONDUCE'MENT (_Milt._), CONDUC'IBLENESS, CONDUC'IVENESS.--_adjs._

CONDUC'IBLE, CONDUC'IVE, leading or tending: having power to promote:

advantageous.--_advs._ CONDUC'IBLY, CONDUC'IVELY. [L. _con_, together,

_duc[)e]re_, _ductum_, to lead.]

CONDUCT, kon-dukt', _v.t._ to lead or guide: to convey (water): to direct:

to manage: to behave: (_elect._) to carry or transmit.--_ns._ CON'DUCT, act

or method of leading or managing: guidance: escort: guide: management:

behaviour; CONDUCTIBIL'ITY.--_adjs._ CONDUCT'IBLE, capable of conducting

heat, &c.: capable of being conducted or transmitted.--_n._ CONDUC'TION,

act or property of conducting or transmitting: transmission by a conductor,

as heat.--_adj._ CONDUCT'IVE, having the quality or power of conducting or

transmitting.--_ns._ CONDUCTIV'ITY, a power that bodies have of

transmitting heat and electricity; CONDUCT'OR, the person or thing that

conducts: a leader: a manager: a leader of an orchestra: one in charge of a

bus, &c.: that which has the property of transmitting electricity, heat,

&c.--_n.fem._ CONDUCT'RESS. [L. _conductus_--_conduc[)e]re_. See CONDUCE.]

CONDUIT, kun'dit, or kon'-, _n._ a channel or pipe to lead or convey water,

&c.: a kind of fountain. [Fr. _conduit_--L. _conductus_--_conduc[)e]re_, to

lead.]

CONDYLE, kon'dil, _n._ a protuberance at the end of a bone serving for

articulation with another bone, esp. that by which the occipital bone of

the skull is articulated to the spine.--_adj._ CON'DYLOID.--_n._

CONDYL[=O]'MA, a growth about the anus or generative organs.

[Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _kondylos_, knuckle.]

[Illustration]

CONE, k[=o]n, _n._ a solid pointed figure with a circular base: fruit

shaped like a cone, as that of the pine, fir, &c.: anything shaped like a

cone.--_ns._ CONE'-SHELL, a family of Gasteropod molluscs, with substantial

conical shells; CONE'-WHEAT, a variety of wheat, with conical-shaped

spike.--_adjs._ CONIC, -AL, having the form of or pertaining to a

cone.--_adv._ CON'ICALLY.--_ns._ CON'ICALNESS, CONIC'ITY.--_adj._

CON'ICO-CYLIN'DRICAL.--_n._ CON'ICS, that part of geometry which deals with

the cone and its sections.--_adj._ C[=O]'NIFORM, in the form of a

cone.--CONIC SECTION, a figure made by the section of a cone by a plane.

[Fr. _cone_--L.,--Gr. _k[=o]nos_, a peak, a peg.]

CONEY. See CONY.

CONFAB, kon-fab', _v._ and _n._ coll. forms of CONFAB'UL[=A]TE,

CONFABUL[=A]'TION.--_adj._ CONFAB'ULAR.--_n._ CONFAB'UL[=A]TOR.--_adj._

CONFAB'UL[=A]TORY.

CONFABULATE, kon-fab'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.i._ to talk familiarly together: to

chat.--_n._ CONFABUL[=A]'TION. [L. _con_, together, _fabul[=a]ri_, to

talk--_fabula_, a tale, fable.]

CONFARREATION, kon-far-re-[=a]'shun, _n._ a Roman mode of marriage, made in

the presence of the high-priest and ten witnesses, at which bread made of

spelt was eaten together.--_adj._ CONFAR'REATE. [L.

_confarreatio_--_confarre[=a]re_, to unite by bread, to marry--_con_, with,

_far_, a species of grain.]

CONFECT, kon'fekt, _n._ fruit, &c., prepared with sugar: a sweetmeat: a

comfit.--_v.t._ CONFECT', to prepare: to preserve.--_n._ CONFEC'TION,

composition, compound: a composition of drugs: a sweetmeat: the French word

for a ready-made article of dress for women's wear.--_v.t._ to make a

confection, in its various uses.--_ns._ CONFEC'TIONARY (_B._), a

confectioner: a sweetmeat: a place where confections are made:

confectionery; CONFEC'TIONER, one who makes confections; CONFEC'TIONERY, a

confectioner's shop: the business of a confectioner: sweetmeats in general.

[L. _confic[)e]re_, _confectum_, to make up together--_con_, together,

_fac[)e]re_, to make.]

CONFEDERATE, kon-fed'[.e]r-[=a]t, _adj._ leagued together: allied.--_n._

one united in a league: an ally: an acomplice.--_v.i._ and _v.t._ to league

together or join in a league.--_ns._ CONFED'ERACY, a league or mutual

engagement: persons or states united by a league: a conspiracy;

CONFEDER[=A]'TION, a league: alliance, esp. of princes, states, &c.--_adj._

CONFED'ER[=A]TIVE, of or belonging to a confederation. [L.

_confoeder[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_con_, together, _foedus_, _foed[)e]ris_, a

league.]

CONFER, kon-f[.e]r', _v.t._ to give or bestow: to compare (notes),

collate--abbrev. CF.--_v.i._ to talk or consult together:--_pr.p._

confer'ring; _pa.p._ conferred'.--_ns._ CONFEREE', one conferred with;

CON'FERENCE, the act of conferring: an appointed meeting for instruction or

discussion.--_adjs._ CONFEREN'TIAL; CONFER'RABLE.--_n._ CONFER'RER, one who

confers. [Fr.,--L. _conferre_--_con_, together, _ferre_, to bring.]

CONFERVA, kon-f[.e]r'va, _n._ a genus of lower fresh-water Algæ, forming

slimy masses or tufts in ponds and stagnent pools, easily recognised by

their unbranched filaments.--_adj._ CONFER'VOID. [L. _conferva_, a kind

water-plant.]

CONFESS, kon-fes', _v.t._ to acknowledge fully, esp. something wrong: to

own or admit: to make known, as sins to a priest: to hear a confession, as

a priest.--_v.i._ to make confession.--_ns._ CONFES'SION, acknowledgment of

a crime or fault: avowal; a statement of one's religious belief:

acknowledgment of sin to a priest; CONFES'SIONAL, the seat or enclosed

recess where a priest hears confessions.--_adj._ pertaining to

confession.--_ns._ CONFES'SIONALISM; CONFES'SIONALIST.--_adj._

CONFES'SIONARY, of or belonging to confession.--_n._ a confessional.--_ns._

CONFESS'OR, one who professes the Christian faith, or a priest who hears

confessions and grants absolution: one who endures persecution but not

death:--_fem._ CONFESS'ORESS; CONFESS'ORSHIP.--_adjs._ CONFESSED',

CONFEST', admitted: avowed: evident.--_advs._ CONFESS'EDLY,

CONFEST'LY.--CONFESSION OF FAITH, a formulary embodying the religious

beliefs of a church or sect: a creed.--CONFESS TO, to admit, acknowledge;

STAND CONFESSED, to be revealed. [Fr. _confesser_--L. _confit[=e]ri_,

_confessus_--_con_, sig. completeness, and _fat[=e]ri_--_f[=a]ri_, to

speak.]

CONFIDE, kon-f[=i]d', _v.i._ to trust wholly or have faith (with _in_): to

rely.--_v.t._ to entrust, or commit to the charge of.--_ns._ CONFIDANT',

one confided in or entrusted with secrets: a bosom-friend:--_fem._

CONFIDANTE'; CON'FIDENCE, firm trust or belief: faith: self-reliance:

firmness: boldness: presumption; CON'FIDENCY.--_adj._ CON'FIDENT, trusting

firmly: having full belief: positive: bold.--_n._ a confidential

friend.--_adj._ CONFIDEN'TIAL, (given) in confidence: admitted to

confidence: private.--_advs._ CONFIDEN'TIALLY; CON'FIDENTLY.--_n._

CONFID'ER, one who confides.--_adj._ CONFID'ING, trustful.--_adv._

CONFID'INGLY.--_n._ CONFID'INGNESS.--CONFIDENCE TRICK, a swindler's trick,

whereby a person is induced to hand over money as a mark of confidence in

the swindler; CONFIDANT PERSON, in Scots law, a confidential person,

partner, agent, &c. [L. _confid[)e]re_--_con_, sig. completeness, and

_fid[)e]re_, to trust.]

CONFIGURATION, kon-fig-[=u]-r[=a]'shun, _n._ external figure or shape:

outline: relative position or aspect, as of planets.--_vs.t._ CONFIG'URATE,

CONFIG'URE, to shape. [L. _configuratio_--_con_, together, and

_figur[=a]re_, to form. See FIGURE.]

CONFINE, kon'f[=i]n, _n._ border, boundary, or limit--generally in _pl._:

(kon-f[=i]n') confinement: (_Shak._) a prison.--_v.t._ CONFINE', to border;

to be adjacent to: to limit, enclose: to imprison.--_adjs._ CONFIN'-ABLE;

CONFINED', limited: imprisoned: narrow; CONFINE'LESS (_Shak._), without

bound: unlimited.--_ns._ CONFINE'MENT, state of being shut up: restraint:

imprisonment: restraint from going abroad by sickness, and esp. of women in

childbirth; CONFIN'ER. one within the confines: (_Shak._) an

inhabitant.--_adj._ CONFIN'ING, bordering: limiting.--BE CONFINED, to be

limited: to be in child-bed. [Fr. _confiner_--L. _confinis_,

bordering--_con_, together, _finis_, the end.]

CONFIRM, kon-f[.e]rm', _v.t._ to strengthen: to fix or establish: to

ratify: to verify: to assure: to admit to full communion.--_adj._

CONFIRM'ABLE.--_n._ CONFIRM[=A]'TION, a making firm or sure: convincing

proof: the rite by which persons are admitted to full communion in the

R.C., Greek, Lutheran, Anglican, and other Churches.--_adjs._

CONFIRM'ATIVE, tending to confirm; CONFIRM'ATORY, giving additional

strength to: confirming; CONFIRMED', settled: inveterate.--_ns._

CONFIRMEE', one to whom anything is confirmed; CONFIRM'ER; CONFIRM'ING. [O.

Fr. _confermer_--L. _confirm[=a]re_--_con_, inten., and

_firm[=a]re_--_firmus_, firm.]

CONFISCATE, kon'fis-k[=a]t, or kon-fis'-, _v.t._ to appropriate to the

state, as a penalty: to take possession of.--_adj._ forfeited to the public

treasury.--_adjs._ CONFIS'CABLE, CONFIS'CATORY, of the nature of

confiscation.--_ns._ CONFISC[=A]'TION, the act of confiscating;

CON'FISC[=A]TOR, one who confiscates. [L. _confisc[=a]re_,

_-[=a]tum_--_con_, together, _fiscus_, a basket.]

CONFIT, kon'fit, _n._ (_obs._). Same as COMFIT.

CONFITEOR, kon-fit'[=e]-or, _n._ a form of prayer or confession used in the

Latin Church. [L. _confiteor_, I confess.]

CONFITURE, kon'fit-[=u]r, _n._ (_obs._). Same as COMFITURE.

CONFIX, kon-fiks', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to fix firmly. [L. _config[)e]re_,

_-fixum_--_con_, inten., _fig[)e]re_, to fix.]

CONFLAGRATE, kon'fla-gr[=a]t, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to burn up.--_adj._

CONFLAG'RANT (_Milt._) burning.--_n._ CONFLAGR[=A]'TION, a great burning or

fire. [L. _conflagr[=a]re_--_con_, inten., and _flagr[=a]re_, to burn. See

FLAGRANT.]

CONFLATE, kon-fl[=a]t', _v.t._ to blow together: to produce: to combine two

variant readings of a text into one.--_n._ CONFL[=A]'TION. [L.

_conflatus_--_confl[=a]re_, to blow together--_con_, and _fl[=a]re_, to

blow.]

CONFLICT, kon'flikt, _n._ violent collision: a struggle or contest: a

battle: a mental struggle.--_v.i._ CONFLICT', to fight: contend: to be in

opposition: to clash.--_adj._ CONFLICT'ING, clashing: contradictory.--_n._

CONFLIC'TION.--_adj._ CONFLICT'IVE, tending to conflict. [L.

_conflig[)e]re_--_con_, together, and _flig[)e]re_, to strike.]

CONFLUENCE, kon'floo-ens, _n._ a flowing together: the place of meeting, as

of rivers: a concourse: the act of meeting together.--_adj._ CON'FLUENT,

flowing together: uniting.--_n._ a stream uniting and flowing with

another.--_adv._ CON'FLUENTLY.--_n._ CON'FLUX, a flowing together. [L.

_conflu[)e]re_, _confluxum_, from _con_, together, _flu[)e]re_, to flow.]

CONFORM, kon-form', _v.t._ to make like or of the same form with: to

adapt.--_v.i._ to be of the same form; to comply: to obey.--_n._

CONFORMABIL'ITY, state of being conformable.--_adj._ CONFORM'ABLE,

corresponding in form: suitable: compliant.--_adv._ CONFORM'ABLY.--_ns._

CONFORM[=A]'TION, particular form, shape, or structure: adaptation;

CONFORM'ER, CONFORM'IST, one who conforms, esp. with the worship of the

Established Church; CONFORM'ITY, likeness: compliance: consistency.--IN

CONFORMITY WITH, in accordance with. [L. _conform[=a]re_--_con_, with, and

_form[=a]re_--_forma_, form.]

CONFOUND, kon-fownd', _v.t._ to overthrow, defeat: to mingle so as to make

the parts indistinguishable: to throw into disorder: to perplex: to

astonish.--_p.adj._ CONFOUND'ED, confused: astonished: (_coll._)

consummate, egregious (a term of disapprobation).--_advs._ CONFOUND'EDLY

(_coll._), hatefully, shamefully: cursedly; CONFOUND'INGLY,

astonishingly.--CONFOUND YOU, an execration or curse. [O. Fr.

_confondre_--L. _confund[)e]re_, _-fusum_--_con_, together, _fund[)e]re_,

to pour.]

CONFRATERNITY, kon-fra-t[.e]r'ni-ti, _n._ a brotherhood: clan: brotherly

friendship.

CONFRÈRE, kong-fr[=a]r, _n._ a colleague: a fellow-member or associate.

[Fr.,--L. _con_, together, _frater_, a brother.]

CONFRONT, kon-frunt', _v.t._ to stand in front of: to face: to oppose: to

bring face to face: to compare.--_n._ CONFRONT[=A]'TION, the bringing of

people face to face. [Fr. _confronter_--Low L.,--L. _con_, together, and

_frons_, the front. See FRONT.]

CONFUCIAN, kon-f[=u]'shyan, _adj._ of or belonging to _Confucius_, the

Chinese philosopher (551-479 B.C.).--_ns._ CONF[=U]'CIANISM;

CONF[=U]'CIANIST.

CONFUSE, kon-f[=u]z', _v.t._ to pour or mix together so that things cannot

be distinguished: to throw into disorder: to perplex.--_v.i._ to be

confused.--_adj._ CONFUSED', perplexed: disordered.--_adv._ CONFUS'EDLY, in

a confused manner: disorderly.--_ns._ CONFUS'EDNESS, state of being

confused: disorder; CONF[=U]'SION, the state of being confused: disorder:

shame: overthrow: perplexity: embarrassment: turmoil.--_adj._

CONF[=U]'SIVE. [A doublet of CONFOUND.]

CONFUTE, kon-f[=u]t', _v.t._ to prove to be false: to refute: to put an end

to.--_adj._ CONF[=U]T'ABLE.--_n._ CONFUT[=A]'TION.--_adj._ CONF[=U]T'ATIVE,

tending to confute.--_n._ CONFUTE'MENT. [L. _confut[=a]re_--_con_, inten.,

and _futis_, a water-vessel, from _fund[)e]re_, to pour: to overthrow. See

FUTILE.]

CONGÉ. See CONGEE.

CONGEAL, kon-j[=e]l', _v.t._ to freeze: to change from fluid to solid by

cold: to solidify, as by cold.--_v.i._ to pass from fluid to solid, as by

cold: to stiffen: to coagulate.--_adj._ CONGEAL'ABLE.--_ns._

CONGEAL'ABLENESS; CONGEAL'MENT, CONGEL[=A]'TION, act or process of

congealing: anything congealed. [L. _congel[=a]re_, from _con_, and _gelu_,

frost.]

CONGEE, kon'j[=e], CONGÉ, kong'j[=a], _n._ a bow: dismissal: leave to

depart.--_v.i._ to take leave: to bow.--CONGÉ D'ÉLIRE (_Fr._), permission

to elect: permission given by the crown to a dean and chapter to elect a

bishop. [Fr. _congé_--L. _commeatus_, leave of absence--_com_, together,

and _me[=a]re_, to go.]

CONGENER, kon'je-n[.e]r, or kon-j[=e]'n[.e]r, _n._ a person or thing of the

same kind or nature.--_adj._ akin.--_adjs._ CONGENER'IC, -AL, of the same

genus, origin, or nature; CONGEN'EROUS, of the same nature or kind;

CONGENET'IC, alike in origin. [L.,--_con_, with, and _genus_, _generis_,

kind.]

CONGENIAL, kon-j[=e]'ni-al, _adj._ of the same genius, spirit, or tastes:

kindred, sympathetic: suitable.--_n._ CONGENIAL'ITY.--_adv._

CONG[=E]'NIALLY. [L. _con_, with, and _genialis_, genial. See GENIAL.]

CONGENITAL, kon-jen'i-tal, _adj._ begotten or born with, said of diseases

or deformities dating from birth.--_adv._ CONGEN'ITALLY. [L. _congenitus_,

from _con_, together, _gign[)e]re_, _genitum_, to beget.]

CONGER, kong'g[.e]r, _n._ a marine bony fish in the eel family, 3 to 6 feet

long--also CON'GER-EEL: a company of co-operating booksellers. [L.,--Gr.

_gongros_.]

CONGERIES, kon-j[=e]'ri-[=e]z, _n._ a collection of particles or small

bodies in one mass. [L.,--_con_, together, _ger[)e]re_, _gestum_, to

bring.]

CONGEST, kon-jest', _v.t._ to bring together, or heap up: to

accumulate.--_adjs._ CONGEST'ED, affected with an unnatural accumulation of

blood: overcrowded; CONGEST'IBLE.--_n._ CONGEST'ION, an accumulation of

blood in any part of the body: fullness: an overcrowded condition.--_adj._

CONGEST'IVE, indicating or tending to congestion. [L. _conger[)e]re_,

_congestum_--_con_, together, and _ger[)e]re_, _gestum_, to bring.]

CONGIARY, kon'ji-ar-i, _n._ a gift to the Roman people or soldiery,

originally in corn, oil, &c., each receiving a _congius_ or

gallon--afterwards given in money. [L. _congiarium_--_congius_, the Roman

gallon.]

CONGLOBE, kon-gl[=o]b', _v.t._ or _v.i._ to collect together into a globe

or round mass:--_pr.p._ congl[=o]b'ing; _pa.p._ congl[=o]bed'.--_adj._

CONGLOB'ATE, formed into a globe or ball.--_v.t._ to form into a globe or

ball.--_n._ CONGLOB[=A]'TION.--_v.i._ CONGLOB'[=U]LATE, to gather into a

globule or small globe. [L. _con_, together, and _glob[=a]re_,

_-[=a]tum_--_globus_, a ball, globe.]

CONGLOMERATE, kon-glom'[.e]r-[=a]t, _adj._ gathered into a clew or

mass.--_v.t._ to gather into a ball.--_n._ a rock composed of pebbles

cemented together.--_n._ CONGLOMER[=A]'TION, state of being conglomerated:

a collection of things. [L. _conglomer[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_con_, together,

and _glomus_, _glomeris_, a clew, akin to _globus_.]

CONGLUTINATE, kon-gl[=oo]'tin-[=a]t, _v.t._ to glue together: to heal by

uniting.--_v.i._ to unite or grow together.--_p.adj._ CONGLU'TINANT.--_n._

CONGLUTIN[=A]'TION, a joining by means of some sticky substance:

healing.--_adj._ CONGLU'TIN[=A]TIVE, having power to conglutinate.--_n._

CONGLU'TIN[=A]TOR. [L. _conglutin[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_con_, together, and

_gluten_, glue.]

CONGOU, kong'g[=oo], _n._ a kind of black tea.--Also CONGO. [Chinese

_kung-fu_, labour, referring to the labour expended in producing the tea.]

CONGRATULATE, kon-grat'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to wish joy to on any fortunate

event: to felicitate: to consider one's self fortunate in some

matter.--_adj._ CONGRAT'ULANT, expressing congratulation.--_n._ a

congratulator.--_ns._ CONGRATUL[=A]'TION, act of congratulating: an

expression of joy or sympathy; CONGRAT'ULATOR.--_adj._ CONGRAT'ULATORY. [L.

_congratul[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_con_, inten., _gratul[=a]ri_--_gratus_,

pleasing.]

CONGREE, kon-gr[=e]', _v.i._ (_Shak._) to agree together: to accord. [L.

_con_, together, and Fr. _gré_, good-will--L. _gratus_, pleasing.]

CONGREET, kon-gr[=e]t', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to salute mutually. [L. _con_,

together, and GREET.]

CONGREGATE, kong'gre-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to gather together: to

assemble.--_v.i._ to flock together.--_p.adj._ CONGREGAT'ED, assembled:

aggregated.--_n._ CONGREG[=A]'TION, the act of congregating: an assemblage

of persons or things: (_O.T._) a name given to the children of Israel: a

body of people united to worship in a particular church: the name given to

the body of Protestant Reformers in Scotland in the time of Mary.--_adj._

CONGREG[=A]'TIONAL, pertaining to a congregation.--_ns._

CONGREG[=A]'TIONALISM, a form of church government in which each

congregation is independent in the management of its own affairs--also

called _Independency_; CONGREG[=A]'TIONALIST, adherent of

Congregationalism. [L. _congreg[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_con_, together, and

_grex_, _gregis_, a flock.]

CONGRESS, kong'gres, _n._ a meeting together or assembly, as of

ambassadors, &c., for political purposes: the federal legislature of the

United States.--_v.i._ to meet in congress.--_adj._ CONGRES'SIONAL.--_n._

CON'GRESSMAN, a member of congress. [L. _con_, together, and _gradi_,

_gressus_, to step, to go.]

CONGREVE, kong'gr[=e]v, _n._ a rocket for use in war, invented by Sir

William _Congreve_ (1772-1828).--_n._ CON'GREVE-MATCH, a kind of lucifer

match, invented by Congreve.

CONGRUE, kong-gr[=oo]', _v.i._ (_Shak._) to agree.--_ns._ CONG'RUENCE,

CONG'RUENCY, agreement: suitableness.--_adj._ CONG'RUENT, agreeing:

suitable: congruous: used of two numbers which, when divided by the same

number, give the same remainder.--_n._ CONGRU'ITY, agreement between

things: consistency: fitness.--_adj._ CONG'RUOUS, suitable: fit:

consistent.--_adv._ CONG'RUOUSLY.--_n._ CONG'RUOUSNESS. [L. _congru[)e]re_,

to run together.]

CONIA. See CONIUM.

CONIC, -AL; CONICS. See CONE.

CONIFERÆ, kon-if'[.e]r-[=e], _n.pl._ an order of exogenous plants,

including pines, firs, &c., which bear cones, in which the seed is

contained.--_n._ CON'IFER, one of the foregoing.--_adj._ CONIF'EROUS,

cone-bearing, as the fir, &c. [CONE, and L. _ferre_, to bear.]

CONIFORM. See CONE.

CONIMA, kon'i-ma, _n._ a fragrant resin for making pastilles.

CONINE, k[=o]'nin, _n._ an alkaloid forming the poisonous principle of

hemlock.--Also C[=O]'NIA, C[=O]'NICINE. [Gr. _k[=o]neion_, hemlock.]

CONIROSTRAL, k[=o]n-i-ros'tral, _adj._ having a strong conical

beak.--_n.pl._ CONIROS'TRES, a group of insessorial birds with such. [CONE,

and L. _rostralis_--_rostrum_, a beak.]

CONJECT, kon-jekt', _v.i._ (_Shak._) to conjecture.

CONJECTURE, kon-jekt'[=u]r, _n._ a forecast: an opinion formed on slight or

defective evidence: an opinion without proof: a guess: an idea.--_v.t._ to

make conjectures regarding: to infer on slight evidence: to guess.--_adjs._

CONJECT'URABLE, that may be conjectured; CONJECT'URAL, involving

conjecture: given to conjecture.--_adv._ CONJECT'URALLY. [L.

_conjic[)e]re_, _conjectum_, to throw together--_con_, together, and

_jac[)e]re_, to throw.]

CONJEE, CONGEE, kon'j[=e], _n._ water in which rice has been boiled, much

used for invalids. [Anglo-Indian--Tamil _kañji_. Origin unknown.]

CONJOIN, kon-join', _v.t._ to join together: to combine.--_v.i._ to

unite.--_adjs._ CONJOINED', united: in conjunction; CONJOINT', joined

together: united.--_adv._ CONJOINT'LY. [Fr. _conjoindre_--L. _con_,

together, and _jung[)e]re_, _junctum_, to join. See JOIN.]

CONJUGAL, kon'joo-gal, _adj._ pertaining to marriage.--_n._

CONJUGAL'ITY.--_adv._ CON'JUGALLY. [L. _conjugalis_--_conjux_, one united

to another, a husband or wife--_con_, and _jugum_, a yoke.]

CONJUGATE, kon'joo-g[=a]t, _v.t._ (_gram._) to give the various inflections

or parts of a verb.--_adj._ joined: connected.--_n._ a word agreeing in

derivation with another word.--_adjs._ CON'JUGATED, CONJUG[=A]'TIONAL,

CON'JUGATIVE, conjugate.--_ns._ CON'JUGATENESS; CON'JUGATING;

CONJUG[=A]'TION, the act of joining: union: (_gram._) a term applied to a

connected view or statement of the inflectional changes of form that a verb

undergoes in its various relations: a class of verbs inflected in the same

manner.--CONJUGATE AXES, two axes in a conic section, such that each is

parallel to the tangent at the extremity of the other; CONJUGATE FOCI (see

FOCUS); CONJUGATE MIRRORS, two mirrors set face to face so that the rays

emitted from the focus of one are first reflected from it to the and thence

to its focus; CONJUGATION OF CELLS, a mode of reproduction in which two

apparently similar cells unite, as in Amoeba, Diatoms, &c. [L.

_conjug[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_con_, together, and _jug[=a]re_--_jugum_, a

yoke.]

CONJUNCT, kon-junkt', _adj._ conjoined: concurrent.--_n._ CONJUNC'TION,

connection, union: (_gram._) a word that connects sentences, clauses, and

words: one of the aspects of the planets, when two heavenly bodies have the

same longitude--i.e. when the same perpendicular to the ecliptic passes

through both.--_adj._ CONJUNC'TIONAL, relating to a conjunction.--_adv._

CONJUNC'TIONALLY.--_adj._ CONJUNC'TIVE, closely united: serving to unite:

connective: (_gram._) introduced by a conjunction.--_adv._

CONJUNC'TIVELY.--_n._ CONJUNC'TIVENESS.--_adv._ CONJUNC'TLY, conjointly: in

union.--_n._ CONJUNC'TURE, combination of circumstances: important

occasion, crisis.--GRAND CONJUNCTIONS, those where several planets or stars

are found together. [L.,--_conjung[)e]re_. See CONJOIN.]

CONJURE, kun'j[.e]r and kon-j[=oo]r' (_con'jure_, generally of the art of

legerdemain, &c.; _conjure'_, of actions treated as religious or solemn),

_v.i._ to practise magical arts: to make an invocation: (_obs._) to

conspire.--_v.t._ to call on or summon by a sacred name or in a solemn

manner: to implore earnestly: to compel (a spirit) by incantations: to

enchant: to raise up or frame needlessly; to effect by jugglery:--_pr.p._

con'juring; _pa.p._ con'jured.--_ns._ CONJUR[=A]'TION, act of summoning by

a sacred name or solemnly: enchantment; CON'JUR[=A]TOR, a conspirator;

CONJURE'MENT, adjuration; CON'JURER, -OR, one who practises magic: an

enchanter: (kon-j[=oo]'ror) one bound by oath with others; CON'JURING,

magic-working: the production of effects apparently miraculous by natural

means; CON'JURY, magic. [Fr.,--L. _con_, together, and _jur[=a]re_, to

swear.]

CONK, kongk, _n._ the nose.--_n._ CONK'Y (_slang_), a person with a large

nose. [Mr F. Hindes Groome suggests that it may be back slang, _conk_ being

the illiterate spelling of the Gipsy _knoc_, nose.]

CONNASCENT, kon-nas'ent, _adj._ born or produced at the same time.--_ns._

CONNAS'CENCE, CONNAS'CENCY. [L. _con_, with _nasci_, to be born.]

CONNATE, kon'[=a]t, _adj._ born with one's self: innate: allied:

congenial.--_adj._ CONNAT'URAL, of the same nature with another.--_v.t._

CONNAT'URALISE.--_n._ CONNAT'URALITY.--_adv._ CONNAT'URALLY.--_ns._

CONNAT'URALNESS; CONN[=A]'TURE. [L. _con_, with, and _nasci_, _natus_, to

be born.]

CONNE, kon, _v.t._ (_Spens._) form of CON, to know.

CONNECT, kon-ekt', _v.t._ to tie or fasten together: to establish a

relation between: to associate.--_p.adj._ CONNECT'ED, joined:

united.--_adv._ CONNECT'EDLY, in a connected manner.--_ns._ CONNECT'ER,

-OR, one who or that which connects.--_adj._ CONNECT'IBLE, capable of being

connected.--_ns._ CONNEC'TION, CONNEX'ION, act of connecting: that which

connects: a body or society held together by a bond: coherence:

intercourse: context: relation: intimacy: a relative.--_adjs._ CONNECT'IVE,

CONNEX'IVE (_obs._), binding together.--_n._ a word that connects sentences

and words.--_adv._ CONNECT'IVELY.--CONNECTIVE TISSUE, one of the four sets

of the commonest classification of animal tissues, including a great

variety--e.g. bone, cartilage, ligaments, and enswathing membranes. [L.

_con_, together, and _nect[)e]re_, to tie.]

CONNICTATION, kon-ik-t[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of winking. [L. _con_, and

_nictare_, _-[=a]tum_, to wink.]

CONNIVE, kon-[=i]v', _v.i._ to wink at a fault: to take no notice: to have

a private understanding.--_ns._ CONNIV'ANCE, CONNIV'ANCY, CONNIV'ENCE,

CONNIV'ENCY.--_adj._ CONNIV'ENT.--_n._ CONNIV'ER. [Fr.,--L. _conniv[=e]re_,

to wink.]

CONNOISSEUR, kon-es-sehr', or kon-is-[=u]r', _n._ one who knows a subject

well; a critical judge in art, music, &c.--_n._ CONNOISSEUR'SHIP, the skill

of a connoisseur. [Fr. _connoître_--L. _cognosc[)e]re_, to know.]

CONNOTE, kon-[=o]t', _v.t._ to signify secondarily: to imply along with an

object the inherent attributes: to include.--_v.t._ CON'NOT[=A]TE, to

connote.--_n._ CONNOT[=A]'TION, implication of something more than the

denotation of an object: the aggregation of attributes connoted by a

term.--_adjs._ CONNOT'[=A]TIVE, CONN[=O]'TIVE. [L. _con_, with, and NOTE.]

CONNUBIAL, kon-[=u]'bi-al, _adj._ pertaining to marriage or to the marriage

state: nuptial.--_n._ CONNUBIAL'ITY.--_adv._ CONN[=U]'BIALLY. [L. _con_,

and _nub[)e]re_, to marry. See NUPTIAL.]

CONNUMERATE, kon-n[=u]'me-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to count conjointly.--_n._

CONNUMER[=A]'TION.

CONNUSANCE, kon'[=u]-sans, _n._ an obs. form of COGNISANCE.

CONOID, k[=o]n'oid, _n._ anything like a cone in form.--_adjs._ CONOID'IC,

-AL, CON'OID, CONOID'AL. [Gr. _k[=o]nos_, a cone, _eidos_, form.]

CO-NOMINEE, k[=o]-nom-i-n[=e]', _n._ a joint-nominee.

CONQUADRATE, kon-kwod'r[=a]t, _v.t._ to square with another.

CONQUASSATE, kon-kwas'[=a]t, _v.t._ to shake.

CONQUER, kong'k[.e]r, _v.t._ to gain by force or with an effort: to

overcome or vanquish.--_v.i._ to be victor.--_adj._ CON'QUERABLE, that may

be conquered.--_n._ CON'QUERABLENESS.--_adj._ CON'QUERING,

victorious.--_adv._ CON'QUERINGLY.--_ns._ CON'QUEROR, one who conquers: a

victor:--_fem._ CON'QUERESS; CON'QUEST, the act of conquering: that which

is conquered or acquired by physical or moral force: the act of gaining the

affections of another.--MAKE A CONQUEST, to conquer.--THE CONQUEROR,

William I. of England (L. CONQUES'TOR); THE CONQUEST, the acquisition of

the throne of England by William, Duke of Normandy, in 1066. [O. Fr.

_conquerre_--L. _conquir[)e]re_,--_con_, inten., _quær[)e]re_, to seek.]

CONQUISTADOR, kong-kwis'ta-d[=o]r, _n._ a conqueror, applied to the

conquerors of Mexico and Peru. [Sp.,--L. _conquir[)e]re_. See CONQUER.]

CONSANGUINE, kon-sang'gwin, _adj._ related by blood: of the same family or

descent--also CONSANGUIN'EOUS.--_n._ CONSANGUIN'ITY, relationship by blood:

opposed to affinity or relationship by marriage. [L.

_consanguineus_--_con_, with, _sanguis_, blood.]

CONSCIENCE, kon'shens, _n._ the knowledge of our own acts and feelings as

right or wrong: sense of duty: scrupulousness: (_Shak._) understanding: the

faculty or principle by which we distinguish right from wrong.--_adjs._

CON'SCIENCE-PROOF, unvisited by any compunctions of conscience;

CON'SCIENCE-SMIT'TEN, stung by conscience; CONSCIEN'TIOUS, regulated by a

regard to conscience: scrupulous.--_adv._ CONSCIEN'TIOUSLY.--_n._

CONSCIEN'TIOUSNESS.--_adj._ CON'SCIONABLE, governed or regulated by

conscience.--_n._ CON'SCIONABLENESS.--_adv._ CON'SCIONABLY.--CONSCIENCE

CLAUSE, a clause in a law, affecting religious matters, to relieve persons

of conscientious scruples, esp. one to prevent their children being

compelled to undergo particular religious instruction; CONSCIENCE MONEY,

money given to relieve the conscience, by discharging a claim previously

evaded; CASE OF CONSCIENCE, a question in casuistry.--GOOD, or BAD,

CONSCIENCE, an approving or reproving conscience.--IN ALL CONSCIENCE,

certainly: (_coll._) by all that is right and fair.--MAKE A MATTER OF

CONSCIENCE, to act according to conscience: to have scruples about.--MY

CONSCIENCE! a vulgar exclamation of astonishment, or an

asseveration.--SPEAK ONE'S CONSCIENCE (_Shak._), to speak frankly: to give

one's opinion. [Fr.,--L. _conscientia_, knowledge--_consc[=i]re_, to know

well--_con_, and _sc[=i]re_, to know.]

CONSCIOUS, kon'shus, _adj._ having the feeling or internal knowledge of

something: aware: having the faculty of consciousness.--_adv._

CON'SCIOUSLY.--_n._ CON'SCIOUSNESS, the waking state of the mind: the

knowledge which the mind has of its own acts and feelings: thought. [L.

_conscius_--_consc[=i]re_, to know.]

CONSCRIBE, kon-'skr[=i]b', _v.t._ to enlist by conscription.--_adj._

CON'SCRIPT, enrolled, registered.--_n._ one enrolled and liable to serve as

a soldier or sailor.--_v.t._ to enlist.--_n._ CONSCRIP'TION, a compulsory

enrolment for naval or military service: the obtaining recruits by

compulsion.--_adj._ CONSCRIP'TIONAL.--CONSCRIPT FATHERS (_patres

conscripti_), the senators of ancient Rome. [L. _conscrib[)e]re_, to

enrol--_con_, together, _scrib[)e]re_, to write.]

CONSECRATE, kon'se-kr[=a]t, _v.t._ to set apart for a holy use: to render

holy or venerable; to hallow; to devote.--_adj._ consecrated: devoted:

sanctified.--_ns._ CON'SECRATEDNESS; CONSECR[=A]'TION, the act of devoting

to a sacred use; CON'SECRATOR.--_adj._ CON'SECRATORY, making sacred. [L.

_consecr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to make wholly sacred--_con_, and

_sacr[=a]re_, to set apart as sacred--_sacer_, sacred.]

CONSECTANEOUS, kon-sek-t[=a]'n[=e]-us, _adj._ following as a natural

consequence.

CONSECTARY, kon-sek'ta-ri, _n._ a deduction, corollary. [L.

_consect[=a]ri_, freq. of _consequi_. See CONSECUTION.]

CONSECUTION, kon-se-k[=u]'shun, _n._ a train of consequences or deductions:

a series of things that follow one another: (_mus._) succession of similar

intervals in harmony.--_adj._ CONSEC'UTIVE, following in regular order:

succeeding or resulting.--_adv._ CONSEC'UTIVELY--_n._ CONSEC'UTIVENESS. [L.

_consequi_--_con_, and _sequi_, _secutus_, to follow.]

CONSENESCENCE, kon-s[=e]-nes'ens, _n._ the state of growing old.--Also

CONSENES'CENCY.

CONSENSUS, kon-sen'sus, _n._ agreement of various parts: agreement in

opinion: unanimity.--_n._ CONSEN'SION, mutual consent.--_adj._ CONSEN'SUAL,

relating to consent.--_adv._ CONSEN'SUALLY.--CONSENSUAL CONTRACT, a

contract requiring merely the consent of the parties. [L. _consent[=i]re_.

See CONSENT.]

CONSENT, kon-sent', _v.i._ to be of the same mind: to agree: to give

assent: to yield: to comply.--_v.t._ (_Milt._) to allow.--_n._ agreement:

accordance with the actions or opinions of another: concurrence: advice,

counsel.--_adj._ CONSENT[=A]'NEOUS, agreeable or accordant: consistent

with.--_adv._ CONSENT[=A]'NEOUSLY--_ns._ CONSENT[=A]'NEOUSNESS,

CONSENTAN[=E]'ITY.--_n._ CONSEN'TIENCE, state of being consentient:

imperfect consciousness.--_adj._ CONSEN'TIENT, agreeing in mind or in

opinion.--_adv._ CONSENT'INGLY.--AGE OF CONSENT, the age at which a person

is considered in the eyes of the law competent to give consent to certain

acts; BE OF CONSENT (_Shak._), to be accessory; WITH ONE CONSENT,

unanimously. [L. _consent[=i]re_--_con_, with, _sent[=i]re_, to feel, to

think.]

CONSEQUENCE, kon'se-kwens, _n._ that which follows or comes after as a

result: effect: influence: importance: (_pl._) a round game describing the

meeting of a lady and gentleman and its consequences, each player in turn

writing a part of the story, not knowing what the others have

written.--_v.i._ (_Milt._) to draw inferences.--_adj._ CON'SEQUENT,

following as a natural effect or deduction.--_n._ that which follows: the

natural effect of a cause.--_adj._ CONSEQUEN'TIAL, following as a result:

casual: pompous.--_advs._ CONSEQUEN'TIALLY; CON'SEQUENTLY. [Fr.,--L.

_consequi_--_con_, together, and _sequi_, to follow.]

CONSERTION, kon-ser'shun, _n._ junction, adaptation.

CONSERVE, kon-s[.e]rv', _v.t._ to keep entire: to retain: to preserve:

(_obs._) to preserve in sugar.--_n._ something preserved, as fruits in

sugar.--_adj._ CONSER'VABLE.--_n._ CONSER'VANCY, a court having authority

to preserve the fisheries, &c., on a river: the act of

preserving.--_p.adj._ CONSER'VANT.--_n._ CONSERV[=A]'TION, the act of

conserving: the keeping entire.--_adj._ CONSERV[=A]'TIONAL.--_n._

CONSER'VATISM, the opinions and principles of a Conservative.--_adj._

CONSER'VATIVE, tending or having power to conserve.--_n._ (_politics_) one

who desires to preserve the institutions of his country against innovation

and change: one averse to change and progress.--_ns._ CONSER'VATIVENESS;

CONSERVATOIRE (kon-ser-va-twär'), CONSERVAT[=O]'RIUM, a name given by the

Italians to schools instituted for the purpose of advancing the study of

music and maintaining its purity; CON'SERV[=A]TOR, one who preserves from

injury or violation: a guardian, custodian:--_fem._ CONSER'VATRIX;

CONSER'VATORSHIP; CONSER'VATORY, a storehouse: a greenhouse or place in

which exotic plants are kept: a school of music.--_adj._

preservative.--_n._ CONSER'VER.--CONSERVATION OF ENERGY, the law that the

total amount of energy in a material system cannot be varied, provided the

system neither parts with energy to other bodies nor receives it from them;

CONSERVATION OF MATTER, the experimentally ascertained fact that no process

at the command of man can either destroy or create even a single particle

of matter.--CONSERVATORS OF THE PEACE, a title usually applied to knights

elected in each shire, from the 12th century onwards, for the conservation

of the peace. [L. _conserv[=a]re_--_con_, together, and _serv[=a]re_, to

keep.]

CONSIDER, kon-sid'[.e]r, _v.t._ to look at closely or carefully: to think

or deliberate on: to take into account: to attend to: to reward.--_v.i._ to

think seriously or carefully: to deliberate.--_adj._ CONSID'ERABLE, worthy

of being considered: important: more than a little.--_n._

CONSID'ERABLENESS.--_adv._ CONSID'ERABLY.--_n._ CONSID'ERANCE (_Shak._),

consideration.--_adjs._ CONSID'ER[=A]TE, CONSID'ERATIVE (_obs._),

thoughtful: serious: prudent: thoughtful for the feelings of

others.--_adv._ CONSID'ERATELY.--_ns._ CONSID'ERATENESS, thoughtfulness for

others; CONSIDER[=A]'TION, deliberation: importance: motive or reason:

compensation, reward: the reason or basis of a compact: (_law_) the thing

given or done or abstained from by agreement with another, and in view of

that other giving, doing, or abstaining from something.--_prep._

CONSID'ERING, in view of: seeing that.--_adv._ CONSID'ERINGLY, with

consideration. [Fr.--L. _consider[=a]re_, supposed to have been orig. a

term of augury--_con_, and _sidus_, _sideris_, a star.]

CONSIGN, kon-s[=i]n', _v.t._ to give to another: to sign or seal: to

transfer: to entrust: to commit: to transmit for sale or custody.--_adj._

CONSIGN'ABLE.--_ns._ CONSIGN[=A]'TION; CONSIG'NATORY, one who signs a

document jointly.--_adj._ CONSIGNED', given in trust.--_ns._ CONSIG'NATURE,

complete signature: joint signing; CONSIGNEE', one to whom anything is

consigned or entrusted; CONSIGN'ER, CONSIGN'OR; CONSIGN'MENT, the act of

consigning: the thing consigned: the writing by which anything is made

over: in Mercantile Law, goods placed in the hands of an agent or factor

for sale, or for some other specified purpose. [Fr.,--L. _consign[=a]re_,

to attest.]

CONSIGNIFY, kon-sig'ni-f[=i], _v.t._ to signify or indicate in connection

with something else.--_n._ CONSIGNIFIC[=A]'-TION.--_adj._

CONSIGNIF'ICATIVE.

CONSILIENCE, kon-sil'i-ens, _n._ concurrence: coincidence.--_adj._

CONSIL'IENT, agreeing. [L. _con_, together, and _sal[=i]re_, to leap.]

CONSIMILAR, kon-sim'i-lar, _adj._ like each other.--_ns._ CONSIMIL'ITUDE,

CONSIMIL'ITY. [L. _consimilis_.]

CONSIST, kon-sist', _v.i._ to exist, subsist: to co-exist: to agree.--_ns._

CONSIST'ENCE, CONSIST'ENCY, a degree of density: substance: agreement: the

quality of being self-consistent.--_adj._ CONSISTENT, fixed: not fluid:

agreeing together: uniform in thought or action.--_adv._

CONSIST'ENTLY.--_adjs._ CONSIST[=O]'RIAL, CONSIST[=O]'RIAN.--_n._

CONSIST'ORY, properly a place of assembly: the particular place where the

privy-council of the Roman emperor met, the council itself: an assembly or

council: a spiritual or ecclesiastical court in the R.C. Church, consisting

of the pope and cardinals, and determining all such matters as the

appointment of cardinals, bishops, &c.; in the Lutheran Church, exercising

a supervision over religion and education, over the clergy, schoolmasters,

and theological candidates; in the Reformed Church, the kirk-session, or

the presbytery.--CONSIST IN, to lie in: to depend upon: to be composed of;

CONSIST OF, to be made up of. [L. _consist[)e]re_--_con_, together,

_sist[)e]re_, to stand.]

CONSOCIATE, kon-s[=o]'shi-[=a]t, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to associate

together.--_p.adj._ CONS[=O]'CIATED.--_n._ CONSOCI[=A]'TION, companionship

(_with_): association: alliance. [L. _consoci[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_con_,

with, _soci[=a]re_, to associate--_socius_, a companion.]

CONSOLE, kon-s[=o]l', _v.t._ to give solace or comfort: to cheer in

distress.--_adj._ CONSOL'ABLE, that may be comforted.--_v.t._ CON'SOLATE

(_Shak._), to console.--_ns._ CONSOL[=A]'TION, solace: alleviation of

misery: a comforting circumstance; CONSOL[=A]'TION-MATCH, -RACE, &c., a

race, &c., in which only those who have been previously unsuccessful may

compete.--_adj._ CONSOL'ATORY.--_n._ CON'SOLER:--_fem._ CON'-SOL[=A]TRIX.

[L. _con_, inten., and _sol[=a]ri_, to comfort.]

CONSOLE, kon's[=o]l, _n._ (_archit._) a projection resembling a bracket,

frequently in the form of the letter S, used to support cornices, or for

placing busts, vases, or figures on: the key-desk of an organ.--_n._

CON'SOLE-TA'BLE, a table having one of its sides supported against a wall

by consoles or brackets. [Fr. _console_; prob. conn. with CONSOLIDATE.]

CONSOLIDATE, kon-sol'i-d[=a]t, _v.t._ to make solid: to form into a compact

mass: to unite into one.--_v.i._ to grow solid or firm: to unite.--_adj._

made firm or solid: united.--_p.adj._ CONSOL'IDATED.--_n._

CONSOLID[=A]'TION, act of making or becoming solid: confirmation.--_adj._

CONSOL'IDATIVE, tending to consolidate: having the quality of

healing.--_n._ CONSOL'IDATOR, one who or that which

consolidates.--CONSOLIDATION ACTS, acts of parliament which combine into

one general statute several special enactments. [L. _consolid[=a]re_,

_-[=a]tum_--_con_, inten., and _solidus_, solid.]

CONSOLS, kon'solz, _n.pl._ (short for CONSOLIDATED ANNUITIES) that part of

the British national debt which consists of several stocks consolidated

into one fund.

CONSOMMÉ, kon-so-m[=a]', _n._ a kind of soup made from meat by slow

boiling. [Fr.,--L. _consumm[=a]re_, to consummate.]

CONSONANT, kon'son-ant, _adj._ consistent: suitable: harmonious.--_n._ an

articulation which can be sounded only with a vowel: a letter of the

alphabet other than a vowel.--_ns._ CON'SONANCE, a state of agreement:

agreement or unison of sounds: (_mus._) a combination of notes which can

sound together without the harshness produced by beats: concord;

CON'SONANCY, harmony.--_adj._ CONSONANT'AL.--_adv._ CON'SONANTLY.--_adj._

CON'SONOUS, harmonious. [L. _consonans_, _-antis_, pr.p. of _conson[=a]re_,

to harmonise--_con_, with, and _son[=a]re_, to sound.]

CONSORT, kon'sort, _n._ a partner: a companion: a wife or husband: an

accompanying ship: (_obs._) a number of people: an orchestra: former

spelling for concert.--_v.t._ CONSORT' (_Shak._), to accompany: to

associate (_with_).--_v.i._ to associate or keep company: to

agree.--_p.adj._ CONSORT'ED, associated.--_n._ CON'SORTSHIP.--IN CONSORT,

in company: in harmony. [L. _consors_, from _con_, with, and _sors_,

_sortis_, a lot.]

CONSPECIES, kon-sp[=e]'sh[=e]z, _n._ (_zool._) a subspecies or

variety.--_adj._ CONSPECIF'IC.

CONSPECTUS, kon-spek'tus, _n._ a comprehensive survey: a synopsis.--_n._

CONSPECT[=U]'ITY (_Shak._), sight: the eye. [L.

_conspectus_--_conspic[)e]re_, to look at.]

CONSPICUOUS, kon-spik'[=u]-us, _adj._ clearly seen: visible to eye or mind:

prominent.--_ns._ CONSPIC[=U]'ITY, CONSPIC'UOUSNESS.--_adv._

CONSPIC'UOUSLY. [L. _conspicuus_--_conspic[)e]re_--_con_, inten.,

_spic[)e]re_, to look.]

CONSPIRE, kon-sp[=i]r', _v.i._ to plot or scheme together: to agree: to

concur to one end.--_v.t._ to plan, devise.--_n._ CONSPIR'ACY, the act of

conspiring: a banding together for an evil purpose: a plot:

concurrence.--_adj._ CONSPIR'ANT, conspiring.--_ns._ CONSPIR[=A]'TION,

conspiracy; CONSPIR'ATOR, one who conspires:--_fem._

CONSPIR'ATRESS.--_adj._ CONSPIRAT[=O]'RIAL.--_n._ CONSPIR'ER (_Shak._),

conspirator.--_adv._ CONSPIR'INGLY. [L. _conspir[=a]re_--_con_, together,

_spir[=a]re_, to breathe.]

CONSPISSATE, kon-spis'[=a]t, _v.t._ to inspissate.--_n._ CONSPISS[=A]'TION.

CONSPURCATION, kon-spur-k[=a]'shun, _n._ (_obs._) defilement. [L.

_conspurc[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to defile.]

CONSTABLE, kun'sta-bl, _n._ formerly a state-officer of the highest rank:

the warden of a castle: a peace-officer: a policeman.--_ns._ CON'STABLERY,

the charge of a constable; CON'STABLESHIP; CON'STABLEWICK, the district of

a constable; CON'STABLING, acting as a constable or policeman;

CONSTAB'ULARY, the body of constables of a district, town, &c.--_adj._ of

or pertaining to constables, or peace-officers.--CONSTABLE OF FRANCE, chief

of the household under the old French kings, then commander-in-chief of the

army, judge in questions of chivalry, tournaments, and martial

displays.--HIGH CONSTABLE, one of two constables ordained in every hundred

or franchise, to make the view of armour, and to see to the conservation of

the peace; HIGH CONSTABLE OF SCOTLAND, the first subject in Scotland after

the blood-royal; LORD HIGH CONSTABLE OF ENGLAND, the seventh great officer

of the crown, and formerly a judge in the court of chivalry.--OUTRUN THE

CONSTABLE, to go too fast: to get into debt.--SPECIAL CONSTABLE, a person

sworn in by the justices to preserve the peace, or to execute warrants on

special occasions. [O. Fr. _conestable_ (Fr. _connétable_)--L. _comes

stabuli_, count of the _stabulum_, stable.]

CONSTANT, kon'stant, _adj._ fixed: unchangeable: firm: continual:

faithful.--_n._ (_math._) a term or quantity which does not vary throughout

a given investigation: that which remains unchanged.--_n._ CON'STANCY,

fixedness: unchangeableness: faithfulness: (_Shak._) perseverance:

(_Shak._) certainty.--_adv._ CON'STANTLY. [L. _constans_, _-antis_, from

_const[=a]re_, to stand firm--_con_, inten., _st[=a]re_, to stand.]

CONSTANTIA, kon-stan'shi-a, _n._ a wine produced around _Constantia_ in

Cape Colony.

CONSTANTINIAN, kon-stan-tin'yan, _adj._ pertaining to the Roman emperor,

_Constantine_ the Great (A.D. 274-337).

CONSTANTINOPOLITAN, kon-stan'ti-no-pol'it-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to

_Constantinople_.

CONSTAT, kon'stat, _n._ a certificate of what appears (_constat_) on record

touching a matter given by the auditors of the Exchequer: an attested copy

of the enrolment of letters patent.

CONSTELLATE, kon'stel-[=a]t, or kon-stel'[=a]t, _v.t._ to cluster.--_v.i._

to be fated, according to the position of the stars: to cluster

together.--_n._ CONSTELL[=A]'TION, a group of stars: an assemblage of

persons distinguished in some way: (_astrol._) a particular disposition of

the planets, supposed to influence the course of human life or

character.--_adj._ CONSTEL'LATORY. [L. _constellatus_, studded with

stars--_con_, with, _stell[=a]re_--_stella_, a star.]

CONSTERNATE, kon'ster-n[=a]t, _v.t._ to fill with dismay.--_n._

CONSTERN[=A]'TION, terror which throws into confusion: astonishment:

dismay. [L. _constern[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, from _con_, wholly,

_stern[)e]re_, to strew.]

CONSTIPATE, kon'stip-[=a]t, _v.t._ to stop up: to make costive: (_obs._) to

press together.--_n._ CONSTIP[=A]'TION, costiveness, an irregular and

insufficient action of the bowels. [L. _con_, together, _stip[=a]re_,

_-[=a]tum_, to pack.]

CONSTITUTE, kon'stit-[=u]t, _v.t._ to set up: to establish: to form or

compose: to appoint: to determine.--_n._ CONSTIT'UENCY, the whole body of

voters for a member of parliament.--_adj._ CONSTIT'UENT, constituting or

forming: essential: elemental: component.--_n._ an essential or elemental

part: one of those who elect a representative, esp. in parliament.--_n._

CONSTIT[=U]'TION, the act of constituting: the natural condition of body or

mind: disposition: a system of laws and customs established by the

sovereign power of a state for its own guidance: the established form of

government: a particular law or usage.--_adj._ CONSTIT[=U]'TIONAL, inherent

in the natural frame: natural: agreeable to the constitution or frame of

government: essential: legal: of a sovereign who rules subject to fixed

laws.--_n._ a walk for the sake of one's health.--_v.t._

CONSTIT[=U]'TIONALISE, to make constitutional.--_ns._

CONSTIT[=U]'TIONALISM, adherence to the principles of the constitution;

CONSTIT[=U]'TIONALIST, CONSTIT[=U]'TIONIST, one who favours the

constitution; CONSTITUTIONAL'ITY, the state or quality of being

constitutional.--_adv._ CONSTIT[=U]'TIONALLY.--_adj._ CON'STITUTIVE, that

constitutes or establishes: having power to enact, &c.: essential. [L.

_constitu[)e]re_, _constitutum_, from _con_, together, and _statu[)e]re_,

to make to stand, to place.]

CONSTRAIN, kon-str[=a]n', _v.t._ to urge with irresistible power: to force,

compel: to distress: to confine: to limit: to cause constraint.--_adj._

CONSTRAIN'ABLE.--_p.adj._ CONSTRAINED', forced, compelled:

embarrassed.--_adv._ CONSTRAIN'EDLY.--_n._ CONSTRAINT', irresistible force:

compulsion: confinement: repression of one's feelings: embarrassment. [O.

Fr. _constraindre_--L. _constring[)e]re_--_con_, together, _string[)e]re_,

to press. See STRAIN.]

CONSTRICT, kon-strikt', _v.t._ to press together: to contract: to

cramp.--_p.adj._ CONSTRICT'ED, narrowed: cramped: (_bot._) contracted or

tightened, so as to be smaller in some parts than in others.--_n._

CONSTRIC'TION, a pressing together: contraction: tightness.--_adj._

CONSTRICT'IVE.--_n._ CONSTRICT'OR, that which constricts or draws together:

a large serpent which crushes its prey in its folds--the Boa-constrictor

(q.v.). [L. _constring[)e]re_, _constrictum_.]

CONSTRINGE, kon-strinj', _v.t._ to draw together: to cause to

contract.--_v.i._ to contract.--_n._ CONSTRIN'GENCY.--_adj._ CONSTRIN'GENT,

having the quality of contracting. [L. _constring[)e]re_.]

CONSTRUCT, kon-strukt', _v.t._ to build up: to compile: to put together the

parts of a thing: to make: to compose.--_adj._ constructed.--_adjs._

CONSTRUCT'ABLE, CONSTRUCT'IBLE, able to be constructed.--_ns._

CONSTRUCT'ER, CONSTRUCT'OR; CONSTRUC'TION, the act of constructing:

anything piled together, building: manner of forming: (_gram._) the

arrangement of words in a sentence: interpretation: meaning.--_adjs._

CONSTRUC'TIONAL, pertaining to construction; CONSTRUCT'IVE, capable of

constructing: not direct or expressed, but inferred.--_adv._

CONSTRUCT'IVELY.--_ns._ CONSTRUCT'IVENESS, the faculty of constructing;

CONSTRUCT'URE.--CONSTRUCT STATE, in Hebrew and other Semitic languages, the

state of a noun depending on another noun, which in Aryan languages would

be in the genitive case--e.g. House of God--house being in the construct

state.--BEAR A CONSTRUCTION, to allow of a particular interpretation. [L.

_constru[)e]re_, _-structum_--_con_, _stru[)e]re_, to build.]

CONSTRUE, kon'str[=oo], or kon-str[=oo]', _v.t._ to exhibit the arrangement

in another language: to translate: to explain: to interpret: to

infer.--_v.i._ to admit of grammatical analysis.--CON'STER, an old form.

[L. _constru[)e]re_, _constructum_, to pile together.]

CONSTUPRATE, kon'st[=u]-pr[=a]t, _v.t._ (_obs._) to deflower.--_n._

CONSTUPR[=A]'TION.

CONSUBSIST, kon-sub-sist', _v.i._ to subsist together.

CONSUBSTANTIAL, kon-sub-stan'shal, _adj._ of the same substance, nature, or

essence, esp. of the Trinity.--_ns._ CONSUBSTAN'TIALISM, the doctrine of

consubstantiation; CONSUBSTAN'TIALIST, one who believes in

consubstantiation; CONSUBSTANTIAL'ITY.--_adv._ CONSUBSTAN'TIALLY, with

sameness of substance.--_v.t._ CONSUBSTAN'TI[=A]TE, to unite in one common

substance or nature.--_v.i._ to become so united.--_adj._ united in one

common substance.--_ns._ CONSUBSTANTI[=A]'TION (_theol._), the Lutheran

doctrine of the actual, substantial presence of the body and blood of

Christ co-existing in and with the bread and wine used at the Lord's

Supper; CONSUBSTANTI[=A]'TIONIST. [L. _con_, with, and SUBSTANTIAL.]

CONSUETUDE, kon'swe-t[=u]d, _n._ custom: familiarity.--_adj._

CONSUET[=U]'DINARY, customary.--_n._ an unwritten law established by usage,

derived by immemorial custom from antiquity: a ritual of customary

devotions. [L. _consuetudo_, custom.]

CONSUL, kon'sul, _n._ one of the two chief-magistrates in the Roman

republic: one commissioned to reside in a foreign country as an agent for,

or representative of, a government.--_n._ CON'SULAGE, duty paid to a consul

for protection of goods.--_adj._ CON'SULAR, pertaining to a consul.--_n._ a

man of consular rank.--_ns._ CON'SULATE, the office, residence, or

jurisdiction of a consul; CON'SULSHIP, the office, or term of office, of a

consul. [L.]

CONSULT, kon-sult', _v.t._ to ask advice of: to decide or act in favour of:

to look up to for information or advice: to discuss: to consider: to take

measures for the advantage of any one.--_v.i._ to consider in company: to

take counsel.--_n._ (kon-sult', or kon'sult) the act of consulting: a

meeting for consultation: a council: a meeting for conspiracy or

intrigue.--_ns._ CONSUL'TA, a meeting of council; CONSULT[=A]'TION,

deliberation, or a meeting for such, esp. of physicians or lawyers.--_adj._

CONSULT'ATIVE, of or pertaining to consultation, esp. of bodies taking part

in a consultation without voting on the decision.--_ns._ CONSULTEE', the

person consulted; CONSULT'ER, one who consults.--_adjs._ CONSULT'ING, of a

physician or lawyer who gives advice; CONSULT'IVE, pertaining to

consultation; CONSULT'ORY, CONSULT'ATORY. [L. _consult-[=a]re_, inten. of

_consul-[)e]re_, to consult.]

CONSUME, kon-s[=u]m', _v.t._ to destroy by wasting, fire, evaporation, &c.:

to use up: to devour: to waste or spend: to exhaust.--_v.i._ to waste

away.--_adj._ CONSUM'ABLE.--_adv._ CONSUM'EDLY, exceedingly--originally a

fantastic variant of _confoundedly_, and prob. influenced in meaning by

_consummately_.--_ns._ CONSUM'ER, as opposed to _producer_, he who uses an

article produced; CONSUM'ING, wasting or destroying. [L. _consum-[)e]re_,

to destroy--_con_, sig. completeness, _sum-[)e]re_, _sumptum_, to take.]

CONSUMMATE, kon'sum-[=a]t, or kon-sum'[=a]t, _v.t._ to raise to the highest

point: to perfect or finish: to make marriage legally complete by sexual

intercourse.--_adj._ complete, supreme, perfect of its kind.--_adv._

CONSUMM'ATELY, perfectly.--_n._ CONSUMM[=A]'TION, act of completing:

perfection: conclusion of life or of the universe: the subsequent

intercourse which makes a marriage legally valid.--_adj._

CONSUMM'ATIVE.--_n._ CON'SUMMATOR.--_adj._ CONSUMM'ATORY. [L. _consummare_,

to perfect--_con_, with, and _summus_, highest, perfect.]

CONSUMPTION, kon-sum'shun, _n._ the act of using up or consuming--the

converse of _production_--also CONSUMPT'; _pulmonary consumption_, a more

or less rapidly advancing process of lung destruction, with progressive

emaciation--phthisis, tuberculosis.--_adj._ CONSUMP'TIVE, wasting away:

inclined to the disease consumption.--_adv._ CONSUMP'TIVELY.--_ns._

CONSUMP'TIVENESS, a tendency to consumption; CONSUMPTIV'ITY. [See CONSUME.]

CONSUTE, kon's[=u]t, _adj._ (_entom._) marked as if with stitches, as the

wing-covers of some beetles.--_adj._ CONS[=U]'TILE (_obs._), stitched

together. [L. _consu[)e]re_, _-sutum_, to sew together.]

CONTABESCENT, kon-tab-es'ent, _adj._ wasting away, atrophied.--_n._

CONTABES'CENCE. [L. _contabescentem_--_contabesc[)e]re_, to waste away.]

CONTABULATE, kon-tab'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to floor with boards.--_n._

CONTABUL[=A]'TION. [L., _con_, with, _tabula_, a board.]

CONTACT, kon'takt, _n._ touching or close union: meeting: (_math._)

coincidence, as of two curves, in two or more successive points.--_adj._

CONTACT'UAL, pertaining to contact.--BE IN CONTACT (_with_), to be touching

anything; MAKE CONTACT, to complete an electrical current. [L.

_conting-[)e]re_, _contactum_, to touch--_con_, wholly, _tang[)e]re_, to

touch.]

CONTADINA, kon-ta-d[=e]'na, _n._ an Italian peasant woman:--_pl._

CONTADI'NE (-ne), CONTADI'NAS. [It.]

CONTAGION, kon-t[=a]'jun, _n._ transmission of a disease from the sick to

the healthy, either by direct contact of a part affected with the disease,

or through the medium of the excretions or exhalations of the body.--_n._

CONT[=A]'GIONIST, one who believes that certain diseases are

contagious.--_adj._ CONT[=A]'GIOUS, that may be communicated by

contact.--_adv._ CONT[=A]'GIOUSLY.--_ns._ CONT[=A]'GIOUSNESS;

CONT[=A]'GIUM, the supposed morbific matter by means of which disease

spreads.--CONTAGIOUS DISEASES ACTS, a series of laws passed in 1865 and

succeeding years for the better regulation of prostitutes in certain

seaport and military towns. [L. _contagion-em_--_con_, together,

_tang[)e]re_, to touch.]

CONTAIN, kon-t[=a]n', _v.t._ to comprise, to include: (_B._) to restrain,

esp. the sexual appetite.--_adj._ CONTAIN'ABLE, that may be

contained.--_ns._ CONTAIN'ANT, CONTAIN'ER. [Through Fr. from L.

_contin[=e]re_--_con_, together, _ten[=e]re_, to hold.]

CONTAMINATE, kon-tam'i-n[=a]t, _v.t._ to defile by touching or mixing with:

to pollute: to corrupt: to infect.--_adj._ CONTAM'INABLE.--_n._

CONTAMIN[=A]'TION, pollution.--_adj._ CONTAM'INATIVE. [L. _contamin[=a]re_,

_-[=a]tum_--_contamen_ (for _contagmen_), pollution. See CONTACT.]

CONTANGO, kon-tang'go, _n._ a percentage paid by the buyer to the seller of

stock for keeping back its delivery to the next settling-day,

continuation--opp. to _Backwardation_. [From CONTINUE.]

CONTECK, kon'tek, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as CONTEST. [O. Fr. _contek_, prob.

conn. with _contekier_, to touch.]

CONTEMN, kon-tem', _v.t._ to despise: to neglect, to disregard.--_n._

CONTEM'NER. [Fr.,--L. _contemn[)e]re_, _-temptum_, to value little--_con_,

inten., _temn[)e]re_, to slight.]

CONTEMPER, kon-temp'[.e]r, _v.t._ to blend together, to qualify by mixture:

to adapt to anything.--_ns._ CONTEMPER[=A]'TION (_obs._), CONTEM'PERATURE.

[L. _contemper[=a]re_.]

CONTEMPLATE, kon'tem-pl[=a]t, or kon-tem'pl[=a]t, _v.t._ to consider or

look at attentively: to meditate on or study: to intend.--_v.i._ to think

seriously: to meditate (with _on_, _upon_).--_adj._ CONTEMP'LABLE.--_ns._

CONTEM'PLANT, CONTEMP'LATIST; CONTEMPL[=A]'TION, continued study of a

particular subject: a meditation written, or a subject for such.--_adj._

and _n._ CONTEM'PLATIVE, given to contemplation.--_adv._

CONTEM'PLATIVELY.--_ns._ CONTEM'PLATIVENESS; CON'TEMPL[=A]TOR, one who

contemplates: a student. [L. _contempl[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_, to mark out

carefully a _templum_ or place for auguries--_con_, sig. completeness, and

_templum_. See CONSIDER and TEMPLE.]

CONTEMPORANEOUS, kon-tem-po-r[=a]'ne-us, _adj._ living, happening, or being

at the same time.--_n._ CONTEMPORAN[=E]'ITY (_geol._), does not imply that

two systems were precisely synchronous, but merely that each occupies the

same relative position in the succession of systems.--_adv._

CONTEMPOR[=A]'NEOUSLY.--_ns._ CONTEMPOR[=A]'NEOUSNESS;

CONTEM'PORARINESS.--_adj._ CONTEM'PORARY, contemporaneous, occupying the

same period (_with_).--_n._ one who lives at the same time: a rival

newspaper or magazine.--_v.t._ CONTEM'PORISE, to make contemporary in mind.

[L. _con_, together, and _temporaneus_--_tempus_, time.]

CONTEMPT, kon-tempt', _n._ scorn: disgrace: (_law_) disregard of the rules

or an offence against the dignity of a court (with _of_, _for_).--_ns._

CONTEMPTIBIL'ITY, CONTEMPT'IBLENESS.--_adj._ CONTEMPT'IBLE,

despicable.--_adv._ CONTEMPT'IBLY.--_adj._ CONTEMPT'UOUS, haughty,

scornful.--_adv._ CONTEMPT'UOUSLY.--_n._ CONTEMPT'UOUSNESS. [See CONTEMN.]

CONTEND, kon-tend', _v.i._ to strive: to struggle in emulation or in

opposition: to dispute or debate (with _against_, _for_, _with_, _about_):

to urge one's course.--_ns._ CONTEND'ENT, CONTEND'ER, one who

contends.--_p.adj._ CONTEND'ING, striving.--_n._ CONTEN'TION, a violent

straining after any object: strife: debate.--_adj._ CONTEN'TIOUS,

quarrelsome.--_adv._ CONTEN'TIOUSLY.--_n._ CONTEN'TIOUSNESS. [L.

_contend[)e]re_, _-tentum_--_con_, with, _tend[)e]re_, to stretch.]

CONTENEMENT, kon-ten'[=e]-ment, _n._ land connected with a tenement.

CONTENT, kon-tent', or kon'tent, _n._ that which is contained: the capacity

or extent of anything: the substance: (_pl._) the things contained: the

list of subjects treated of in a book. [See CONTAIN.]

CONTENT, kon-tent', _adj._ having the desires limited by present enjoyment:

satisfied.--_n._ satisfaction--often 'heart's content.'--_interj._ = I am

content, agreed!--the formula of assent in the House of Lords.--_v.t._ to

make content: to satisfy the mind: to make quiet: to please.--_n._

CONTENT[=A]'TION (_obs._).--_adj._ CONTENT'ED, content.--_adv._

CONTENT'EDLY.--_ns._ CONTENT'EDNESS, CONTENT'MENT.--_adj._ CONTENT'LESS,

without content: discontented. [Fr.,--L. _contentus_, contained, hence

satisfied--_con_, and _ten[=e]re_, to hold.]

CONTERMINOUS, kon-t[.e]r'min-us, _adj._ having a common boundary:

coincident with: co-extensive with in time, substance, &c.--Also

CONTER'MINABLE, CONTER'MINAL, CONTER'MINANT, CONTER'MINATE. [L.

_conterminus_, neighbouring--_con_, together, and _terminus_, a boundary.]

CONTEST, kon-test', _v.t._ to call in question or make the subject of

dispute: to strive for.--_n._ CON'TEST, a struggle for superiority: strife:

debate.--_adj._ CONTEST'ABLE.--_ns._ CONTEST'ANT, one who contests;

CONTEST[=A]'TION, the act of contesting: contest: strife:

emulation.--_p.adj._ CONTEST'ED.--_adv._ CONTEST'INGLY, by

contest.--CONTESTED ELECTION, an election for a member of parliament or the

like, where more than one competitor offer themselves. [Fr.,--L.

_contest[=a]ri_, to call to witness--_con_, and _test[=a]ri_, to be a

witness--_testis_, a witness.]

CONTEXT, kon'tekst, _n._ the parts of a discourse or treatise which precede

and follow a special passage and fix its true meaning.--_adj._

CONTEXT'UAL--_adv._ CONTEXT'UALLY.--_n._ CONTEXT'URE, the interweaving of

parts into a whole: the structure or system of anything: any interwoven

fabric: the composition of a writing.--_v.t._ (_Carlyle_) to weave. [L.

_contextus_, _contex[)e]re_--_con_, together, _tex[)e]re_, _textum_, to

weave.]

CONTICENT, kon'tis-ent, _adj._ (_Thackeray_) silent. [L. _conticent-em_,

_con_, and _tac[=e]re_, to be silent.]

CONTIGNATION, kon-tig-n[=a]'shun, _n._ joining together: any structure so

joined: a framework or stage. [L.

_contignation-em_--_contign[=a]re_--_con_, _tignum_, wood.]

CONTIGUOUS, kon-tig'[=u]-us, _adj._ touching, adjoining: near.--_ns._

CONTIG[=U]'ITY, CONTIG'UOUSNESS.--_adv._ CONTIG'UOUSLY. [L.

_contiguus_--_conting[)e]re_, to touch on all sides--_con_, wholly,

_tang[)e]re_, to touch.]

CONTINENT, kon'ti-nent, _n._ a large extent of land not broken up by seas:

the mainland of Europe: one of the great divisions of the land surface of

the globe.--_adj._ restraining the indulgence of pleasure, esp. sexual:

temperate: virtuous.--_ns._ CON'TINENCE, CON'TINENCY, the restraint imposed

by a person upon his desires and passions: self-restraint in sexual

indulgence, often absolute: chastity.--_adj._ CONTINENT'AL, characteristic

of a continent, as of climate, &c.: pertaining to the European continent,

or to the colonies of North America at the period of independence.--_n._

CONTINENT'ALISM, anything peculiar to the usage of the Continent.--_adv._

CON'TINENTLY.--CONTINENTAL SYSTEM, the name given to Napoleon's plan for

shutting out England from all commercial connection with Europe. [L.

_continentem_--_contin[=e]re_, to contain--_con_, together, _ten[)e]re_, to

hold.]

CONTINGENT, kon-tin'jent, _adj._ dependent on something else: liable but

not certain to happen: accidental.--_n._ an event which is liable but not

certain to occur: a share or proportion, esp. of soldiers.--_ns._

CONTIN'GENCE, CONTIN'GENCY.--_adv._ CONTIN'GENTLY. [L.

_contingent-em_--_con_, _tang[)e]re_, to touch.]

CONTINUE, kon-tin'[=u], _v.t._ to draw out or prolong: to extend or

increase in any way: to unite without break: to persist in.--_v.i._ to

remain in the same place or state: to last or endure: to

persevere.--_adjs._ CONTIN'UABLE, that may be continued; CONTIN'UAL,

without interruption: unceasing.--_adv._ CONTIN'UALLY.--_n._ CONTIN'UANCE,

duration: uninterrupted succession: stay.--_adjs._ CONTIN'UANT;

CONTIN'U[=A]TE, close united: (_Shak._) unbroken.--_ns._ CONTINU[=A]'TION,

constant succession: extension; CONTINU[=A]'TION-DAY, the same as

CONTANGO-DAY, that on which contangoes are fixed.--_adj._ CONTIN'U[=A]TIVE,

continuing.--_n._ CONTIN'U[=A]TOR, one who continues or keeps up a series

or succession.--_adj._ CONTIN'UED, uninterrupted: unceasing:

extended.--_adv._ CONTIN'UEDLY.--_ns._ CONTIN'UEDNESS; CONTIN'UER, one who

continues, or has the power of persevering; CONTIN[=U]'ITY, state of being

continuous: uninterrupted connection.--_adj._ CONTIN'UOUS, joined together

without interruption.--_adv._ CONTIN'UOUSLY.--_ns._ CONTIN'UOUSNESS;

CONTIN'[=U]UM, a continuous thing:--_pl._ CONTIN'UA. [Fr.,--L.

_continu[=a]re_--_continuus_, joined, connected, from _contin[=e]re_.]

CONTLINE, kont'l[=i]n, _n._ in the stowage of casks the space between them:

the spiral intervals formed between the strands of a rope, by their being

twisted together. [Prob. _cant_.]

CONTO, kont'o, _n._ a Portuguese money of account, a million reis = £220.

CONTORNIATE, kon-tor'ni-[=a]t, _n._ a coin or medal with a deep groove

round the disc.--_adj._ having this.

CONTORNO, kon-tor'no, _n._ contour or outline. [It.]

CONTORT, kon-tort', _v.t._ to twist or turn violently: to writhe.--_adj._

CONTORT'ED, twisted: folded or twisted back upon itself, as some parts of

plants.--_ns._ CONTOR'TION, a violent twisting; CONTOR'TIONIST, a gymnast

who practises contorted postures: one who twists words and phrases.--_adj._

CONTORT'IVE, expressing contortion. [L. _con_, inten., and _torqu[=e]re_,

_tortum_, to twist.]

CONTOUR, kon't[=oo]r, or kon-t[=oo]r', _n._ the outline: the line which

bounds the figure of any object.--_v.t._ to mark with contour

lines.--CONTOUR LINES, lines drawn in a map through points all at the same

height above sea-level--usually on the British Ordnance Survey maps at

intervals of 50 feet. [Fr. _con_, and _tour_, a turning--L. _tornus_--Gr.

_tornos_, a lathe.]

CONTRA, kon'tra, _adv._ and _prep._ against, opposite: in front of: to the

contrary: a doublet of COUNTER- (_mus._), signifying an octave lower than

the typical form, as in _contrabass_, &c. See Appendix.

CONTRABAND, kon'tra-band, _adj._ contrary to law: prohibited.--_n._ illegal

traffic: prohibition: prohibited goods.--_ns._ CON'TRABANDISM, trafficking

in contraband goods; CON'TRABANDIST, a smuggler.--CONTRABAND OF WAR, a name

applied to certain commodities, as military stores, and even coal in an age

of war steamers, not to be supplied by neutral to belligerent powers. [Sp.

_contrabanda_--It. _contrabbando_--L. _contra_, against, L. L. _bandum_,

ban.]

CONTRABASS, kon'tra-b[=a]s, _n._ the double-bass viol, giving the lower

octave to the bass in the orchestra.--_adj._ applied to other instruments

taking a similar part.--Also CONTRABAS'SO and COUNT'ERBASE.

CONTRACT, kon-trakt', _v.t._ to draw together: to lessen: to shorten: to

acquire: to incur: to bargain for: to betroth.--_v.i._ to shrink: to become

less.--_n._ CON'TRACT, an agreement on fixed terms: a bond: a betrothment:

the writing containing an agreement.--_adj._ CONTRACT'ED, drawn together:

narrow: mean.--_adv._ CONTRACT'EDLY.--_ns._ CONTRACT'EDNESS;

CONTRACTIBIL'ITY, CONTRACT'IBLENESS.--_adjs._ CONTRACT'IBLE, capable of

being contracted; CONTRACT'ILE, tending or having power to contract.--_ns._

CONTRACTIL'ITY; CONTRAC'TION, act of contracting: a word shortened by

rejecting a part of it: a symbol for shortening in palæography, &c.--_adj._

CONTRACT'IVE, tending to contract.--_n._ CONTRACT'OR, one of the parties to

a bargain or agreement: one who engages to execute work or furnish supplies

at a fixed rate.--_adj._ CONTRACT'UAL.--CONTRACT ONE'S SELF OUT OF, to get

rid of some general obligation by making a special contract; CONTRACT WORK,

work done for a fixed sum estimated beforehand and paid down for the whole

job. [L. _contractus_--_con_, together, _trah[)e]re_, to draw.]

CONTRA-DANCE. See COUNTRY-DANCE.

CONTRADICT, kon-tra-dikt', _v.t._ to oppose by words: to assert the

contrary: to deny: to be contrary to in character.--_adj._

CONTRADICT'ABLE.--_n._ CONTRADIC'TION, act of contradicting: a speaking

against: denial: inconsistency.--_adj._ CONTRADIC'TIOUS.--_advs._

CONTRADIC'TIOUSLY (_rare_), CONTRADIC'TORILY.--_adjs._ CONTRADICT'IVE,

CONTRADICT'ORY, affirming the contrary: inconsistent.--_n._

CONTRADICT'ORINESS, the quality of being contradictory, [L.

_contradic[)e]re_, _-dictum_.]

CONTRADISTINCTION, kon-tra-dis-tingk'shun, _n._ distinction by

contrast.--_adj._ CONTRADISTINCT'IVE, distinguishing by opposite

qualities.--_v.t._ CONTRADISTIN'GUISH, to mark the difference between two

things by contrasting their different qualities.

CONTRAFISSURE, kon'tra-fish-[=u]r, _n._ (_surg._) a fracture or contusion

of the skull at a place opposite that on which the blow was received.

CONTRAHENT, kon'tra-hent, _adj._ entering into a contract.--_n._ a

contracting party. [L. _contrahent-em_--_contrah[)e]re_.]

CONTRA-INDICATE, kon'tra-in'di-k[=a]t, _v.t._ of a disease, to show

symptoms adverse to a particular treatment.--_ns._ CON'TRA-IN'DICANT,

CON'TRA-INDIC[=A]'TION.

CONTRAIRE, kon-tr[=a]r, _adj._ an obsolete form of CONTRARY.

CONTRALATERAL, kon-tra-lat'e-ral, _adj._ occurring on the opposite side.

CONTRALTO, kon-tral't[=o], _n._ the deepest or lowest species of musical

voice in boys, in eunuchs, and best of all in women. [See ALTO and COUNTER

(1).]

CONTRAPLEX, kon'tra-pleks, _adj._ (_teleg._) having two currents or

messages passing in opposite directions at the same time.

CONTRAPOSITION, kon'tra-po-zish'un, _n._ opposition, contrast: (_logic_) an

immediate inference, which consists in denying the original subject of the

contradictory of the original predicate.--_adj._ CON'TRA-POS'ITIVE.

CONTRAPTION, kon-trap'shun, _n._ (_U.S._) a contrivance.

CONTRAPUNTAL. See COUNTERPOINT.

CONTRA-ROTATION, kon'tra-r[=o]-t[=a]'shun, _n._ rotation in a contrary

direction.

CONTRARY, kon'tra-ri, _adj._ opposite: contradictory--CONTRA'RIANT

(_rare_).--_n._ a thing that is contrary or of opposite qualities.--_n.pl._

CON'TRARIES, things opposite in quality: (_logic_) propositions which

destroy each other.--_n._ CONTRAR[=I]'ETY, opposition:

inconsistency.--_adv._ CON'TRARILY.--_n._ CON'TRARINESS.--_adj._

CONTR[=A]'RIOUS, showing contrariety: repugnant: opposite.--_advs._

CONTR[=A]'RIOUSLY, contrarily; CON'TRARIWISE, on the contrary way or side:

on the other hand. [L. _contrarius_--_contra_, against.]

CONTRAST, kon-trast', _v.i._ to stand in opposition to.--_v.t._ to set in

opposition, in order to show superiority or give effect.--_n._ CON'TRAST,

opposition or unlikeness in things compared: exhibition of

differences.--_adj._ CONTRAST'IVE. [Fr. _contraster_--L. _contra_, opposite

to, _st[=a]re_, to stand.]

CONTRATE, kon'tr[=a]t, _adj._ having cogs or teeth arranged in a manner

contrary to the usual one, or projecting parallel to the axis.

CONTRA-TENOR. Same as COUNTER-TENOR (q.v. under COUNTER, 1).

CONTRAVALLATION, kon-tra-val-[=a]'shun, _n._ a fortification built by

besiegers about the place invested. [L. _contra_, opposite, _vall[=a]re_,

_[=a]tum_, to fortify.]

CONTRAVENE, kon-tra-v[=e]n', _v.t._ to oppose.--_n._ CONTRAVEN'TION, act of

contravening: opposition: obstruction. [L. _contra_, against, _ven[=i]re_,

to come.]

CONTRAYERVA, kon-tra-y[.e]r'va, _n._ a stimulating and tonic aromatic root

of tropical America. [Sp. _contrayerba_--L. _contra_, against, _herba_, a

herb.]

CONTRETEMPS, kon-tr-tang', _n._ something happening inopportunely or at the

wrong time, anything embarrassing, a hitch. [Fr. _contre_--L. _contra_,

against, and Fr. _temps_--L. _tempus_, time.]

CONTRIBUTE, kon-trib'[=u]t, _v.t._ to give along with others: to give for a

common purpose: to furnish an article to a newspaper, &c.: to pay a

share.--_v.i._ to give or bear a part.--_adj._ CONTRIB'UTARY, paying a

share, contributable, subject to contribution.--_n._ CONTRIB[=U]'TION, a

collection: a levy or charge imposed upon a people: anything furnished to a

common stock: a written composition supplied to a jointly written book,

newspaper, &c.--_adjs._ CONTRIB'UTIVE, CONTRIB'UTORY, giving a share:

helping.--_n._ CONTRIB'UTOR. [L. _con_, with, _tribu[)e]re_, _-utum_, to

give.]

CONTRIST, kon-trist', _v.t._ (_obs._) to sadden.--_n._ CONTRIST[=A]'TION.

[Fr.,--L. _contrist[=a]re_--_con_, inten., and _tristis_, sad.]

CONTRITE, kon'tr[=i]t, _adj._ broken-hearted for sin: penitent.--_adv._

CON'TRITELY.--_ns._ CON'TRITENESS; CONTRI'TION, deep sorrow for sin:

remorse. [L. _contritus_--_conter-[)e]re_--_con_, wholly, _ter-[)e]re_, to

bruise.]

CONTRITURATE, kon-trit'[=u]-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to pulverise together.

CONTRIVE, kon-tr[=i]v', _v.t._ to plan: to invent: to bring about or

effect: to plot.--_adj._ CONTRIV'ABLE, that may be contrived.--_ns._

CONTRIV'ANCE, CONTRIVE'MENT, act of contriving: the thing contrived:

invention: design: artifice; CONTRIV'ER, a schemer, a manager. [O. Fr.

_controver_--_con-_, _trover_, to find--L. _turb[=a]re_, to disturb.]

CONTRIVE, kon-triv', _v.t._ (_obs._) to spend, as time. [L.

_conter-[)e]re_, _contritum_, perf. _contr[=i]vi_, to wear out.]

CONTROL, kon-tr[=o]l', _n._ restraint: authority: command.--_v.t._ to

check: to restrain: to govern:--_pr.p._ contr[=o]l'ling; _pa.p._

contr[=o]lled'.--Formerly COMPTROLL', COUNTROL', CONTROUL'.--_adj._

CONTROL'LABLE, capable of, or subject to, control.--_ns._ CONTROL'LER,

COMPTROL'LER, one who checks the accounts of others by a counter-roll;

CONTROL'LERSHIP; CONTROL'MENT, act or power of controlling: state of being

controlled: control. [Fr. _contrôle_, from _contre-rôle_, a duplicate

register--L. _contra_, against, _rotulus_, a roll.]

CONTROVERT, kon'tro-v[.e]rt, _v.t._ to oppose: to argue against: to

refute.--_adj._ CONTROVER'SIAL, relating to controversy.--_n._

CONTROVER'SIALIST, one given to controversy.--_adv._

CONTROVER'SIALLY.--_ns._ CON'TROVERSY, a debate: contest:

resistance.--_adj._ CONTROVERT'IBLE.--_adv._ CONTROVERT'IBLY.--_n._

CON'TROVERTIST. [L. _contra_, against, and _vert-[)e]re_, to turn.]

CONTUMACIOUS, kon-t[=u]-m[=a]'shus, _adj._ opposing lawful authority with

contempt: obstinate: stubborn.--_adv._ CONTUM[=A]'CIOUSLY.--_ns._

CONTUM[=A]'CIOUSNESS; CON-TUMAC'ITY; CON'TUMACY, obstinate disobedience or

resistance. [L. _contumax_, _-acis_, insolent, from _con_, and

_tum-[=e]re_, to swell, or _temn-[)e]re_, to despise.]

CONTUMELY, kon't[=u]-mel-i, _n._ rudeness: insolence: reproach.--_adj._

CONTUM[=E]'LIOUS, haughtily reproachful: insolent.--_adv._

CONTUM[=E]'LIOUSLY.--_n._ CONTUM[=E]'LIOUSNESS. [L. _contumelia_, which is

prob. from the same source as _contumacy_.]

CONTUND, kon-tund', _v.t._ to bruise or pound.--_v.t._ CONT[=U]SE', to beat

or bruise: to crush.--_n._ CONT[=U]'SION, act of bruising; state of being

bruised; a bruise.--_adj._ CONT[=U]'SIVE, apt to bruise. [L.

_contund[)e]re_, _contusum_--_con_, and _tund[)e]re_, to bruise.]

CONUNDRUM, kon-un'drum, _n._ a sort of riddle containing some odd or

fanciful resemblance between things quite unlike: any puzzling question.

[Ety. dub.]

CONVALESCE, kon-val-es', _v.i._ to regain health.--_ns._ CONVALES'CENCE,

CONVALES'CENCY, gradual recovery of health and strength.--_adj._

CONVALES'CENT, gradually recovering health.--_n._ one recovering health.

[L. _con_, and _valesc-[)e]re_--_val-[=e]re_, to be strong.]

CONVALLARIA, kon-va-l[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of _Liliaceæ_, its only

species the Lily-of-the-valley. [L. _convallis_, a sheltered valley.]

CONVECTION, kon-vek'shun, _n._ the process of transmission of heat or

electricity through liquids or gases by means of currents.--_adj._

CONVEC'TIVE, occasioned by convection. [L.,--_con_, and _veh[)e]re_, to

carry.]

CONVENANCE, kong've-nangs, _n._ what is suitable or proper: (_pl._) the

conventional usages or social proprieties. [Fr.]

CONVENE, kon-v[=e]n', _v.i._ to come together: to assemble.--_v.t._ to call

together.--_adj._ CONV[=E]'NABLE.--_n._ CONVEN'ER, one who convenes a

meeting: the chairman of a committee. [Fr.,--L. _conven-[=i]re_, from

_con_, together, and _ven[=i]re_, to come.]

CONVENIENT, kon-v[=e]n'yent, _adj._ suitable: handy: commodious.--_adj._

CONVEN'ABLE (_obs._), fitting.--_ns._ CONVEN'IENCE, CONVEN'IENCY,

suitableness: an advantage: any particular domestic accommodation, as a

closet, &c.--_adv._ CONVEN'IENTLY. [L. _conven[=i]re_.]

CONVENT, kon'vent, _n._ an association of persons secluded from the world

and devoted to a religious life: the house in which they live, a monastery

or nunnery.--_adj._ CONVENT'UAL, belonging to a convent.--_n._ a monk or

nun; a member of one of the two divisions of the Franciscans, following a

mitigated rule--the other being the _Observants_. [Through Fr. from L.

_convent-um_, _conven[=i]re_, to come together.]

CONVENTICLE, kon-vent'i-kl, _n._ applied in contempt to a meeting for

worship of dissenters from the Established Church, applied esp. to the

field-preachings of the Presbyterian ministers in the persecutions under

Charles II. and James II.: any private, clandestine, or irregular

meeting.--_v.i._ to hold such.--_n._ CONVEN'TICLER. [L. _conventiculum_, a

secret meeting of monks, dim. of _conventus_.]

CONVENTION, kon-ven'shun, _n._ an assembly, esp. of representatives or

delegates for some common object: any extraordinary assembly called upon

any special occasion: any temporary treaty: an agreement: established

usage: fashion.--_adj._ CONVEN'TIONAL, formed by convention: growing out of

tacit agreement or custom: customary: not spontaneous.--_v.t._

CONVEN'TIONALISE.--_ns._ CONVENTIONALISM, that which is established by

tacit agreement, as a mode of speech, &c.; CONVEN'TIONALIST, one who

adheres to a convention, or is swayed by conventionalism; CONVENTIONAL'ITY,

state of being conventional: that which is established by use or

custom.--_adv._ CONVEN'TIONALLY.--_adj._ CONVEN'TIONARY, acting under

contract.--_ns._ CONVEN'TIONER, CONVEN'TIONIST. [Fr.,--L. _convention-em_.

See CONVENE.]

CONVERGE, kon-v[.e]rj', _v.i._ to tend to one point.--_ns._ CONVER'GENCE,

CONVER'GENCY, act or quality of tending to one point.--_adjs._ CONVER'GENT,

CONVER'GING, tending to one point. [L. _con_, together, and _verg[)e]re_,

to bend, to incline.]

CONVERSAZIONE, kon-v[.e]r-sat-se-[=o]'ne, _n._ a meeting for conversation,

particularly on literary subjects:--_pl._ CONVERSAZI[=O]'NI (-n[=e]). [It.]

CONVERSE, kon-v[.e]rs', _v.i._ to have intercourse: to talk

familiarly.--_n._ CON'VERSE, familiar intercourse: conversation.--_adj._

CONVERS'ABLE, disposed to converse: sociable.--_adv._ CONVERS'ABLY.--_ns._

CON'VERSANCE, CON'VERSANCY, state of being conversant: familiarity.--_adj._

CON'VERSANT, acquainted by study: familiar; (_B._) walking or associating

with.--_n._ CONVERS[=A]'TION, intercourse: talk: familiar discourse; (_B._)

behaviour or deportment.--_adj._ CONVERS[=A]'TIONAL.--_ns._

CONVERS[=A]'TIONALIST, CONVERS[=A]'TIONIST, one who excels in conversation;

CONVERS[=A]'TIONISM, a colloquialism.--_adj._ CONVER'SATIVE, ready to talk.

[Fr.,--L. _convers[=a]ri_, to live with--_con_, inten., and _vers[=a]re_,

to turn much--_vert[)e]re_, to turn.]

CONVERT, kon-vert', _v.t._ to change or turn from one thing, condition, or

religion to another: to change from an irreligious to a holy life: to alter

one thing into another: to apply to a particular purpose.--_n._ CON'VERT,

one converted: one who has become religious, or who has changed his

religion.--_adj._ CON'VERSE, reversed in order or relation.--_n._ that

which is the opposite of another: a proposition converted or turned

about--i.e. one in which the subject and predicate have changed

places.--_adv._ CON'VERSELY.--_ns._ CONVER'SION, change from one thing,

state, or religion to another: (_theol._) the conscious change of heart

impelling the repentant sinner to a new life: appropriation to a special

purpose: (_logic_) act of interchanging the terms of a proposition;

CON'VERTEND, the proposition to be converted; CONVERT'ER, one who converts:

a vessel in which materials are changed from one condition to another;

CONVERTIBIL'ITY, CONVERT'IBLENESS.--_adjs._ CONVERT'IBLE, CONVER'SIVE

(_obs._), that may be converted: equivalent.--_adv._ CONVERT'IBLY.--_n._

CON'VERTITE, a convert, a reformed woman. [L. _convert[)e]re_,

_conversum_--_con_, and _vert[)e]re_, to turn.]

CONVEX, kon'veks, _adj._ rising into a round form on the outside, the

reverse of _concave_.--_n._ the vault of heaven, &c.--_adj._ CONVEXED',

made convex.--_adv._ CONVEX'EDLY.--_ns._ CONVEX'ITY, CON'VEXNESS, roundness

of form on the outside.--_adv._ CON'VEXLY.--_adjs._ CONVEX'O-CON'CAVE,

convex on one side, and concave on the other; CONVEX'O-CON'VEX, convex on

both sides. [L. _convexus_--_conveh-[)e]re_--_con_, together, and

_veh[)e]re_, to carry.]

CONVEY, kon-v[=a]', _v.t._ to carry: to transmit: to impart: to steal: to

communicate, as ideas: to make over in law.--_adj._ CONVEY'ABLE.--_ns._

CONVEY'AL; CONVEY'ANCE, the means of conveying: a vehicle of any kind:

(_law_) the act of transferring property: the writing which transfers it;

CONVEY'ANCER, one whose business is the preparation of deeds for the

transference of property; CONVEY'ANCING, the business of a conveyancer;

CONVEY'ER. [O. Fr. _conveier_--L. _con_, along with, and O. Fr. _veie_--L.

_via_, a way.]

CONVICINITY, kon-vi-sin'i-ti, _n._ neighbourhood.

CONVICT, kon-vikt', _v.t._ to prove guilty: to pronounce guilty.--_n._

CON'VICT, one convicted or found guilty of crime, esp. one who has been

condemned to penal servitude.--_ns._ CONVIC'TION, act of convincing: strong

belief: a proving guilty: (_theol._) the condition of being consciously

convicted of sin; CON'VICTISM, the convict system.--_adj._ CONVICT'IVE,

able to convince or convict.--CARRY CONVICTION, to bear irresistibly the

stamp or proof of truth; UNDER CONVICTION, in such a state of awakened

consciousness. [From root of CONVINCE.]

CONVINCE, kon-vins', _v.t._ to subdue the mind by evidence: to satisfy as

to truth or error: (_B._) to convict: to refute.--_n._

CONVINCE'MENT.--_adjs._ CONVINC'IBLE; CONVINC'ING, producing

conviction.--_adv._ CONVINC'INGLY. [L. _convinc[)e]re_, _con_, sig.

completeness, and _vinc[)e]re_, _victum_, to conquer.]

CONVIVIAL, kon-viv'i-al, _adj._ feasting in company: relating to a feast:

social: jovial.--_v.i._ CONVIVE' (_Shak._), to feast together.--_n._ a

companion at table.--_ns._ CONVIV'IALIST, a convivial fellow;

CONVIVIAL'ITY.--_adv._ CONVIV'IALLY. [L.,--_convivium_, a living together,

a feast--_con_, together, and _viv[)e]re_, to live.]

CONVOKE, kon-v[=o]k', _v.t._ to call together: to assemble--also

CON'VOC[=A]TE.--_n._ CONVOC[=A]'TION, act of convoking: a provincial synod

of clergy, the ancient ecclesiastical council of the archbishop, esp. those

of the provinces of Canterbury and York in the Church of England: the great

legislative assembly of the university at Oxford and elsewhere.--_adj._

CONVOC[=A]'TIONAL.--_n._ CONVOC[=A]'TIONIST. [L. _convoc[=a]re_--_con_,

together, and _voc[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to call.]

CONVOLVE, kon-volv', _v.t._ to roll together, or one part on

another.--_adjs._ CON'VOLUTE, -D, rolled together, or one part on

another.--_n._ CONVOL[=U]'TION, a twisting: a fold. [L. _con_, together,

_volv[)e]re_, _-utum_, to roll.]

CONVOLVULUS, kon-vol'v[=u]-lus, _n._ a genus of twining or trailing plants,

called also _Bindweed_. [L.,--_convolv[)e]re_.]

CONVOY, kon-voy', _v.t._ to accompany for protection.--_n._ CON'VOY, the

act of convoying: protection: that which convoys or is convoyed, esp. a

ship or ships of war guarding a fleet of merchant-vessels, also the ships

so protected: an honourable escort: a supply of stores, &c., under escort.

[Fr. _convoyer_. See CONVEY.]

CONVULSE, kon-vuls', _v.t._ to agitate violently: to affect by

spasms.--_adj._ CONVUL'SIBLE, subject to convulsion.--_n._ CONVUL'SION, any

involuntary contraction of the voluntary muscles of the body, esp. such

seizures in which the body is thrown into violent spasmodic contractions,

the sensibility and voluntary motion being for a time suspended: any

violent disturbance.--_adjs._ CONVUL'SIONAL, CONVUL'SIONARY, pertaining to

convulsions.--_n.pl._ CONVUL'SIONARIES, a fanatical sect of Jansenists who

sprang up in France about 1730.--_adj._ CONVULS'IVE, attended with

convulsions: spasmodic.--_adv._ CONVULS'IVELY.--_n._ CONVULS'IVENESS. [L.

_con_, inten., and _vell[)e]re_, _vulsum_, to pluck, to pull.]

CONY, CONEY, k[=o]'ni, or kun'i, _n._ a rabbit: (_B._) translation of Heb.

_shâphân_, the _Hyrax syriacus_, or rock-badger: (_obs._) an equivocal term

of endearment for a woman.--_n._ C[=O]'NY-BURR'OW, a rabbit-warren.--_v.t._

C[=O]'NY-CATCH (_Shak._), to cheat.--_ns._ C[=O]NY-CATCH'ER, a cheat;

C[=O]'NY-WOOL, rabbits' fur. [Prob. through O. Fr. _connil_, from L.

_cuniculus_, a rabbit.]

CONYZA, k[=o]-n[=i]'za, _n._ a genus of strong-smelling herbaceous

composite plants--applied formerly to the fleabanes. [Gr.]

COO, k[=oo], _v.i._ to make a sound as a dove: to caress fondly, usually in

phrase, 'to bill and coo:'--_pr.p._ c[=oo]'ing; _pa.p._ c[=oo]ed.--_n._ the

sound emitted by doves.--_adv._ COO'INGLY. [From the sound.]

COOEE, k[=oo]'[=e], COOEY, koo'i, _n._ the signal-call of the native

Australians in the bush.--_v.i._ to make such.

COOF, küf, _n._ (_Scot._) a stupid fellow. [Prob. M. E. _cofe_, the modern

_Cove_, a fellow.]

COOK, kook, _v.t._ to prepare food: to manipulate for any purpose, or

falsify, as accounts, &c.: to concoct.--_n._ one whose business is to

cook.--_ns._ COOK'ERY, the art or practice of cooking; COOK'ERY-BOOK, a

book of receipts for cooking dishes.--_n.pl._ COOK'ING-APP'LES, &c.,

apples, &c., sold specially for cooking.--_ns._ COOK'ING-RANGE, a stove

adapted for cooking several things at once; COOK'-ROOM, a room in which

food is cooked; COOK'-SHOP, an eating-house.--TO COOK ONE'S GOOSE

(_slang_), to finish off, to kill. [A.S. _cóc_, a cook (Ger. _koch_),

borrowed from L. _coquus_.]

COOK, kook, _v.i._ to make the sound of the cuckoo.

COOK, kook, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to appear and disappear by turns.

COOKIE, kook'i, _n._ a kind of sweet cake used at tea.--_n._ COOKIE-SHINE,

a tea-party. [Dut. _koekje_, a cake.]

COOL, k[=oo]l, _adj._ slightly cold: free from excitement: calm: not

zealous, ardent, or cordial: indifferent: impudent: colloquially of a large

sum of money, as 'a cool thousand.'--_v.t._ to make cool: to allay or

moderate, as heat, excitement, passion, &c.--_v.i._ to grow cool.--_n._

that which is cool: coolness.--_n._ COOL'ER, anything that cools: a vessel

in which something is cooled--e.g. 'a butter-cooler.'--_adjs._

COOL'-HEAD'ED, not easily excited: capable of acting with composure;

COOL'ISH, somewhat cool; COOL'LY (_Spens._), cool.--_adv._ in a cool

manner: indifferently: impudently.--_ns._ COOL'NESS, moderate cold:

indifference: want of zeal; COOL'-TANK'ARD, a cooling drink of wine and

water, with lemon-juice, spices, and borage: a local name of borage; COOLTH

(_dial._), coolness. [A.S. _cól_; Ger. _kühl_. See COLD and CHILL.]

COOLIE, COOLY, k[=oo]l'i, _n._ an Indian or Chinese labourer who has

emigrated under contract to a foreign land: a European's name for a hired

native labourer in India and China. [Prob. _Kuli_, a tribe of Guzerat; or

orig. Tamil, cf. _k[=u]li_, hire.]

COOM, k[=oo]m, _n._ matter that gathers at the naves of wheels: soot that

gathers at the mouth of an oven: coal-dust. [Prob. conn. with Ger. _kahm_,

mould gathered on liquids.]

COOM, k[=oo]m, _n._ (_Scot._) the wooden centering on which a bridge is

built: anything arched or vaulted.--_adj._ COOM'-CEILED, said of a garret

with the inside ceiling sloping from the wall. [Origin obscure.]

COOMB, COMB, k[=oo]m, _n._ a deep little wooded valley: a hollow on the

flank of a hill. [A.S. _cumb_, a hollow.]

COOMB, COMB, k[=oo]m, _n._ a measure of capacity = 4 bushels. [A.S. _cumb_,

a measure.]

COON, k[=oo]n, _n._ the raccoon: a sly fellow.--A GONE COON, one whose case

is hopeless. [U.S.]

COONTIE, COONTY, k[=oo]n'ti, _n._ the arrowroot plant of Florida.

COOP, k[=oo]p, _n._ a tub, cask, or barrel: a box or cage for fowls or

small animals.--_v.t._ to confine in a coop: to shut up or confine.--_n._

COOP'ER, one who makes tubs, casks, &c.: a mixture of stout and

porter.--_v.t._ to repair (tubs, &c.): to prepare, patch up.--_ns._

COOP'ERAGE, the work or workshop of a cooper: the sum paid for a cooper's

work; COOP'ERING; COOP'ERY, the business of a cooper. [A.S. _cýpe_, a

basket; cf. Ger. _kufe_.]

COOPER, k[=oo]p'[.e]r, _n._ a floating grog-shop.--_v.i._ to supply

fishing-boats at sea with liquor. [See COPER.]

CO-OPERATE, k[=o]-op'[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.i._ to work together.--_n._

CO-OPER[=A]'TION, joint operation; the association of a number of persons

for the cheaper purchasing of goods, or for carrying on some branch of

industry.--_adjs._ CO-OP'ER[=A]TIVE, CO-OP'ERANT, working together.--_n._

CO-OP'ER[=A]TOR.--CO-OPERATING GRACE (_theol._), the R.C., Arminian, and

Socinian doctrine that the human will co-operates with the divine in the

matter of saving grace. [CO-, together, and OPERATE.]

CO-OPT, k[=o]-opt', _v.t._ to elect into any body by the votes of its

members.--_ns._ CO-OPT[=A]'TION, CO-OP'TION.--_adj._ CO-OP'TATIVE. [L.

_coopt[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_co-_, together, _opt[=a]re_, to choose.]

CO-ORDINATE, k[=o]-or'di-n[=a]t, _adj._ holding the same order or

rank.--_v.t._ to make co-ordinate.--_n._ a co-ordinate element: each of a

system of two or more magnitudes used to define the position of a point,

line, or plane, by reference to a fixed system of lines, points, &c.--_n._

CO-OR'DINANCE, a joint ordinance.--_adv._ CO-OR'DINATELY.--_ns._

CO-OR'DINATENESS, the state of being co-ordinate: equality of rank, &c.;

CO-ORDIN[=A]'TION, state of being co-ordinate.--_adj._ CO-OR'DINATIVE,

indicating co-ordination.

COOST, küst, a Scotch form of CAST.

COOT, k[=oo]t, _n._ a short-tailed water-fowl, with a characteristic white

spot--an extension of the bill--on the forehead; hence called _bald_, as in

phrase, 'bald as a coot.' [M. E. _cote_; cf. Dut. _koet_.]

COOT, küt, _n._ (_Scot._) the ankle.--_adj._ COOT'IE, having legs clad with

feathers. [Scot.; cf. Dut. _koot_; Flem. _keute_.]

COP, kop, _n._ a conical ball of thread on a spindle--also COP'PIN:

(_obs._) a top or head of anything.--_adj._ COPPED, rising to a cop or

head. [A.S. _cop_, _copp_.]

COP, kop, _v.t._ (_slang_) to capture.--_ns._ COP, COP'PER (_slang_), a

policeman.

COPAIBA, ko-p[=a]'ba, _n._ a balsam obtained from an American tree, much

used in medicine.--Also COPAI'VA. [Sp.,--Braz.]

COPAL, k[=o]'pal, _n._ a resinous substance used in varnishes. [Sp.,--Mex.

_copalli_, resins generally.]

COPARTNER, k[=o]-pärt'ner, _n._ a joint partner.--_ns._ COPART'NERSHIP,

COPART'NERY, COPAR'CENER, COPAR'CENARY. [L. _co-_, together, and PARTNER.]

COPATAIN, kop'a-t[=a]n, _adj._ (_Shak._) of a hat, high-crowned like a

sugar-loaf.

COPATRIOT. A form of COMPATRIOT.

COPE, k[=o]p, _n._ a covering: a cap or hood: anything spread overhead: a

coping: an ecclesiastical vestment worn over the alb or surplice in

processions, at solemn lauds and vespers, but not by the celebrant at mass,

semicircular, without sleeves and with a hood, fastened across the breast

with a clasp or morse, the straight edge usually ornamented with a broad

orphrey.--_v.t._ to cover with a cope.--_ns._ COPE'-STONE, COP'ING-STONE,

the stone which copes or tops a wall; COP'ING, the covering course of

masonry of a wall. [From root of CAP.]

COPE, k[=o]p, _v.t._ to barter or exchange. [Cf. Dut. _koopen_.]

COPE, k[=o]p, _v.i._ to contend.--_v.t._ to vie with, esp. on equal terms

or successfully: to match.--_n._ COPES'MATE (_Shak._), a companion. [Fr.

_couper_--L. _colaphus_, a blow with the fist.]

COPECK, KOPECK, k[=o]'pek, _n._ a Russian copper coin, worth from ¼ to 1/3

of a penny English. [Russ.]

COPER, k[=o]p'[.e]r, _n._ a ship employed in surreptitiously supplying

strong drink to deep-sea fishermen--often spelt COOPER.--_v.i._ to supply

liquor in such a way. [Dut. _kooper_--_koopen_, to trade; cf. Ger.

_kaufen_, to buy; A.S. _ceápan_.]

COPERNICAN, ko-p[.e]r'ni-kan, _adj._ relating to _Copernicus_, the famous

Prussian astronomer (1473-1543), or to his system.

COPHOSIS, k[=o]-f[=o]'sis, _n._ total deafness. [Gr.,--_k[=o]phos_, deaf.]

COPHOUSE, kop'hows, _n._ a tool-house.

COPIER. See COPY.

COPIOUS, k[=o]'pi-us, _adj._ plentiful: overflowing: not concise.--_adv._

C[=O]'PIOUSLY.--_n._ C[=O]'PIOUSNESS. [L. _copiosus_--_copia_,

plenty--_co-_, inten., and _ops_, _opis_, wealth.]

COPLAND, kop'land, _n._ a piece of ground terminating in a cop or acute

angle.

COPOPSIA, k[=o]-pop'si-a, _n._ fatigue of sight. [Gr. _k[=o]phos_, dull,

_opsis_, sight.]

CO-PORTION, k[=o]-por'shun, _n._ (_Spens._) equal portion or share.

COPOS, kop'os, _n._ a morbid lassitude. [Gr.]

COPPER, kop'[.e]r, _n._ a moderately hard metal of a fine red colour,

perhaps the first metal employed by man: money made of copper--e.g. 'a

copper' = a penny or halfpenny: a vessel made of copper.--_adj._ made of

copper: copper-coloured.--_v.t._ to cover with copper.--_adj._

COPP'ER-BOTT'OMED, having the bottom covered with copper, as a ship--_n._

COPP'ER-CAP'TAIN, one who styles himself captain without grounds.--_adjs._

COPP'ER-FACED, faced with copper, as type; COPP'ER-FAS'TENED, fastened with

copper bolts.--_ns._ COPP'ER-HEAD, a United States snake: (_U.S._) a

northern sympathiser with the South in the Civil War; COPP'ERING, the act

of sheathing with copper: a covering of copper.--_adjs._ COPP'ERISH,

COPP'ERY, C[=U]'PREOUS, containing or like copper.--_ns._ COPP'ER-NICK'EL,

arsenical nickel, niccolite; COPP'ER-NOSE, a red nose caused by

intemperance; COPP'ERPLATE, a plate of polished copper on which something

has been engraved: an impression taken from the plate; COPP'ER-PYR[=I]'TES,

a double sulphide of copper and iron of yellow hue; COPP'ER-SMITH, a smith

who works in copper; COPP'ER-WORK, a place where copper is wrought or

manufactured; COPP'ERWORM, the ship-worm.--HOT COPPERS, parched tongue and

throat after a bout of drinking. [Low L. _cuper_--L. _cuprum_, a contr. of

_cyprium aes_, 'Cyprian brass,' because found in _Cyprus_.]

COPPERAS, kop'[.e]r-as, _n._ sulphate of iron, used in dyeing black, or

making ink. [Fr. _couperose_ (It. _copparosa_)--L. _cupri rosa_, rose of

copper--so Diez.]

COPPICE, kop'is, COPSE, kops, _n._ a wood of small growth for periodical

cutting.--_n._ COPSE'WOOD.--_adj._ COP'SY. [O. Fr. _copeiz_, wood newly

cut--Low L. _colp[=a]re_, to cut--L. _colaphus_, a blow with the fist.]

COPPIN. See COP (1).

COPPLE, kop'l, _n._ (_obs._) a crest on a bird's head.--_n._

COPP'LE-CROWN.--_adj._ COPP'LE-CROWNED.

COPPLE-STONE, an obsolete form of COBBLE-STONE.

COPRA, kop'ra, _n._ the dried kernel of the coco-nut, yielding coco-nut

oil. [Port., from Malay.]

CO-PRESENCE, ko-prez'ens, _n._ presence together.--_adj._ CO-PRES'ENT.

COPROLITE, kop'ro-l[=i]t, _n._ fossilised excrement of animals in

Palæozoic, Mesozoic, and Tertiary strata.--_adj._ COPROLIT'IC. [Gr.

_kopros_, dung, _lithos_, a stone.]

COPROLOGY, kop-rol'oj-i, _n._ the unclean in literature and art. [Gr.

_kopros_, dung, _logia_, discourse.]

COPROPHAGAN, kop-rof'a-gan, _n._ a dung-beetle.--_n._ COPROPH'AGIST, a

dung-eater.--_adj._ COPROPH'AGOUS, dung-eating. [Gr. _kopros_, dung,

_phagein_, to eat.]

COPSEWOOD. See COPPICE.

COPT, kopt, _n._ a Christian descendant of the ancient Egyptians.--_adj._

COP'TIC.--_n._ the language of the Copts. [A corr. of Gr. _Aigyptios_,

Egyptian.]

COPULA, kop'[=u]-la, _n._ that which joins together: a bond or tie:

(_logic_) the word joining the subject and predicate.--_adj._

COP'ULAR.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ COP'UL[=A]TE, to unite in sexual

commerce.--_n._ COPUL[=A]'TION, act of copulating.--_adj._ COP'UL[=A]TIVE,

uniting.--_n._ (_gram._) a conjunction that unites ideas as well as

words.--_adj._ COP'UL[=A]TORY. [L.,--_co-_, together, _ap-[)e]re_, to

join.]

COPY, kop'i, _n._ an imitation from an original pattern, a transcript: that

which is imitated: a specimen of penmanship to be imitated: the original

work from which an imitation or reproduction is made: manuscript for

printing.--_v.t._ to write, paint, &c. after an original: to imitate: to

transcribe:--_pa.p._ cop'ied.--_ns._ COP'IER, COP'YER, one who copies: an

imitator; COP'Y-BOOK, a book in which copies are written or printed for

imitation; COP'YHOLD (_Eng. law_), a species of estate or right of holding

land, for which the owner can only show the copy of the rolls originally

made by the steward of the lord's court; COP'YHOLDER, one who has a tenure

of land by copyhold; COP'YING-PRESS, a machine for copying manuscript

letters by pressure; COP'YISM, the practice of the copyist; COP'YIST, one

whose business is to copy documents; COPY'RIGHT, the exclusive right of an

author or his heirs to multiply copies of a written or printed composition,

or of a work of art (for books in England the term is forty-two years, or

the life of the author and seven years, whichever is longer).--_adj._

protected by copyright.--_v.t._ to secure the copyright of.--A COPY OF

VERSES, a set of verses, esp. a college exercise. [Fr. _copie_, from L.

_copia_, plenty; in Low L. a transcript.]

COQUELICOT, k[=o]k'li-ko, _n._ (_Jane Austen_) a brilliant red, the colour

of the red poppy. [Fr.]

COQUET, COQUETTE, ko-ket', _v.i._ to excite admiration or love.--_v.t._ to

trifle with in love: to flirt with: to dally with:--_pr.p._ coquet'ting;

_pa.p._ coquet'ted.--_ns._ C[=O]'QUETRY, act of coquetting: attempt to

attract admiration, without serious affection: deceit in love: any kind of

prettiness; COQUETTE', a vain woman who seeks admiration from mere vanity:

a flirt.--_adj._ COQUET'TISH, practising coquetry: befitting a

coquette.--_adv._ COQUET'TISHLY.--_n._ COQUET'TISHNESS. [Fr.

_coqueter_--_coquet_, dim. of _coq_, a cock.]

COQUILLA, kok-il'ya, _n._ the nut of a Brazil palm, whose mottled,

dark-brown endosperm is used by button-makers and turners. [Sp.; dim. of

_coca_, shell.]

COQUIMBITE, k[=o]-kim'b[=i]t, _n._ a yellowish hydrous sulphate of

iron--also _white copperas_.

COQUIMBO, k[=o]-kim'b[=o], _n._ the burrowing owl of South America.

COQUITO, k[=o]-k[=e]'t[=o], _n._ a beautiful Chilian palm. [Sp., dim. of

_coco_, coco-nut.]

COR, kor, _n._ a Hebrew measure, the same as the homer, containing 10

ephahs or baths (10 bushels and 3 gallons).

CORACLE, kor'a-kl, _n._ a small oval rowboat used in Wales, made of skins

or oilcloth stretched on wickerwork. [W. _corwgl_--_corwg_, anything round;

Gael. _curach_, a wicker-boat.]

CORACOID, kor'a-koid, _adj._ shaped like a crow's beak.--_n._ (_anat._) an

important paired bone in the breast-girdle, forming along with the scapula

the articulation for the fore-limb, and always lying ventrally. [Gr.

_korax_, _korakos_, a crow, and _eidos_, form.]

CO-RADICATE, k[=o]-rad'i-k[=a]t, _adj._ (_philol._) of the same root.

CORAGE. See COURAGE.

CORAGGIO, kor-adj'o, _interj._ courage! [It.]

CORAL, kor'al, _n._ a hard substance of various colours growing on the

bottom of the sea, composed of the skeletons of zoophytes: a child's toy

made of coral.--_adj._ made of or like coral.--_n._

COR'AL-IS'LAND.--_adjs._ CORALL[=A]'CEOUS, like, or having the qualities

of, coral; CORALLIF'EROUS, containing coral; CORAL'LIFORM, having the form

of coral; CORALLIG'ENOUS, producing coral; COR'ALLINE, of, like, or

containing coral.--_n._ a limy seaweed of a delicate pinkish or purplish

colour, common on British coasts: a coral-like substance.--_n._ COR'ALLITE,

a petrified substance, in the form of coral.--_adjs._ COR'ALLOID, -AL, in

the form of coral: resembling coral.--_ns._ COR'AL-RAG, a limestone rock

formed chiefly of petrified coral found in the oolite system; COR'AL-REEF,

a reef or bank formed by the growth and deposit of coral; COR'AL-SEA, the

part of the Pacific between Australia on the west and the New Hebrides on

the east; COR'AL-SNAKE, a small venomous snake, in the same family as the

cobra; COR'AL-TREE, a small tropical tree or shrub, producing long spikes

of beautiful red flowers resembling coral; COR'AL-WOOD, a hard South

American cabinet-wood, first yellow, then red; COR'AL-WORT, a cruciferous

plant in English woods--called also _Tooth-wort_ or _Tooth-violet_. [O.

Fr.,--L. _coralium_--Gr. _korallion_.]

CORANACH. See CORONACH.

CORANTO, ko-rant'o, _n._ a rapid and lively kind of dance. [Fr.

_courante_--L. _curr[)e]re_, to run.]

CORB, korb, _n._ an iron basket used in raising coal. [L. _corbis_, a

basket.]

CORBAN, kor'ban, _n._ anything devoted to God in fulfilment of a vow. [Heb.

_qorb[=a]n_, an offering, sacrifice.]

CORBE, korb, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as CORBEL.

CORBEAU, kor-b[=o]', _n._ a dark-green colour, almost black. [Fr., 'a

raven.']

CORBEIL, kor'bel, _n._ (_fort._) a basket filled with earth, and set up as

a protection from the fire of the enemy. [Fr. _corbeille_--L. _corbicula_,

dim. of _corbis_, a basket.]

CORBEL, kor'bel, _n._ (_archit._) a projection of stone or wood from the

face of a wall, supporting pillars or other superincumbent weights.--_adj._

COR'BELLED.--_ns._ COR'BELLING; COR'BEL-T[=A]'BLE, a row of corbels and the

parapet or cornice they support. [O. Fr. _corbel_--Low L. _corvellus_, dim.

of _corvus_, a raven.]

CORBICULUM, kor-bik'[=u]-lum, _n._ the flattened hairy outer surface of the

hind-tibia of a bee, used for carrying pollen:--_pl._ CORBIC'ULA.--_adj._

CORBIC'ULATE. [L., dim. of _corbis_, a basket.]

CORBIE, kor'bi, _n._ a raven, crow.--CORBIE MESSENGER (_Scot._), one who

returns too late, or not at all; CORBIE-STEPS, the stepped slopes of

gables--also _Crow-steps_. [O. Fr. _corbin_--L. _corvus_, a crow.]

CORCASS, kor'kas, _n._ a salt-marsh in Ireland. [Ir.]

CORCHORUS, kor'ko-rus, _n._ a genus of tropical plants cultivated for their

fibre, which is the jute of commerce. [Gr.]

CORCLE, kork'l, _n._ the embryo in the seed of a plant.--Also COR'CULE. [L.

_corculum_, dim. of _cor_, heart.]

CORD, kord, _n._ a small rope or thick kind of string: something resembling

a cord, as 'spinal cord,' 'umbilical cord,' &c.: (_fig._) anything that

binds or restrains: a measure of firewood, originally determined by the use

of a cord or string.--_v.t._ to supply with a cord: to bind with a

cord.--_n._ CORD'AGE, a quantity of cords or ropes, as the rigging of a

ship, &c.--_adj._ CORD'ED, fastened with cords: furrowed, as with cords:

(_her._) wound about with cords: piled in 'cords.'--_ns._ CORD'-GRASS, a

genus of grasses of which one species found in muddy salt-marshes is used

for making ropes; CORD'ING, the act of binding: cordage; CORD'ITE, an

approved smokeless gunpowder, so called from its cord-like appearance;

CORD'-WOOD, wood put up in 'cords.' [Fr. _corde_--L. _chorda_. See CHORD.]

CORDELIER, kor-de-l[=e]r', _n._ a Franciscan friar, so named from the

knotted cord worn by him as a girdle: (_pl._) name of a club in the French

Revolution, from its meeting-place being an old convent of the Cordeliers.

[O. Fr. _cordel_, dim. of _corde_, a rope.]

CORDIAL, kor'di-al, _adj._ hearty: with warmth of heart: sincere:

affectionate: reviving the heart or spirits.--_n._ anything which revives

or comforts the heart: a medicine or drink for refreshing the

spirits.--_adjs._ COR'DATE (_bot._), heart-shaped;

COR'DIAL-HEART'ED.--_v.i._ COR'DIALISE, to become cordial, to

fraternise.--_ns._ CORDIAL'ITY, COR'DIALNESS.--_adv._ COR'DIALLY.--_adj._

COR'DIFORM, in the form of a heart. [Fr.,--L. _cor_, _cordis_, the heart.]

CORDILLERA, kor-dil-y[=a]'ra, _n._ a name applied in America to a chain of

mountains, as the Andes and Rocky Mountains. [Sp.,--Old Sp. _cordilla_--L.

_chorda_, cord.]

CORDINER, kor'di-n[.e]r, _n._ Same as CORDWAINER.

CORDON, kor'don, _n._ a cord or ribbon bestowed as a badge of honour:

(_fort._) a row of stones along the line of a rampart: in military

operations, a line of sentries within sight of each other, guarding a place

to prevent the passage of unauthorised persons.--CORDON BLEU, originally

the blue ribbon which in France supported the insignia of the order of the

Holy Ghost--transferred to other first-class distinctions, and playfully to

a first-class cook; CORDON SANITAIRE, a line of sentries to guard a place

infected with contagious disease. [Fr.]

CORDOVAN, kor'do-van, CORDWAIN, kord'w[=a]n, _n._ goatskin leather,

originally from _Cordova_ in Spain.--_ns._ CORD'WAINER, a worker in

cordovan or cordwain: a shoemaker; CORD'WAINERY.

CORDUROY, kor'du-roi, _n._ a ribbed kind of fustian, a cotton stuff made

after the fashion of velvet: (_pl._) trousers made of corduroy.--_adj._

made of corduroy. [Perh. Fr. _corde du roi_, king's cord.]

CORE, k[=o]r, _n._ the heart: the inner part of anything, esp. of

fruit.--_v.t._ to take out the core of fruit.--_adjs._ CORED, having the

core removed; CORE'LESS, without core: pithless: hollow.--_n._ COR'ER, an

instrument for removing the core. [Ety. dub.; perh. conn. with L. _cor_,

the heart.]

CORE, k[=o]r, _n._ a number of people. [See CORPS.]

CO-REGENT, k[=o]-r[=e]'jent, _n._ a joint-regent.

COREGONUS, ko-reg'o-nus, _n._ a genus of fishes in the salmon family, found

esp. near the coast.--_adj._ COREG'ONINE.

CO-RELATION, CO-RELATIVE. See CORRELATE.

CO-RELIGIONIST, k[=o]-re-lij'un-ist, _n._ one of the same religion as

another.

CO-RESPONDENT, k[=o]-re-spond'ent, _n._ (_law_) a man charged with

adultery, and proceeded against along with the wife, who is the

_respondent_.

CORF, korf, _n._ a variant of CORB (q.v.).

CORIACEOUS, k[=o]r-i-[=a]'shus, _adj._ leathery: of or like leather. [L.

_corium_--Gr. _chorion_, skin, leather.]

CORIANDER, k[=o]r-i-an'd[.e]r, _n._ an annual plant, the seeds of which

when fresh have an offensive smell, used as a medicine, spice, &c.--_n._

CORIAN'DER-SEED. [Fr.,--L. _coriandrum_--Gr. _koriannon_.]

CORINTHIAN, kor-inth'i-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Corinth_, a city of

Greece: pertaining to an ornate order of Greek architecture, (_M. Arnold_)

to an over-brilliant literary style: profligate.--_n._ a profligate: a man

of fashion, a 'swell.'--_n._ COR'INTH (_obs._), a brothel, from the

notorious licentiousness of Corinth.--_v.i._ CORINTH'IANISE, to be

licentious.--CORINTHIAN BRASS, BRONZE, an alloy made in Corinth, much

valued in ancient times: assurance or effrontery.

CORIUM, k[=o]'ri-um, _n._ the innermost layer of the skin. [L., a hide.]

CO-RIVAL, CO-RIVALRY, CO-RIVALSHIP. See CORRIVAL.

CORK, kork, _n._ the outer bark of the cork-tree, an oak found in the south

of Europe, &c.: a stopper made of cork: any stopper.--_adj._ made of

cork.--_v.t._ to stop with a cork: to stop up.--_ns._ CORK'AGE, corking or

uncorking of bottles: a charge made by hotel-keepers for uncorking of

bottles when the liquor has not been supplied from the house;

CORK'-CUT'TER, one employed in cutting corks for bottles, &c.: an

instrument used for this.--_adj._ CORKED, stopped by a cork: tainted by the

cork, as wine: blackened by burnt cork.--_ns._ CORK'ER, a finisher:

(_slang_) something conclusive; CORK'ING-PIN, a large pin, probably from

fastening the hair to a pad of cork; CORK'-JACK'ET, a jacket made of or

lined with cork, to aid in swimming; CORK'-LEG, an artificial leg, partly

of cork; CORK'-SCREW, a screw for drawing corks from bottles.--_adj._ like

a cork-screw in shape.--_v.i._ to move in a spiral manner.--_v.t._ to pull

out with difficulty, as a cork: to obtain information from by force or

cunning.--_n._ CORK'-TREE, a species of oak from which cork is

obtained.--_adj._ CORK'Y, of or resembling cork: (_Shak._) withered. [Sp.

_corcho_--L. _cortex_, bark, rind.]

CORM, korm, CORMUS, kor'mus, _n._ sometimes called a _solid bulb_--the

short, bulb-like subterranean stem of many plants--e.g. crocus. [Gr.

_kormos_, the lopped trunk of a tree.]

CORMOPHYTE, kor'm[=o]-f[=i]t, _n._ a plant having a true axis of

growth--also COR'MOGEN.--_adj._ CORMOPHYT'IC.

CORMORANT, kor'mo-rant, _n._ a genus of web-footed sea-birds, of great

voracity: a glutton. [Fr. _cormoran_, from L. _corvus marinus_, the

sea-crow.]

CORN, korn, _n._ a grain or kernel: seeds that grow in ears, as wheat, rye,

&c.: grain of all kinds.--_v.t._ to form into grains; to sprinkle with salt

in grains: to salt.--_ns._ CORN'-BALL (_U.S._), a ball of popped corn,

sweetened, with white of egg; CORN'-BRAND'Y, spirits made from grain;

CORN'-BEE'TLE, a small beetle, the larva of which is very destructive to

grain; CORN'BRASH, a member of the Lower Oolites (see OOLITE); CORN'-CAKE

(_U.S._), a cake made of Indian-corn meal; CORN'-CHAND'LER, a dealer in

corn; CORN'-COB, the elongated, woody receptacle constituting the ear of

maize; CORN'-COCK'LE, a tall beautiful weed, with large purple flowers,

common in corn-fields; CORN'-CRAKE, one of the true rails, with

characteristic cry, frequenting corn-fields.--_adj._ CORNED, granulated;

salted.--_ns._ CORN'-EXCHANGE', a mart where grain is sampled and sold;

CORN'-FAC'TOR, a wholesale dealer in corn; CORN'-FIELD, a field in which

corn is growing; CORN'-FLAG, the popular name of plants of genus

_Gladiolus_; CORN'-FLOUR, the name applied to the finely-ground flour of

maize or Indian corn; CORN'-FLOW'ER, a well-known composite weed of

corn-fields, having a beautiful deep azure flower; CORN'-FLY, CORN'-MOTH,

insects very destructive to corn; CORN'ING-HOUSE, a place where corn is

granulated; CORN'-LAND, ground suitable for growing corn; CORN'-LAW, a law

made for the restriction and regulation of the trade in corn: esp. in _pl._

(in England), laws that restricted the importation of corn by imposing a

duty, repealed in 1846; CORN'-LOFT, a granary; CORN'-MAR'IGOLD, a

chrysanthemum common in corn-fields; CORN'-M[=E]'TER, an official measurer

of corn; CORN'-MILL, a mill for grinding corn; CORN'-PARS'LEY, a European

grain-field flower (_Petroselinum segetum_); CORN'-PIPE, a pipe made by

slitting the joint of a green stalk of corn; CORN'-POPP'Y, the common red

poppy, a troublesome weed growing in corn-fields; CORN'-RENT, a fluctuating

rent paid in corn, not money; CORN'-RIG (_Scot._), a ridge in a corn-field;

CORN'-SAL'AD, a genus of humble annual weeds, found in corn-fields, of

which some are used as spring salads; CORN'STONE, a kind of mottled

limestone, often concretionary, usually occurring in those systems which

are largely composed of reddish sandstones; CORN'-VAN, a machine for

winnowing corn; CORN'-WEEV'IL, a small insect very destructive to stored

grain.--_adj._ CORN'Y, like corn, produced from corn: (_slang_)

tipsy.--CORN-COB PIPE, a tobacco-pipe with the bowl made of the cob of

Indian corn.--CORN IN EGYPT, an expression signifying abundance, in

reference to Gen. xlii. 2. [A.S. _corn_; Goth. _kaurn_; akin to L.

_granum_.]

CORN, korn, _n._ a small hard growth chiefly on the toe or foot, resulting

from an increase of thickness of the cuticle, caused by excessive pressure

or friction on the part.--_adj._ COR'NEOUS, horny.--_n._ CORN'-PLAS'TER, a

remedial plaster applied to a corn.--_adj._ CORN'Y, of or pertaining to

corns: horny.--TREAD ON ONE'S CORNS, to injure one's feelings. [O. Fr.,--L.

_cornu_, a horn.]

CORNAGE, korn'[=a]j, _n._ an ancient tenure of land in the north country,

the tenant being bound to blow a horn in case of a Scottish foray.

CORNEA, kor'ne-a, _n._ the transparent horny membrane which forms the front

covering of the eye.--_adj._ COR'NEAL.

CORNEL, kor'nel, _n._ the cornelian cherry or dogwood, a small tree native

to southern Europe.--Also COR'NEL-TREE, CORN[=E]'LIAN-TREE. [O. Fr.

_cornille_--Low L. _corniola_, _cornolium_--L. _cornus_, cornel.]

CORNELIAN, kor-n[=e]'li-an, _n._ a precious stone, a variety of

chalcedony.--Also CARN[=E]'LIAN (q.v.). [Fr. _cornaline_--L. _cornu_, a

horn.]

CORNER, kor'n[.e]r, _n._ the point where two lines meet: a secret or

confined place: an embarrassing position, difficulty: (_obs._) a point in a

rubber at whist: a free kick given to the opposite side when a player in

football kicks the ball over his own goal-line: an operation by which the

whole of a stock or commodity is bought up, so that speculative sellers are

compelled to buy, to meet their engagements, at the corner-men's own

price.--_v.t._ to supply with corners: to put in a corner: to put in a fix

or difficulty.--_adj._ COR'NERED, having corners: put in a difficult

position.--_n._ COR'NER-STONE, the stone which unites the two walls of a

building at a corner: the principal stone, esp. the corner of the

foundation of a building--hence (_fig._) something of very great

importance.--_n.pl._ COR'NER-TEETH, the lateral incisors of a horse, above

and below.--_adv._ COR'NER-WISE, with the corner in front: diagonally.--CUT

OFF A CORNER, to take a short cut; DONE IN A CORNER, done secretly: DRIVE

INTO A CORNER, to put in a fix: to bring to bay; KEEP A CORNER, to reserve

a place; THE CORNER (_slang_), Tattersall's betting-rooms in London, till

1867 at Hyde Park Corner; TURN THE CORNER, to go round the corner: to get

past a difficulty; WITHIN THE FOUR CORNERS OF, contained in (of a document,

&c.). [O. Fr. _corniere_--L. _cornu_.]

CORNET, kor'net, _n._ a brass treble wind-instrument, with a cup

mouthpiece--also COR'NET-À-PIS'TON, _-ons_: formerly the lowest grade of

commissioned officer in the cavalry--the office was abolished in 1871,

sub-lieutenant being substituted.--_ns._ COR'NETCY, the commission or rank

of a cornet; COR'NETIST, COR'NIST, a solo cornet-player. [Fr. _cornet_,

dim. of _corne_, a horn, trumpet. See CORN, lit. horn.]

CORNICE, kor'nis, _n._ (_classical archit._) the uppermost member of the

entablature, surmounting the frieze: plaster mouldings round the ceiling of

rooms at its junction with the walls.--_v.t._ to furnish with a

cornice.--_p.adj._ COR'NICED.--_ns._ COR'NICE-HOOK, -POLE, -RAIL, a hook,

pole, rail, for hanging pictures, curtains, &c.--_n._ COR'NICE-RING, a ring

or moulding on a cannon next below the muzzle-ring. [Fr.,--It., perh. Gr.

_kor[=o]nis_, a curved line; cf. L. _corona_.]

CORNICULATE, kor-nik'[=u]-l[=a]t, _adj._ horned: shaped like a horn.--_n._

COR'NICLE, a little horn or horn-like process.--_adj._ CORNIF'IC, producing

horn.--_n._ CORNIFIC[=A]'TION.--_adjs._ COR'NIFORM, in the form of a horn;

CORNI'GEROUS, bearing horns. [L. _cornu_, horn, _forma_, form, _ger[)e]re_,

to bear.]

CORNISH, korn'ish, _adj._ pertaining to Cornwall.--_n._ the people or

dialect of Cornwall.--_n._ CORN'ISHMAN.

CORNO, kor'no, _n._ the French horn.--CORNO DI BASSETTO, the basset-horn:

an organ-stop. [It.,--L. _cornu_, a horn.]

CORNOPEAN, kor-n[=o]'pe-an, _n._ Same as CORNET-À-PISTON. [See CORNET.]

CORNU, kor'n[=u], _n._ a horn (a horn-like part or process):--_pl._

COR'NUA.--_adj._ COR'NUAL.--CORNU AMMONIS, the hippocampus major. [L.]

CORNUBIANITE, kor-n[=u]'bi-an-[=i]t, _n._ a dark-blue laminated rock found

in Cornwall with granite.

CORNUCOPIA, kor-n[=u]-k[=o]'pi-a, _n._ the horn of plenty: according to the

fable, the horn of the goat that suckled Jupiter, placed among the stars as

an emblem of plenty.--_adj._ CORNUC[=O]'PIAN, plentiful. [L. _cornu_, and

_copia_, plenty.]

CORNULITES, kor-n[=u]-l[=i]'tez, _n.pl._ a genus of tubicolous annelids.

CORNUTE, kor-n[=u]t', _v.t._ (_obs._) to make a cuckold.--_adjs._ CORNUTE',

-D, having horns.--_n._ CORNUT'O (_obs._), a cuckold. [L. _cornutus_,

horned--_cornu_, horn.]

COROCORE, kor'[=o]-k[=o]r, _n._ a Malay form of boat.

CORODY. See CORRODY.

COROLLA, k[=o]-rol'a, _n._ the inner circle or whorl of the floral

envelopes.--_adjs._ COROLL[=A]'CEOUS; COROLLATE, -D.--_n._ COR'OLLET, a

floret of an aggregate flower.--_adjs._ COROLLIF'EROUS; COROLLI'FLOROUS,

COROLLIFL[=O]'RAL; COROLL'IFORM; COROLL'INE. [L. _corolla_, dim. of

_corona_, a crown.]

COROLLARY, kor-ol'a-ri, or kor'ol-a-ri, _n._ an inference or deduction from

recognised facts: a consequence or result. [L. _corollarium_, a

garland--_corolla_.]

CORONA, ko-r[=o]'na, _n._ (_archit._) the large, flat, projecting member of

a cornice which crowns the entablature: (_bot._) the crown-like appendage

at the top of compound flowers: (_astron._) the luminous circle or halo

which surrounds the moon during a solar total eclipse: (_anat._) a term

used to signify the upper surface of certain parts of the body: a round

pendent chandelier:--_pl._ usually COR[=O]'NÆ.--_n._ COR'ONAL, a crown or

garland: the frontal bone of the skull.--_adjs._ COR'ONAL, COR'ONARY,

pertaining to a crown, or to the top of the head; COR'ON[=A]TE, -D,

crowned, applied to shells with a row of projections round the apex.--_ns._

CORON[=A]'TION, the act of crowning a sovereign; COR[=O]'NIS, a sign (')

marking a crasis, as [Greek: kan] = [Greek: kai an]; COR'ONULE (_bot._), an

appendage like a small crown. [L. _corona_, a crown.]

CORONACH, kor'o-nah, _n._ a funeral dirge or lamentation. [Ir. _coranach_,

Gael. _corranach_.]

CORONER, kor'o-n[.e]r, _n._ an officer whose duty is to hold inquest into

the causes of accidental or suspicious deaths. [Late L. _coronator_--L.

_corona_.]

CORONET, kor'o-net, _n._ a small crown inferior to the sovereign's, worn by

the nobility: an ornamental head-dress: the part of a horse's pastern just

above the coffin--also COR'NET.--_adj._ COR'ONETED. [O. Fr., dim. of

_corone_, crown.]

CORONOID, kor'o-noid, or kor-[=o]'noid, _adj._ (_anat._) resembling the

beak of a crow, as the coronoid process of the lower jaw. [Gr.

_kor[=o]n[=e]_, a crow, _eidos_, form.]

COROZO, kor-[=o]'zo, _n._ a South American tree from whose seed is formed

vegetable ivory.

CORPORAL, kor'po-ral, _n._ in the British army, the grade of

non-commissioned officer next in rank to a sergeant; in the navy, a petty

officer under a master-at-arms.--_n._ COR'PORALSHIP. [Fr. _caporal_--It.

_caporale_--_capo_, the head--L. _caput_, the head.]

CORPORAL, kor'po-ral, _adj._ belonging or relating to the body: having a

body: not spiritual.--_n._ the cloth used in Catholic churches for covering

the elements of the Eucharist--also COR'PORALE, COR'PORAS (_obs._).--_n._

CORPORAL'ITY, state of being corporal--opp. to _Spirituality_.--_adv._

COR'PORALLY.--_adj._ COR'PORATE, legally united into a body so as to act as

an individual: belonging to a corporation: united.--_adv._

COR'PORATELY.--_ns._ COR'PORATENESS; CORPOR[=A]'TION, a body or society

authorised by law to act as one individual: rotundity of figure, a

pot-belly.--_adj._ COR'POR[=A]TIVE.--_n._ COR'POR[=A]TOR, a member of a

corporation.--_adj._ CORP[=O]'REAL, having a body or substance;

material.--_v.i._ and _v.t._ CORP[=O]'REALISE.--_ns._ CORP[=O]'REALISM,

materialism; CORP[=O]'REALIST, a materialist; CORPOREAL'ITY.--_adv._

CORP[=O]'REALLY.--_ns._ CORPOR[=E]'ITY; CORPORIFIC[=A]'TION, act of

corporifying.--_v.t._ CORPOR'IFY, to embody: solidify.--CORPORAL

PUNISHMENT, punishment inflicted on the body, as flogging, &c.--AGGREGATE

CORPORATION, a corporation consisting of several persons; SOLE CORPORATION,

a corporation which consists of one person and his successors. [L.

_corporalis_--_corpus_, _corp[)o]ris_, the body.]

CORPOSANT, kor'po-zant, _n._ St Elmo's fire, a ball of fire sometimes seen

about a ship during a storm. [Port.,--L. _corpus sanctum_, holy body.]

CORPS, k[=o]r, _n._ a division of an army forming a tactical unit--usually

CORPS D'ARMÉE, or _army corps_:--_pl._ CORPS (k[=o]rz).--CORPS DE BALLET,

the company of ballet dancers at a theatre; CORPS DE GARDE, the body of

soldiers stationed on guard, their station, a guard-house; CORPS

DIPLOMATIQUE, the whole diplomatic staff at a particular capital. [Fr.,

from L. _corpus_.]

CORPSE, korps, or kors, _n._ the dead body of a human being.--_ns._

CORPSE'-CAN'DLE, a light seen hovering over a grave--an omen of death;

CORPSE'-GATE, the lichgate (see LICHGATE). [M. E. _corps_, earlier

_cors_--O. Fr. _cors_, the body--L. _corpus_.]

CORPUS, kor'pus, _n._ a body: any special structure or function in the

body; the whole body of literature on any subject.--_ns._ COR'PULENCE,

COR'PULENCY, fleshiness of body; excessive fatness.--_adj._ COR'PULENT,

fleshy or fat.--_adv._ COR'PULENTLY.--_n._ COR'PUSCLE, a minute particle; a

physical atom--also CORPUS'CULE.--_adjs._ CORPUS'CULAR, CORPUSCUL[=A]'RIAN,

pertaining to corpuscles.--_ns._ CORPUSCUL[=A]'RIAN, one who holds the

corpuscular philosophy; CORPUSCULAR'ITY.--CORPUS CHRISTI, the festival in

honour of the Consecrated Host, held on the Thursday after the festival of

the Trinity; CORPUS DELICTI, a criminal law term in Scotland to signify the

body or substance of the crime charged.--CORPUSCULAR THEORY OF LIGHT, or

EMISSION THEORY (see EMIT). [L. _corpus_, the body.]

CORRADIATE, kor-r[=a]d'[=i]-[=a]t, _v.i._ to radiate together.--_n._

CORRADI[=A]'TION.

CORRAL, kor-al', _n._ an enclosure for cattle, &c.--_v.t._ to form such.

[Sp.]

CORRECT, kor-ekt', _v.t._ to make right: to remove faults: to punish: to

counterbalance: to bring into a normal state.--_adj._ made right or

straight: free from faults: true.--_adjs._ CORRECT'ABLE,

CORRECT'IBLE.--_adv._ CORRECT'LY.--_n._ CORREC'TION, amendment: punishment:

bodily chastisement.--_adjs._ CORREC'TIONAL, CORRECT'IVE, tending, or

having the power, to correct.--_ns._ CORREC'TIONER (_Shak._), one who

administers correction; CORRECT'IVE, that which corrects; CORRECT'NESS;

CORRECT'OR, he who, or that which, corrects: a director or

governor.--_adj._ CORRECT'ORY, corrective.--UNDER CORRECTION, subject to

correction--often used as a formal expression of deference to a superior

authority. [L. _corrig[)e]re_, _correctum_--_cor_, inten., _reg[)e]re_, to

rule.]

CORREG'IDOR, ko-rej'i-d[=o]r, _n._ the chief magistrate of a Spanish town.

CORRELATE, kor'e-l[=a]t, _v.i._ to be mutually related, as father and

son.--_n._ CORREL[=A]'TION.--_adj._ CORREL'ATIVE, mutually or reciprocally

related.--_n._ a person or thing correspondingly related to another person

or thing.--_adv._ CORREL'ATIVELY.--_ns._ CORREL'ATIVENESS, CORRELATIV'ITY.

[Coined from L. _cor_, with, and RELATE.]

CORRELIGIONIST. See CO-RELIGIONIST.

CORREPTION, kor-ep'shun, _n._ shortening in pronunciation: (_obs._)

reproof.

CORRESPOND, kor-e-spond', _v.i._ to answer, suit, agree (with _to_,

_with_): to hold intercourse, esp. by sending and receiving letters.--_ns._

CORRESPOND'ENCE, CORRESPOND'ENCY, suitableness, harmony, relation of

agreement: friendly intercourse: communication by means of letters: letters

which pass between correspondents.--_adj._ CORRESPOND'ENT, agreeing with:

suitable.--_n._ one with whom intercourse is kept up by letters: one who

contributes letters to a journal.--_adv._ CORRESPOND'ENTLY.--_adj._

CORRESPOND'ING, correspondent: answering: suiting: carrying on

correspondence by letters.--_adv._ CORRESPOND'INGLY.--_adj._

CORRESPON'SIVE, corresponding: answering.--DOCTRINE OF CORRESPONDENCES, the

theory of Swedenborg that there is a spiritual antitype corresponding to

every natural object, and that Scripture contains the key to these

correspondences. [Coined from L. _cor_, with, and _respond[=e]re_.]

CORRIDOR, kor'i-d[=o]r, _n._ a passage-way or open gallery communicating

with separate chambers.--_n._ CORR'IDOR-TRAIN, a train in which one can

pass along from one carriage to another without having to leave the train.

[Fr.,--It. _corridore_, a runner, a running--It. _correre_, to run--L.

_curr[)e]re_.]

CORRIE, kor'i, _n._ a term applied in Scotland and Ireland to semicircular

recesses or cirques in mountains, generally flanked by steep and lofty

hills. [Gael. _coire_, a cauldron, or large pot.]

CORRIGENDUM, kor-i-jen'dum, _n._ that which requires correction:--_pl._

CORRIGEN'DA, corrections to be made in a book. [L., gerundive of

_corrig[)e]re_, to correct.]

CORRIGENT, kor'i-jent, _adj._ corrective.--_n._ a corrective.

CORRIGIBLE, kor'i-ji-bl, _adj._ that may be corrected: open to

correction.--_n._ CORRIGIBIL'ITY.

CORRIVAL, kor-r[=i]'val, _n._ a fellow-rival: a competitor: an

equal.--_adj._ contending: emulous.--_v.i._ and _v.t._ to rival: to vie

with.--_ns._ CORR[=I]'VALRY; CORR[=I]'VALSHIP. [L. _con_, with, and RIVAL.]

CORROBORATE, kor-ob'o-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to confirm: to make more

certain.--_adjs._ CORROB'ORANT, CORROB'ORATIVE, tending to confirm.--_n._

that which corroborates.--_ns._ CORROBOR[=A]'TION, confirmation;

CORROB'ORATOR.--_adj._ CORROB'ORATORY, corroborative. [L. _cor_, inten.,

and _robor[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to make strong. See ROBUST.]

CORROBOREE, ko-rob'[=o]-ri, _n._ Australian name for a gathering of

aborigines, held on moonlight nights, when they engage in dancing and other

exercises.

CORRODE, kor-[=o]d', _v.t._ to eat away by degrees: to rust.--_v.i._ to be

eaten away.--_adj._ CORROD'ENT, having the power of corroding.--_n._ that

which corrodes.--_ns._ CORRODIBIL'ITY, CORROSIBIL'ITY,

CORR[=O]'SIBLENESS.--_adjs._ CORROD'IBLE, CORROS'IBLE, that may be

corroded.--_n._ CORR[=O]'SION, act of eating or wasting away.--_adj._

CORROS'IVE, having the quality of eating away.--_n._ that which has the

power of corroding.--_adv._ CORROS'IVELY.--_n._ CORROS'IVENESS.--CORROSIVE

SUBLIMATE, the popular name of the highly poisonous bichloride of mercury

(mercuric chloride). [L. _cor_, inten., _rod[)e]re_, _rosum_, to gnaw.]

CORRODY, CORODY, kor'o-di, _n._ an allowance: pension: originally the right

of the lord to claim free lodging from the vassal. [O. Fr. _conroi_.]

CORRUGATE, kor'oo-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to wrinkle or draw into folds.--_p.adjs._

CORR'UGANT; CORR'UGATED.--_ns._ CORRUG[=A]'TION, the act of wrinkling or

being wrinkled: a wrinkle; CORR'UGATOR (_anat._) one of the two muscles

that wrinkle the brow.--CORRUGATED METAL, metal passed between pairs of

rollers with ridged surfaces, the ridges of one fitting into the hollows of

the other, the plates operated on being bent and compressed into the wavy

outline of the rolls. [L. _cor_, inten., _rug[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to

wrinkle--_ruga_, a wrinkle.]

CORRUPT, kor-upt', _v.t._ to make putrid: to defile: to mar: to debase: to

bribe.--_v.i._ to rot: to lose purity.--_adj._ putrid: depraved: defiled:

not genuine: full of errors.--_ns._ CORRUPT'ER; CORRUPTIBIL'ITY,

CORRUPT'IBLENESS.--_adj._ CORRUPT'IBLE, liable to be corrupted.--_adv._

CORRUPT'IBLY.--_ns._ CORRUP'TION, rottenness: putrid matter: impurity:

bribery; CORRUP'TIONIST, one who defends or who practises

corruption.--_adj._ CORRUPT'IVE, having the quality of corrupting.--_adv._

CORRUPT'LY.--_n._ CORRUPT'NESS. [L. _cor_, inten., and _rump[)e]re_,

_ruptum_, to break.]

CORSAGE, kor's[=a]j, _n._ the bodice or waist of a woman's dress. [O.

Fr.,--_cors_--L. _corpus_, the body.]

CORSAIR, kor's[=a]r, _n._ a pirate: a pirate's vessel. [Fr. _corsaire_, one

who makes the course or ranges--L. _cursus_, a running--_curr[)e]re_, to

run.]

CORSE, kors, _n._ a poetic form of CORPSE.

CORSELET. Same as CORSLET.

CORSET, kor'set, _n._ a closely-fitting inner bodice, stiffened with

whalebone, &c., and laced up: stays. [Dim. of O. Fr. _cors_--L. _corpus_,

the body.]

CORSLET, CORSELET, kors'let, _n._ a cuirass, formerly the usual

body-covering of pikemen, chiefly of leather, and pistol-proof.--_p.adj._

CORS'LETED. [Fr. _corselet_, dim. of O. Fr. _cors_--L. _corpus_, the body.]

CORSNED, kors'ned, _n._ a kind of ordeal, wherein the accused was required

to swallow consecrated bread and cheese; if it stuck in his throat he was

pronounced guilty. [A.S. _corsn['æ]d_--_cor_, trial, from _coren_, pa.p. of

_céosan_, to choose, and _sn['æ]d_, a piece, from _snídan_, to cut.]

CORTEGE, kor-t[=a]zh', _n._ a train of attendants: a procession, a funeral

procession. [Fr.,--It. _corteggio_--_corte_, court.]

CORTES, kor'tes, _n._ the parliament of Spain and Portugal. [Sp., pl. of

_corte_, a court.]

CORTEX, kor'teks, _n._ the bark or skin of a plant: a covering.--_adjs._

COR'TICAL, pertaining to the cortex: external; COR'TICATE, -D, furnished

with bark; CORTICIF'[.E]ROUS, producing bark; CORTIC'IFORM, resembling

bark; COR'TICOLE, CORTIC'OLOUS, growing on bark; COR'TICOSE, barky. [L.

_cortex_, _corticis_, bark.]

CORTILE, kor-t[=e]'le, _n._ an enclosed courtyard within a building,

generally roofless. [It.]

CORUNDUM, ko-run'dum, _n._ a mineral consisting of mere alumina, yet of

great specific gravity--about four times that of water--and second in

hardness only to the diamond. [Hind. _kurund_.]

CORUSCATE, kor'us-k[=a]t, _v.i._ to sparkle: to throw off flashes of

light.--_adj._ CORUS'CANT, flashing.--_n._ CORUSC[=A]'TION, a glittering:

sudden flash of light. [L. _corusc[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to vibrate,

glitter.]

CORVÉE, kor-v[=a]', _n._ the obligations on the inhabitants of districts to

perform gratuitous labour (such as the maintenance of roads) for the

sovereign or feudal lord. [Fr.,--Low L. _corrogata_--L.

_corrog[=a]re_--_cor_, together, _reg[=a]re_, to ask.]

CORVET. Same as CURVET.

CORVETTE, kor-vet', _n._ a flush-decked vessel, ship, or barque, rigged,

having only one tier of guns, either on the upper or main deck. [Fr.,--Sp.

_corbeta_--L. _corb[=i]ta_, a slow-sailing ship, from _corbis_, a basket.]

CORVINE, kor'v[=i]n, _adj._ pertaining to the crow.--_n._ COR'VUS, the

typical genus of _Corvinæ_: a hooked ram for destroying walls: a southern

constellation: a grappling-hook in ancient Roman naval warfare. [L.

_corvinus_--_corvus_, a crow.]

CORYBANT, kor'i-bant, _n._ a priest of Cybele, whose rites were accompanied

with noisy music and wild dances:--Eng. _pl._ COR'YBANTS; L. _pl._

CORYBANTES (kor-i-ban't[=e]z).--_adj._ CORYBAN'TIC, wildly excited.--_n._

COR'YBANTISM. [Gr. _korybas_, _korybantos_.]

CORYDALINE, kor'id-a-lin, _n._ an alkaloid obtained from the root of

_Corydalis tuberosa_.

CORYDON, kor'i-don, _n._ generic name for a rustic. [L. and Gr. proper name

applied to a shepherd.]

CORYLUS, kor'i-lus, _n._ a genus of small trees, including the common

hazel. [L.]

CORYMB, kor'imb, _n._ (_bot._) a convex flower-cluster of indefinite

inflorescence.--_adjs._ CORYM'BIATE, -D; CORYMBIF'EROUS; CORYM'BOSE,

CORYM'BOUS, CORYM'BULOUS. [L. _corymbus_--Gr. _korymbos_, a cluster.]

CORYMBUS, ko-rim'bus, _n._ the knot on the top of the head into which girls

gathered their hair. [Gr.]

CORYPHA, kor'i-fa, _n._ a genus of tropical Asian palms with fan-shaped

leaves. [Gr. _koryph[=e]_, the top.]

CORYPHÆUS, kor-i-f[=e]'us, _n._ the chief or leader, esp. the leader of a

chorus.--_n._ CORYPHÉE (kor-i-f[=a]'), the principal _danseuse_ in the

ballet. [L.,--Gr. _koryphaios_--_koryph[=e]_, the head.]

CORYPHENE, kor'i-f[=e]n, _n._ a fish of the genus _Coryphæna_, which

includes the dolphins. [Gr.]

CORYSTES, ko-ris't[=e]z, _n.pl._ a genus of long-armed crabs, of family

_Corystidæ_. [Gr. _korys_, helmet.]

CORYZA, ko-r[=i]'za, _n._ a cold in the head. [L.,--Gr.]

COSAQUE, kos-ak', _n._ a cracker bon-bon.

COSCINOMANCY, kos'i-no-man-si, _n._ an ancient mode of divination by a

sieve and pair of shears. [Gr. _koskinon_, a sieve, _manteia_, divination.]

COSE, k[=o]z, _v.i._ to make one's self cosy.--_adj._ COSH (_Scot._), cosy,

snug. [See COSY.]

COSECANT, k[=o]-s[=e]'kant, _n._ (_trig._) the secant of the complement of

an angle.

COSEISMAL, k[=o]-s[=i]s'mal, _adj._ experiencing an earthquake shock

simultaneously at all points.--Also COSEIS'MIC.

CO-SENTIENT, k[=o]-sen'shi-ent, _adj._ perceiving together.

COSH. See COSE.

COSHER, kosh'[.e]r, _v.t._ to pamper, to coddle.--_v.i._ to chat in a

friendly way.

COSHERY, kosh'[.e]r-i, _n._ the ancient right of an Irish chief to quarter

himself and his retainers on his tenantry--also COSH'ERING.--_v.i._

COSH'ER, to live on dependants.--_n._ COSH'ERER. [Ir. _coisir_, a feast.]

COSIER. Same as COZIER.

CO-SIGNATORY, k[=o]-sig'na-t[=o]-ri, _adj._ uniting with others in signing:

one who does so.--_adj._ CO-SIGNIF'ICATIVE, having the same signification.

COSINAGE, kus'n[=a]j, _n._ collateral relationship.--Also COS'ENAGE.

CO-SINE, k[=o]'-s[=i]n, _n._ the sine of the complement of a given angle

(whose co-sine it is).

COSMETIC, koz-met'ik, _adj._ improving beauty, esp. that of the

complexion.--_n._ a preparation for beautifying the skin and hair.--_adj._

COSMET'ICAL.--_adv._ COSMET'ICALLY.--_v.t._ COSMET'ICISE.--_n._

COSMET'ICISM. [Gr. _kosm[=e]tikos_--_kosmein_--_kosmos_, order.]

COSMIC. See COSMOS.

COSMOGONY, koz-mog'o-ni, _n._ the theory of the origin of the universe and

its inhabitants--also COSMOG'ENY.--_adjs._ COSMOGONET'IC; COSMOG'ONAL,

COSMOGON'IC, -AL, relating to cosmogony.--_n._ COSMOG'ONIST, one who

speculates on the origin of the universe. [Gr. _kosmogonia_--_kosmos_, and

root of _gignesthai_, to be born.]

COSMOGRAPHY, koz-mog'ra-fi, _n._ a description of the world: the science of

the constitution of the universe.--_n._ COSMOG'RAPHER.--_adjs._

COSMOGRAPH'IC, -AL. [Gr.,--_kosmos_, and _graphein_, to write.]

COSMOLOGY, koz-mol'o-ji, _n._ the science of the universe as a whole: a

treatise on the structure and parts of the system of creation.--_adj._

COSMOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ COSMOL'OGIST, one versed in cosmology.--_adj._

COSMOPLAS'TIC, moulding the universe. [Gr. _kosmos_, and _logia_,

discourse.]

COSMOPOLITAN, koz-mo-pol'i-tan, _n._ a citizen of the world: one free from

local or national prejudices--also COSMOP'OLITE.--_adj._ belonging to all

parts of the world: unprejudiced.--_ns._ COSMOPOL'ITANISM, COSMOP'OLITISM,

COSMOPOL'ICY (_Shelley_).--_adjs._ COSMOPOL'ITIC, -POLIT'ICAL. [Gr.

_kosmopolit[=e]s_--_kosmos_, and _polit[=e]s_, a citizen--_polis_, a city.]

COSMORAMA, koz-mo-rä'ma, _n._ a view, or a series of views, of different

parts of the world.--_adj._ COSMORAM'IC. [Gr. _kosmos_, and _horama_, a

spectacle.]

COSMOS, koz'mos, _n._ the world as an orderly or systematic whole--opp. to

_Chaos_: order.--_adjs._ COS'MIC, relating to the cosmos: orderly;

COS'MICAL, cosmic: (_astron._) happening at sunrise: rising with the

sun.--_adv._ COS'MICALLY.--_ns._ COS'MISM, the notion of the cosmos as a

self-existing whole; COS'MIST, a secularist; COS'MOCRAT, ruler of the

world.--_adj._ COSMOCRAT'IC.--_ns._ COS'MOLABE, a kind of astrolabe--also

_Pantocosm_; COSMOL'ATRY, worship paid to the world; COSMOM'ETRY, the art

of measuring the world; COS'MOSPHERE, an apparatus for showing the position

of the earth at any given time with reference to the fixed stars;

COSMOTH[=E]'ISM, the belief that identifies God with the cosmos:

pantheism.--_adjs._ COSMOTHET'IC, -AL, assuming an external world. [Gr.]

CO-SPHERED, k[=o]-sf[=e]rd', _adj._ being in the same sphere.

COSS, kos, _n._ a measure of distance in India, averaging about 1¾ mile.

[Hindi _k[=o]s_--Sans. _kroça_, a call.]

COSSACK, kos'ak, _n._ one of a people in south-eastern Russia, forming

splendid light cavalry. [Turk.]

COSSAS, kos'az, _n.pl._ plain muslins. [East Ind.]

COSSET, kos'set, _n._ a lamb reared in the house without a dam: a

pet.--_v.t._ to fondle. [Ety. dub.]

COST, kost, _v.t._ to bring a certain price: to require to be laid out or

suffered:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ cost.--_n._ what is laid out or suffered to

obtain anything: (_pl._) expenses of a lawsuit.--_adj._ COST'-FREE, free of

charge.--_n._ COST'LINESS.--_adv._ COST'LY, of great cost: high-priced:

valuable.--COST PRICE, the price which the merchant pays.--PRIME COST, the

price of production, without regard to profit. [O. Fr. _couster_ (Fr.

_coûter_)--L. _const[=a]re_, to stand at.]

COSTAL, kos'tal, _adj._ relating to the ribs, or to the side of the

body.--_adjs._ COS'T[=A]TE, -D, ribbed: having the appearance of ribs. [L.

_costa_, a rib.]

COSTARD, kos'tard, _n._ a large kind of apple: the human head

(contemptuously).--_ns._ COS'TARDMONGER, COS'TER, COS'TERMONGER, a seller

of apples and other fruit: an itinerant seller of fruit: a term of abuse.

[Perh. from L. _costa_, a rib.]

COSTEAN, kos-t[=e]n', _v.i._ to try to find a lode by sinking pits down to

bed-rock.--_ns._ COST'-BOOK, a book containing the names and shares of the

joint adventurers in a mine; COSTEAN'ING; COSTEAN'-PIT. [Corn. _cothas_,

dropped, _stean_, tin.]

COSTIVE, kos'tiv, _adj._ having the motion of the bowels too slow:

constipated.--_adv._ COS'TIVELY.--_n._ COS'TIVENESS, slowness in the action

of the bowels. [Fr. _constipé_. See CONSTIPATE.]

COSTMARY, kost'm[=a]r-i, _n._ a herbaceous perennial composite of southern

Europe, introduced from Italy in 1568, and cultivated in gardens for the

fragrance of the leaves. [L. _costum_--Gr. _kostos_, an Oriental aromatic

plant, and _Maria_, the Virgin Mary.]

COSTREL, kos'trel, _n._ a kind of bottle with ears, to be hung at the

waist. [O. Fr. _costerel_.]

COSTUME, kos-t[=u]m', or kos't[=u]m, _n._ the manner of dressing prevalent

at a particular period or place: dress, esp. a woman's dress.--_v.t._ to

dress.--_p.adj._ COSTUMED'.--_ns._ COSTUM'ER, COSTUM'IER, one who makes or

deals in costumes. [Fr.,--It.,--Low L. _costuma_--L. _consuetudo_, custom.]

CO-SUPREME, k[=o]-s[=u]-pr[=e]m', _n._ (_obs._) a sharer with another in

supremacy.

CO-SURETY, k[=o]-sh[=oo]r'ti, _n._ one who is surety along with others.

COSY, COZY, k[=o]'zi, _adj._ (_Scot._) snug: comfortable.--_n._ a covering

used for a teapot, to keep the tea warm--also TEA'-C[=O]'SY.--_adv._

C[=O]'SILY. [Ety. dub.]

COT, kot, _n._ a small dwelling, a cottage.--_ns._ COT'-FOLK (_Scot._),

cottars; COT'-HOUSE, a house occupied by a cottar; COT'-LAND, land

belonging to a cottage; COT'-QUEAN (_Shak._), a man who busies himself with

women's affairs.--_adj._ COT'TED, lined with cots.--_n._ COT'-TOWN, a

number of cot-houses. [A.S. _cot_; cf. Ice. _kot_, Dut. _kot_.]

COT, kot, _n._ a small bed: a swinging bed of canvas, suspended from the

beams of a ship, for the officers: a bed for a child, a crib.

[Anglo-Ind.--Hind. _kh[=a]t_.]

COT, kot, _n._ a small boat. [Ir.]

CO-TANGENT, k[=o]-tan'jent, _n._ the tangent of the complement of an angle.

COTE, k[=o]t, _n._ a cot: a place for animals, as _dove-cote_ or

_dove-cot_, _sheep-cote_. [A.S. _cote_. Cf. COT (1).]

COTE, k[=o]t, _v.t._ to pass by: to outstrip, leave behind. [Der. obscure;

perh. conn. with COAST.]

COTEMPORANEOUS, -TEMPORARY. Same as CONTEMPORANEOUS, -TEMPORARY.

CO-TENANT, k[=o]-ten'ant, _n._ one who is a tenant along with

another.--_n._ CO-TEN'ANCY.

COTERIE, k[=o]'te-r[=e], _n._ a number of persons meeting familiarly for

social, literary, or other purposes. [Fr.; orig. a number of peasants

obtaining a joint tenure of land from a lord--Low L. _cota_, a hut. See

COT.]

COTERMINOUS. Same as CONTERMINOUS.

COTHURN, k[=o]'thurn, COTHURNUS, k[=o]-thur'nus, _n._ a buskin or high boot

laced in front, worn in tragic performances. [L. _cothurnus_--Gr.

_kothornos_.]

COTICULAR, ko-tik'[=u]-lar, _adj._ pertaining to whetstones. [L.]

CO-TIDAL, k[=o]-t[=i]d'al, _adj._ noting an equality in the tides, applied

to lines on a chart or map passing through places that have high tide at

the same time.

COTILLION, ko-til'yun, COTILLON, ko-ti'yong, _n._ a brisk dance by eight

persons. [Fr.,--_cotte_, a coat--Low L. _cotta_, a tunic. See COAT.]

COTINGA, k[=o]-ting'ga, _n._ a genus of passerine birds of bright plumage,

represented by six species in central and in tropical South America.

[Native name.]

COTISE, COTTISE, k[=o]'tis, _n._ (_her._) one of the diminutives of the

bend (q.v.).--_v.t._ to border a bend, &c., with cotises, barrulets, &c.

[Fr. _cotice_; origin obscure.]

COTONEASTER, k[=o]-t[=o]-ni-as't[.e]r, _n._ a genus of shrubs or small

trees, closely allied to the hawthorn and medlar. [Formed from L.

_cotonea_, quince.]

COTSWOLD, kots'wold, _n._ a breed of sheep.--COTSWOLD LIONS, sheep.

COTTA, kot'a, _n._ a surplice. [Low L. _cotta_.]

COTTABUS, kot'a-bus, _n._ an amusement in ancient Greece among young men,

consisting in throwing wine into a vessel, success at which betokened

fortune in love. [L.,--Gr. _kottabos_.]

COTTAGE, kot'[=a]j, _n._ a small dwelling-house, esp. of labourers, varying

greatly in size, appearance, and comfort: a country residence.--_adj._

COTT'AGED, covered with cottages.--_n._ COTT'AGER, one who dwells in a

cottage, esp. of labourers.--COTTAGE ALLOTMENTS, pieces of land allotted to

cottagers to be cultivated as gardens; COTTAGE PIANO, a small upright

piano. [See COT.]

COTTAR, COTTER, kot'[.e]r, _n._ (_Scot._) a peasant occupying a cot or

cottage for which he has to give labour.--_ns._ COTT'IER, a cottar: an

Irish tenant; COTT'IERISM, the cottier system of land tenure.

COTTER, kot'[.e]r, _n._ a pin or wedge for fastening and tightening.

[Origin obscure.]

COTTON, kot'n, _n._ a soft substance like fine wool, got from the pods of

the cotton-plant: cloth made of cotton.--_adj._ made of cotton.--_v.t._ to

provide with cotton.--_v.i._ to agree: to be attached to (the connection of

the intransitive meanings is unknown).--_ns._ COTTONADE', a name given to

an inferior kind of cotton cloth; COTT'ON-GIN, a machine for separating the

seeds from the fibre of cotton; COTT'ON-GRASS, a genus of _Cyperaceæ_ in

which the _perigone_ or covering of united bracts, which in this order

enclose the ripening ovary, is developed into long, silky, or cottony

hairs; COTTONOC'RACY, the cotton planting or the cotton manufacturing

interest; COTT'ON-PLANT, one of various plants of the genus _Gossypium_,

natural order _Malvaceæ_, yielding the textile substance cotton;

COTT'ON-PRESS, a press for compressing cotton into bales; COTT'ON-SEED, the

seed of the cotton-plant, yielding a valuable oil; COTT'ON-SPIN'NER, one

who spins cotton, or employs those who do; COTT'ON-TAIL, the ordinary

United States rabbit; COTT'ON-THIS'TLE, a strong thistle covered with a

cottony down; COTT'ON-TREE, the American cotton-wood: the Indian _Bombax

malabaricum_; COTT'ON-WEED, cudweed or everlasting; COTT'ON-WOOD, any one

of several American species of poplar; COTT'ON-WOOL, cotton in its raw or

woolly state.--_adj._ COTT'ONY, like cotton: soft: downy. [Fr. _coton_--Ar.

_qutun_.]

COTYLE, kot'i-l[=e], _n._ an ancient Greek drinking-cup: (_zool._) a

cup-like cavity:--_pl._ COT'YLÆ, or COT'YLES.--_adj._ COTYL'IFORM. [Gr.]

COTYLEDON, kot-i-l[=e]'don, _n._ (_bot._) the term applied to the

seed-leaves of the embryo: the seed-leaf.--_adjs._ COTYL[=E]'DONARY;

COTYL[=E]'DONOUS, pertaining to or having cotyledons or seed-lobes;

COT'YLOID, cup-shaped. [L.,--Gr. _kotyl[=e]d[=o]n_--_kotyl[=e]_, a cup.]

COUCAL, k[=oo]'kal, _n._ a genus of common bush-birds in Africa and India.

COUCH, kowch, _v.t._ to lay down on a bed, &c.: to lower: to level: to

arrange in language, to express: to depress or remove a cataract in the

eye.--_v.i._ to lie down for the purpose of sleep, concealment, &c.: to

bend or stoop in reverence.--_n._ any place for rest or sleep: a bed: the

lair of a wild beast.--_adj._ COUCH'ANT, couching or lying down: (_her._)

of a beast lying down with his head up.--_ns._ COUCH'-FELL'OW, COUCH'-MATE,

a bed-fellow; COUCHING.--COUCH A SPEAR, to fix it in its rest at the side

of the armour. [Fr. _coucher_, to lie down--L. _colloc[=a]re_, to

place--_com_, together, _locus_, a place.]

COUCH, kowch, COUCH-GRASS, kowch'-gras, _n._ a grass of the same genus with

wheat, but a widespread and troublesome weed. [A variant of QUITCH.]

COUCHEE, k[=oo]'sh[=a], _n._ an evening party or reception. [Fr. _couché_.

See COUCH.]

COUGAR, k[=oo]'gar, _n._ an American animal, same as the puma. [Fr.

_couguar_, from native name.]

COUGH, kof, _n._ an effort of the lungs to throw off injurious matter,

accompanied by a harsh sound, proceeding from the throat.--_v.i._ to make

this effort.--_v.t._ to expel from the throat or lungs by a cough.--_ns._

COUGH'-DROP, -LOZ'ENGE, a sweetmeat taken to cure coughing; COUGH'ER;

COUGH'ING,--COUGH DOWN, to drown a speaker's voice by coughing, so that he

must stop. [M. E. _coughen_; cf. Dut. _kuchen_, Ger. _keuchen_, _keichen_,

to gasp.]

COULD, kood, _pa.t._ of CAN. [M. E. _coude_, _couth_--A.S. _cúðe_ for

_cunðe_, was able; _l_ is inserted from the influence of _would_ and

_should_.]

COULÉE, k[=oo]-l[=a]', or k[=oo]'li, _n._ a ravine, esp. one worn out by

water. [Fr.,--_couler_, to flow.]

COULEUR, kool'[=a]r, _n._ French word for COLOUR.--_n._ COUL'EUR-DE-ROSE',

rose colour.--_adv._ in a favourable light: fanciful.

COULISSE, k[=oo]-lis', _n._ a piece of grooved wood, as the slides in which

the side-scenes of a theatre run--hence, the side-scene of a theatre.

[Fr.,--_couler_, to glide, to flow--L. _col[=a]re_, to flow.]

COULOIR, kool-wär, _n._ a gully filled with snow. [Fr.]

COULOMB, koo-lom', _n._ the unit of quantity in measuring current

electricity: the quantity furnished by a current of one ampere in one

second. [From the French physicist, C. A. de _Coulomb_ (1736-1806).]

COULTER. See COLTER.

COUMARINE, koo'ma-rin, _n._ a crystalline compound obtained in Tonka beans,

&c.--also CU'MARIN.--_adjs._ COU'MARIC, COUMARIL'IC.

COUNCIL, kown'sil, _n._ an assembly called together for deliberation or

advice: the body of men constituting such an assembly: the body of men

directing the affairs of the city: an assembly of ecclesiastics met to

regulate doctrine or discipline (_diocesan_, _provincial_, _national_,

_general_, or _oecumenical_).--_ns._ COUN'CIL-BOARD, the board or table

round which a council meets for deliberation: the council itself;

COUN'CIL-CHAM'BER, the room where a council is held; COUN'CILLOR, a member

of a council, esp. of a common council; COUN'CIL-MAN, a member of a

municipal council.--COUNCIL OF WAR, a conference of military or naval

officers called to meet and consult with the commander.--GENERAL COUNCIL,

one called by an invitation to the church at large, also OECUMENICAL, if

received by the Catholic Church in general--as the first seven,

325-787.--IN COUNCIL, in the council-chamber: in giving

advice.--PRIVY-COUNCIL (see PRIVY). [Fr. _concile_--L. _concilium_.]

COUNSEL, kown'sel, _n._ consultation: deliberation: advice: plan: purpose:

one who gives counsel, a barrister or advocate.--_v.t._ to give advice: to

warn:--_pr.p._ coun'selling; _pa.p._ coun'selled.--_n._ COUN'SEL-KEEP'ER

(_Shak._), one who can keep counsel or a secret.--_adjs._ COUN'SEL-KEEP'ING

(_Shak._), keeping counsel or secrets; COUN'SELLABLE, that may be

counselled.--_ns._ COUN'SELLOR, one who counsels: a barrister;

COUN'SELLORSHIP.--COUNSEL OF PERFECTION, a declaration of our Lord's, not

absolutely imperative, but commended as the means of reaching greater

perfection; KEEP COUNSEL, to keep a secret; KING'S COUNSEL (K.C.), a

barrister-at-law appointed by letters-patent--the office is honorary, but

gives the right of precedence in all the courts. [Fr. _conseil_--L.

_consilium_, advice--_consul[)e]re_, to consult.]

COUNT, kownt, _n._ on the Continent, a title of nobility equal in rank to

an English earl:--_fem._ COUNT'ESS, the wife of a count or earl (fem. of

_earl_).--_ns._ COUNT'SHIP, a count's dignity or domain (also used as a

title); COUN'TY, a portion of a country separated for the administration of

justice: a shire; COUN'TY-FAM'ILY, a family of the nobility or gentry

(COUN'TY-PEOPLE), with estates and a seat in the county. [O. Fr.

_conte_--L. _comes_, _comitis_, a companion, _con_, with, _[=i]re_, _itum_,

to go.]

COUNT, kownt, _v.t._ to number, sum up: to ascribe: esteem:

consider.--_v.i._ to add to or increase a number by being counted to it: to

depend.--_n._ act of numbering: the number counted: a particular charge in

an indictment.--_adj._ COUNT'ABLE, capable of being counted.--_ns._

COUNT'ER, he who or that which counts: that which indicates a number: a

piece of metal, &c., used in reckoning: a table on which money is counted

or goods laid; COUNT'ING-HOUSE, COUNT'ING-ROOM, the house or room in which

merchants keep their accounts and transact business.--_adj._ COUNT'LESS,

that cannot be counted: innumerable.--_n._ COUNT'-WHEEL, a wheel with

notched edge controlling the stroke of a clock in sounding the hours. [O.

Fr. _cunter_ (Fr. _compter_)--L. _comput[=a]re_.]

COUNTENANCE, kown'ten-ans, _n._ the face: the expression of the face:

appearance.--_v.t._ to favour or approve.--_n._ COUN'TENANCER.--CHANGE

COUNTENANCE, to change the expression of the face; HIS COUNTENANCE FELL, he

became dejected or angry; IN COUNTENANCE, unabashed--opp. to _Out of

countenance_. [O. Fr. _contenance_--L. _continentia_, restraint,

demeanour--L. _contin[=e]re_, to contain.]

COUNTER, kown't[.e]r, _adv._ against: in opposition.--_adj._ contrary:

opposite.--_n._ that which is counter of opposite: (_mus._) the voice-part

set in immediate contrast with the air: (_fencing_) a parry in which one

foil follows the other in a small circle: the part of a horse's breast

between the shoulders and under the neck: (_naut._) the part of a ship

between the water-line and the knuckle of the stern.--_v.t._ COUNTERACT',

to act counter or in opposition to: to hinder or defeat.--_n._

COUNTERAC'TION.--_adj._ COUNTERACT'IVE, tending to counteract.--_n._ one

who or that which counteracts.--_adv._ COUNTERACT'IVELY.--_ns._

COUN'TER-AG'ENT, anything which counteracts; COUN'TER-APPROACH', a work

thrown up outside a besieged place to command or check the approaches of

the besieger; COUN'TER-ATTRAC'TION, attraction in an opposite

direction.--_adj._ COUN'TER-ATTRACT'IVE, attracting in an opposite

direction.--_v.t._ COUNTERBAL'ANCE, to balance by weight on the opposite

side: to act against with equal weight, power, or influence.--_ns._

COUN'TERBALANCE, an equal weight, power, or agency working in opposition;

COUN'TERBASE (see CONTRABASS); COUN'TER-BATT'ERY (_mil._), a battery

erected to oppose another; COUN'TER-BLAST, something done in opposition to

another thing; COUN'TER-BOND, a bond to protect from contingent loss one

who has given bond for another.--_v.t._ COUN'TER-BRACE (_naut._), to brace

or fasten (the head-yards and after-yards) in opposite ways.--_n._ the

lee-brace of the fore-topsail-yard.--_n._ COUN'TERBUFF, a stroke that stops

motion or causes a recoil.--_v.t._ to drive back by such.--_ns._

COUN'TER-CAST (_Spens._), a contrary cast, counterplot, trick;

COUN'TER-CAST'ER (_Shak._), one who casts accounts: a book-keeper--used in

contempt; COUN'TER-CHANGE, (_Shak._), exchange, reciprocation.--_p.adj._

COUN'TERCHANGED', exchanged: (_her._) intermixed or set one against the

other, as the colours of the field and charge.--_n._ COUN'TER-CHARGE, a

charge brought forward in opposition to another charge.--_v.t._

COUN'TERCHARM, to destroy or dissolve the effects of another charm.--_n._

that which destroys the effects of another charm.--_v.t._ COUN'TER-CHECK,

to check by some obstacle: to rebuke.--_ns._ COUNTER-CHECK', a check in

opposition to another: a rebuke; COUNTER-CLAIM, kown't[.e]r-kl[=a]m, _n._ a

cross-demand brought forward as a partial or complete set-off against

another claim.; COUN'TER-CURR'ENT, a current flowing in an opposite

direction; COUN'TER-DRAIN, a drain alongside a canal, &c., to carry off

water oozing out.--_v.t._ COUN'TERDRAW, to trace on oiled paper or other

transparent material.--_ns._ COUN'TER-EV'IDENCE, evidence brought forward

in opposition to other evidence; COUN'TERFOIL, the corresponding part of a

bank cheque, &c., retained by the giver; COUN'TER-FORCE, an opposing force;

COUN'TER-FORT (_fort._), a buttress, or arch behind the revetments or

retaining walls of the ditches of permanent fortifications; COUN'TER-GAUGE,

an adjustable scribing gauge for marking the measurements of a mortise on a

piece to be tenoned; COUN'TER-GUARD (_fort._), an outwork consisting of two

lines of rampart running parallel to the faces of the bastion, to guard the

bastion from being breached; COUN'TER-IN'FLUENCE, an opposing influence;

COUN'TER-IRR'ITANT, an agent or substance applied to the skin so as to

redden, to vesicate, or to produce pustules, &c.; COUN'TER-IRRIT[=A]'TION,

an artificial irritation produced in one part of the body to act in

opposition to and remove already existing irritation; COUN'TERLIGHT

(_paint._), a light opposite to any object, disturbing the effect of its

light.--_v.i._ COUN'TERMARCH, to march back or in a direction contrary to a

former one.--_n._ a marching backward or in a direction different from a

former one: (_mil._) an evolution by which a body of men change front, and

still retain the same men in the front rank: change of measures.--_n._

COUN'TERMARK, an additional mark put on a bale of goods belonging to

several merchants, so that it may not be opened except in the presence of

all the owners: a mark put on standard metal by the London Goldsmiths'

Company in addition to the artificer's: an artificial cavity made in the

teeth of horses to disguise their age.--_v.t._ COUN'TERMINE, to make a mine

in opposition to: to oppose by means of a countermine: (_fig._) to

frustrate by secret working:--_pr.p._ countermin'ing; _pa.p._

countermined'.--_ns._ COUN'TER-MINE (_mil._), a mine or chamber excavated

by the besieged to counteract or destroy the mines made by the besiegers:

(_fig._) any means of counteraction; COUN'TER-M[=O]'TION, an opposite

motion; COUN'TER-MOVE, -MOVE'MENT, a contrary move, movement.--_v.t._

COUN'TERMURE, to fortify a wall with another wall.--_ns._

COUN'TER-[=O]'PENING, an aperture or vent on the opposite side, or in a

different place; COUN'TER-PACE, a step in opposition to another, a contrary

measure.--_adj._ COUN'TER-PALED (_her._), divided equally, as an

escutcheon, first palewise, then by a line fesswise, with two tinctures

countercharged.--_ns._ COUN'TER-PAROLE', a word in addition to the

password; COUN'TERPART, the part that answers to another part: that which

fits into or completes another, having the qualities which another lacks,

and so an opposite.--_adj._ COUN'TER-PASS'ANT (_her._), denoting two

animals in a coat of arms represented as passing each other the contrary

way.--_n._ COUN'TERPLEA, a replication to a plea or request.--_v.t._

COUNTERPLEAD', to plead the contrary of; COUN'TERPLOT', to plot against in

order to frustrate another plot:--_pr.p._ counterplot'ting; _pa.p._

counterplot'ted.--_n._ a plot or stratagem opposed to another plot.--_v.t._

COUN'TERPOISE, to poise or weigh against or on the opposite side: to act in

opposition to with equal effect.--_n._ an equally heavy weight in the other

scale--(_Spens._) COUN'TERPOYS.--_ns._ COUN'TER-POIS'ON, a poison used as

the antidote of another; COUN'TER-PRES'SURE, opposing pressure;

COUN'TER-PROOF, an inverted impression obtained from a newly printed proof

of an engraving, by laying it, while the ink is still wet, upon plain

paper, and passing it through the press; COUN'TER-REVOL[=U]'TION, a

subsequent revolution counteracting the effect of a previous;

COUN'TER-ROLL, a copy of the rolls relating to appeals, inquests, &c.,

serving as a check on another's roll; COUN'TER-ROUND, a body of officers

which goes to inspect the rounds.--_adj._ COUN'TERS[=A]'LIENT (_her._),

salient in opposite directions.--_n._ COUN'TERSCARP (_fort._), the side of

the ditch nearest to the besiegers and opposite to the scarp.--_v.t._

COUNTERSEAL' (_Shak._), to seal along with others.--_ns._

COUN'TER-SECUR'ITY, security given to one who has become surety for

another; COUN'TER-SENSE, an interpretation contrary to the real

sense.--_v.t._ COUNTERSIGN', to sign on the opposite side of a writing: to

sign in addition to the signature of a superior, to attest the authenticity

of a writing.--_ns._ COUN'TERSIGN, a military private sign or word, which

must be given in order to pass a sentry: a counter-signature;

COUN'TER-SIG'NAL, a signal used as an answer [Illustration] to another;

COUN'TER-SIG'NATURE, a name countersigned to a writing.--_v.t._

COUN'TERSINK, to bevel the edge of a hole, as for the head of a screw-nail

(_a_ _a_ in fig.)--it is usually done by a COUNTERSINK-BIT (_b_ in fig.) in

a brace.--_ns._ COUN'TER-STAND, opposition, resistance;

COUN'TER-STATE'MENT, a statement in opposition to another statement;

COUN'TER-STROKE (_Spens._), a stroke given in return for another stroke;

COUN'TER-TAL'LY, a tally serving as a check to another; COUN'TER-TEN'OR,

name applied to alto when sung by a male voice (so called because a

contrast to tenor); COUN'TER-TIME, the resistance of a horse that

interrupts his cadence and the measure of his manège: resistance,

opposition; COUN'TERTURN, a turn in a play different from what was

expected.--_v.t._ COUNTERVAIL', to be of avail against: to act against with

equal effect: to be of equal value to: to compensate [COUNTER and

AVAIL].--_n._ COUN'TER-VIEW, an opposing view: a posture in which two

persons face each other: opposition: contrast.--_v.t._ COUN'TER-VOTE, to

vote in opposition to; COUN'TER-WEIGH, to weigh against,

counterbalance.--_ns._ COUN'TER-WEIGHT, a weight in an opposite

scale.--_v.i._ COUN'TER-WHEEL, to wheel in an opposite direction.--_n._

COUN'TER-WORK, a work raised in opposition to another.--_v.t._ to work in

opposition to.--_p.adj._ COUN'TER-WROUGHT. [Fr.,--L. _contra_, against.]

COUNTER, kown't[.e]r, _n._ (_Spens._) encounter.--_v.t._ to encounter: to

contradict.

COUNTERFEIT, kown't[.e]r-fit, -f[=e]t, _v.t._ to imitate: to copy without

authority: to forge.--_n._ something false or copied, or that pretends to

be true and original.--_adj._ pretended: made in imitation of: forged:

false.--_n._ COUN'TERFEITER, one who counterfeits.--_adv._ COUN'TERFEITLY,

in a counterfeit manner: falsely.--_n._ COUN'TER-FES'ANCE (_Spens._), act

of counterfeiting: forgery. [O. Fr. _contrefet_, from _contrefaire_, to

imitate--L. _contra_, against, _fac[)e]re_, to do.]

COUNTERMAND, kown-t[.e]r-mand', _v.t._ to give a command in opposition to

one already given: to revoke.--_n._ a revocation of a former order.--_adj._

COUNTERMAND'ABLE. [O. Fr. _contremander_--L. _contra_, against, and

_mand[=a]re_, to order.]

COUNTERPANE, kown't[.e]r-p[=a]n, _n._ a coverlet for a bed, stitched or

woven in squares.--Older form COUN'TERPOINT. [A corr. of O. Fr.

_contrepointe_, which is a corr. of _coultepointe_--L. _culcita puncta_, a

stitched pillow or cover. See QUILT.]

COUNTERPOINT, kown't[.e]r-point, _n._ (_mus._) the art of combining

melodies: the setting of a harmony of one or more parts to a melody: the

art of composition.--_adj._ CONTRAPUNT'AL.--_n._ CONTRAPUNT'IST.

[Fr.,--_contre_, against, _point_, a point.]

COUNTRY, kun'tri, _n._ a rural region as distinct from a town: a tract of

land: the land in which one was born, or in which one resides.--_adj._

belonging to the country: rustic: rude.--_p.adj._ COUN'TRIFIED.--_v.t._

COUN'TRIFY, to make rustic.--_ns._ COUN'TRY-BOX, a country-house;

COUN'TRY-DANCE, a dance practised by country people: a dance in which an

indefinite number of couples can take part, the gentlemen being arranged at

the commencement on one side, and the ladies on the other.--_n.pl._

COUN'TRY-FOLK, the inhabitants of the country.--_ns._ COUN'TRY-HOUSE,

-SEAT, the residence of a country gentleman; COUN'TRYMAN, one who lives in

the country: a farmer: one born in the same country with another;

COUN'TRY-SIDE, a district or part of the country; COUN'TRY-WOMAN, a woman

who dwells in the country: a woman born in the same country.--COUNTRY

COUSIN, a relative from the country, unaccustomed to town sights or

manners; COUNTRY GENTLEMAN, a landed proprietor who resides on his estate

in the country; COUNTRY TOWN, a small town in a rural district, depending

on the agricultural industry of the surrounding country.--GO TO THE

COUNTRY, in parliamentary usage, to appeal to the feeling of the community

by a general election. [O. Fr., _contrée_--Low L. _contrata_, _contrada_,

an extension of L. _contra_, over against.]

COUNTY. See COUNT (1).

COUP, k[=oo], _n._ a blow, stroke, a successful hit: (_billiards_) the act

of putting a ball in a pocket without having hit another ball.--COUP

D'ÉTAT, a sudden or violent stroke of state policy, as that by which Louis

Napoleon subverted the constitution (Dec. 2, 1851); COUP DE GRÂCE, the

finishing blow by which a tortured man is put out of pain, any decisive

stroke generally; COUP DE MAIN, a sudden and overpowering attack; COUP DE

MAÎTRE, a master-stroke; COUP DE THÉÂTRE, a sudden and sensational turn in

a piece: COUP D'OEIL, a general view of a scene or subject taken in at a

glance. [Fr.,--L.,--_colaphos_, a blow.]

COUP, kowp, _v.t._ to exchange or barter.--_n._ COUP'ER, a dealer. [Scot.,

from Ice., _kaupa_, to buy.]

COUP, kowp, _v.t._ to overturn. [Scot.; perh. originally the same word as

COPE.]

COUPÉ, k[=oo]-p[=a], _n._ the front part of a French stagecoach: a

four-wheeled carriage seated for two inside, with a separate seat for the

driver: the front compartment of a railway carriage.--_adj._ COUPED

(_her._), cut evenly off, as the head or limb of an animal. [Fr. _couper_,

to cut.]

COUPEE, koo-p[=e]', _n._ in dancing, a salute to a partner, while resting

on one foot and swinging the other backward or forward. [Fr.,--_couper_, to

cut.]

COUPLE, kup'l, _n._ that which joins two things together: two of a kind

joined together, or connected: two: one pair at a dance: a pair: esp. of

married or betrothed persons: (_statics_) a pair of equal forces acting on

the same body in opposite and parallel directions.--_v.t._ to join

together.--_v.i._ to pair sexually.--_ns._ COUP'LEMENT, union: a couple;

COUP'LER, one who or that which couples or unites; COUP'LET, two lines of

verse that rhyme with each other; COUP'LING, that which connects, an

appliance for transmitting motion in machinery; COUP'LING-BOX, the box or

ring of metal connecting the contiguous ends of two lengths of shafts;

COUP'LING-PIN, a pin or bolt used in coupling machinery.--_adj._

WELL-COUPLED, of a horse, well formed at the part where the back joins the

rump. [O. Fr. _cople_--L. _copula_.]

COUPON, k[=oo]'pong, _n._ a billet, check, or other slip of paper cut off

from its counterpart: one of a series of tickets which are vouchers that

certain payments will be made or services be performed, at various times or

places, in consideration of money paid: a dividend or interest warrant

presented for payment by holders of debentures. [Fr.,--_couper_, to cut

off.]

COUPURE, koo-p[=u]r', _n._ an entrenchment made by the besieged behind a

breach: a passage cut to facilitate sallies. [Fr.,--_couper_, to cut.]

COURAGE, kur'[=a]j, _n._ the quality that enables men to meet dangers

without fear: bravery: spirit.--_interj._ take courage!--_adj._

COUR[=A]'GEOUS, full of courage: brave.--_adv._ COUR[=A]'GEOUSLY.--_n._

COUR[=A]'GEOUSNESS.--DUTCH COURAGE, a fictitious courage induced by

drinking; PLUCK UP ONE'S COURAGE, to nerve one's self to something daring;

THE COURAGE OF ONE'S CONVICTIONS, courage to act up to or consistently with

one's opinions. [O. Fr. _corage_ (Fr. _courage_), from L. _cor_, the

heart.]

COURANT, k[=oo]-ränt', _adj._ (_her._) in a running attitude.--_ns._

COURANTE', COURANT', an old dance with a kind of gliding step. [See

CURRENT.]

COURAP, koo-rap', _n._ an itching skin disease, common in India, with

eruptions on face, breast, groin, &c.

COURB, k[=oo]rb, _v.i._ (_Shak._) to bend, stoop to supplicate.--_adj._

(_Shak._) bent. [Fr.,--L. _curv[=a]re_, to bend.]

COURBARIL, koor'ba-ril, _n._ gum animé.

COURBETTE. Same as CURVET. [Fr.,--It. _corvetta_.]

COURE, obsolete form of COWER.

COURIER, k[=oo]'ri-[.e]r, _n._ a runner: a messenger: a state messenger: a

travelling attendant: a frequent title of newspapers. [Fr.,--L.

_curr[)e]re_, to run.]

COURSE, k[=o]rs, _n._ the act of running: the road or tract on which one

runs: the direction pursued: a voyage: a race: regular progress from point

to point: habitual method of procedure: a prescribed series, as of

lectures, &c.: each of the successive divisions of a meal, as dinner:

conduct: a range of bricks or stones on the same level in building:

(_naut._) one of the sails bent to a ship's lower yards, as the main-sail,

called the _main-course_, the fore-sail or _fore-course_, and the

cross-jack or _mizzen-course_: (_pl._) the menses.--_v.t._ to run, chase,

or hunt after.--_v.i._ to move with speed, as in a race or hunt.--_ns._

COURS'ER, a runner: a swift horse: one who courses or hunts; COURS'ING,

hunting with greyhounds; COURS'ING-JOINT, a joint between two courses of

masonry.--IN COURSE, in regular order: (_coll._) of course; OF COURSE, by

natural consequence, or by settled rule. [Fr. _cours_--L. _cursus_, from

_curr[)e]re_, _cursum_, to run.]

COURT, k[=o]rt, _n._ a space enclosed: a space surrounded by houses: the

palace of a sovereign: the body of persons who form his suite or council:

attention: civility, as 'to pay court:' (_law_) the hall of justice; the

judges and officials who preside there: any body of persons assembled to

decide causes, whether civil, military, or ecclesiastical.--_v.t._ to pay

attentions to: to woo: to solicit: to seek.--_ns._ COURT'-BAR'ON, the

assembly of freehold tenants of a manor under a lord; COURT'-CARD (see

COAT-CARD); COURT'-CUP'BOARD (_Shak._), a movable cupboard or sideboard on

which plate was displayed; COURT'-DAY, a day on which a judicial court

sits; COURT'-DRESS, the special regulation costume worn on state or

ceremonious occasions; COURT'-DRESS'ER, a flatterer.--_adj._ COURTEOUS

(kurt'yus), of court-like manners: polite: respectful: obliging.--_adv._

COURTEOUSLY (kurt'-).--_ns._ COURTEOUSNESS, (kurt'-); COURT'-FOOL, a fool

or jester, formerly kept at court for amusement; COURT'-GUIDE, a guide to,

or directory of, the names and residences of the nobility in a town;

COURT'-HAND, a modification of the Norman handwriting, as distinguished

from the modern or Italian handwriting, in use in the English law-courts

from the 16th century to the reign of George II.; COURT'-HOUSE, a building

where the law-courts are held; COURT'IER, one who frequents courts or

palaces: one who courts or flatters; COURT'IERISM, the behaviour or

practices of a courtier.--_adv._ COURT'IERLY.--_ns._ COURT'ING, paying

addresses to a woman, wooing; (_Spens._) attendance at court; COURT'-LEET,

a court of record held in a manor before the lord or his steward;

COURT'LET, a petty court.--_adj._ COURT'-LIKE, courtly: polite.--_ns._

COURT'LINESS; COURT'LING, a hanger-on at court.--_adj._ COURT'LY, having

manners like those at a court: elegant.--_ns._ COURT'-MAR'TIAL, a court

held by officers of the army or navy for the trial of offences against

military or naval laws:--_pl._ COURTS'-MAR'TIAL; one improvised in time of

war round an upturned drum for summary judgment is a DRUMHEAD

COURT-MARTIAL; COURT'-PLAS'TER, sticking-plaster made of silk, originally

applied as patches on the face by ladies at court; COURT'-ROLL, the record

of a court of justice; COURT'SHIP, courtly behaviour: the act of wooing

with intention to marry; COURT'-SWORD, a light dress-sword worn as part of

court-dress; COURT'YARD, a court or enclosed ground before a house.--COURT

HOLY WATER, empty compliments: (_obs._) flattery. [O. Fr. _cort_ (Fr.

_cour_)--Low L. _cortis_, a courtyard--L. _cors_, _cohors_, an enclosure;

akin to Gr. _chortos_, an enclosed place, L. _hortus_, a garden. See YARD.]

COURTESAN, -ZAN, k[=o]rt'e-zan, or kurt'e-zan, _n._ a court-mistress: a

woman of the town, a whore. [Fr.,--It. _cortigiana_.]

COURTESY, kort'e-si, or kurt'e-si, _n._ courtliness: elegance of manner: an

act of civility or respect: a curtsy: (_law_) the life interest which the

surviving husband has in the real or heritable estate of his wife.--_v.i._

to make a curtsy.--_pr.p._ court'esying; _pa.p._ court'esied.--_n.pl._

COURT'ESY-T[=I]'TLES, titles really invalid, but allowed by the usage of

society--as to children of peers. [O. Fr. _courtoisie_.]

COUSCOUS, kus'kus, _n._ an African dish of granulated flour steamed over

broth. [Ar. _kuskus_.]

COUSIN, kuz'n, _n._ formerly a kinsman generally; now, the son or daughter

of an uncle or aunt: a term used by a sovereign in addressing another, or

to one of his own noblemen: something kindred or related to another.--_ns._

COUS'IN-GER'MAN, a first cousin: something closely related; COUS'INHOOD,

COUS'INSHIP.--_adj._ COUS'INLY, like, or having the relation of, a

cousin.--_n._ COUS'INRY, cousins collectively.--FIRST COUSINS, children of

brothers and sisters--also called _Cousins-german_, _Full cousins_; FIRST

COUSIN ONCE REMOVED, the son or daughter of a cousin-german--sometimes

loosely called _Second cousin_; SECOND COUSINS, the children of first

cousins. [Fr.,--L. _consobrinus_--_con_, sig. connection, and _sobrinus_

for _sororinus_, applied to the children of sisters--_soror_, a sister.]

COUTEAU, koo-t[=o]', _n._ a large knife.--COUTEAU DE CHASSE, a

hunting-knife. [Fr.]

COUTER, k[=oo]'t[.e]r, _n._ (_slang_) a sovereign. [Said to be from Gipsy

_cuta_, a gold piece.]

COUTH, k[=oo]th (_Spens._), obsolete _pa.t._ of CAN. [See COULD.]

COUTHIE, k[=oo]th'i, _adj._ friendly, kindly. [Scot.]

COUVADE, k[=oo]-väd', _n._ a custom among savages in many parts of the

world for the father to take to his bed at the birth of a child, and submit

to certain restrictions of food, &c. [Erroneously attributed to the

Basques; the O. Fr. _couvade_, from _couver_, to hatch, never having had

this special meaning.]

COVE, k[=o]v, _n._ a small inlet of the sea: a bay: a cavern or rocky

recess: (_archit._) a concave arch or vault.--_v.t._ to overarch, and thus

form a hollow.--_adj._ COVED, formed with an arch.--_n._ COVE'LET, a small

cove. [A.S. _cófa_, a room; Ice. _kofi_, Ger. _koben_.]

COVE, k[=o]v, _n._ (_slang_) a fellow, a customer:--_fem._ COV'ESS--_dim._

COV'EY. [Prob. conn. with CHAP.]

COVEN, k[=o]v'en, _n._ a muster of witches.--_n._ COV'ENTREE, a point of

muster before a Scottish mansion.

COVENANT, kuv'e-nant, _n._ a mutual agreement: the writing containing the

agreement: an engagement entered into between God and a person or a

people--the _Old Covenant_, the Jewish dispensation; the _New Covenant_,

the new relation to God opened up by Jesus Christ.--_v.i._ to enter into an

agreement: to contract or bargain.--_n._ COV'ENANT-BREAK'ER, one who

violates a covenant.--_adj._ COV'ENANTED, holding a position under a

covenant or contract.--_ns._ COVENANTEE', the person to whom a covenant is

made; COV'ENANTER (usually in Scot. COVENANT'ER), one who signed or adhered

to the _Scottish National Covenant_ of 1638--the _Solemn League and

Covenant_ of 1643 was in effect an international treaty between Scotland

and England for securing civil and religious liberty; COV'ENANTOR, that

party to a covenant who subjects himself to the penalty of its

breach.--COVENANT OF GRACE, REDEMPTION, that by which life is freely

offered to sinners on condition of faith in Christ; COVENANT OF WORKS, that

made with Adam as federal representative of the human race on condition of

obedience. [O. Fr.,--L. _con_, together, and _ven[=i]re_, to come.]

COVENT, kov'ent, _n._ (_Shak._) a convent.

COVENTRY, kuv'ent-ri, _n._--in phrase, TO SEND TO COVENTRY = to shut a man

out of any special society.

COVER, kuv'[.e]r, _v.t._ to hide: to clothe: to extend over: to brood or

sit on: to be sufficient for: to protect: to table a coin of equal value in

wagering: to copulate with--esp. of a stallion: to screen: to aim directly

at.--_v.i._ to spread over so as to conceal something: to lay a table for a

meal: to put one's hat on.--_n._ that which protects: undergrowth, thicket,

concealing game, &c.: the table requisites for one person--plate, knife,

fork, napkin, &c.: deceitfulness: a swindler's confederate.--_adj._

COV'ERED, intended or used for shelter or concealment: roofed over: with

the hat on.--_ns._ COVER'ED-WAY; COV'ERT-WAY (_fort._), a path about thirty

feet wide outside the ditch of a fort, and so far sunk below the crest of

the glacis as to afford cover or shelter to the soldiers; COVER'ING,

anything that covers.--_adj._ COV'ERT, covered: concealed: secret.--_n._ a

place that covers or affords protection.--_ns._ COV'ERT-COAT, a short light

overcoat; COV'ERT-COAT'ING, cloth for such.--_adv._ COV'ERTLY, in a covered

or concealed manner.--_n._ COV'ERTURE, covering, shelter: (_law_) the

condition of a married woman as legally under the protection of her

husband.--COVER INTO, to transfer into; COVER SHORTS, to buy in such stocks

as have been sold short, in order to meet one's engagements, &c.; COVER THE

BUCKLE, to execute a difficult step in dancing. [Fr. _couvrir_ (It.

_coprire_)--L. _co-oper[=i]re_--_con_, and _oper[=i]re_, to cover.]

COVERLET, kuv'[.e]r-let, _n._ a bedcover.--Also COV'ERLID. [Fr.

_couvrelit_, _couvre_, _lit_--L. _lectum_, a bed.]

COVET, kuv'et, _v.t._ to desire or wish for eagerly: to wish for what is

unlawful.--_v.i._ to desire (with _for_).--_adjs._ COV'ETABLE;

COV'ETED.--_adv._ COV'ETINGLY.--_ns._ COV'ETISE (_obs._), covetousness:

ardent desire; COV'ETIVENESS (_obs._), acquisitiveness.--_adj._ COV'ETOUS,

inordinately desirous: avaricious.--_adv._ COV'ETOUSLY.--_n._

COV'ETOUSNESS. [O. Fr. _coveiter_ (Fr. _convoiter_)--L.

_cupiditat-em_--_cup[)e]re_, to desire.]

COVEY, kuv'i, _n._ a brood or hatch of partridges: a small flock of

birds--said of game: a party, a set. [O. Fr. _covée_--L. _cub[=a]re_, to

lie down.]

COVIN, kuv'in, _n._ a compact: a conspiracy.--_adjs._ COV'INOUS, COV'ENOUS,

deceitful. [O. Fr. _covin_--Late L. _convenium_--L. _convena_, a

meeting--_con_, together, _ven[=i]re_, to come.]

COVING, k[=o]'ving, _n._ the projection of upper stories over lower: the

vertical sides connecting the jambs with the breast of a fireplace. [See

COVE.]

COW, kow, _n._ the female of the bovine animals: the female of certain

other animals, as the elephant, &c.--older plurals, _Kine_ and _Kye_, the

latter now only Scotch.--_ns._ COW'-BANE, the water-hemlock, often

destructive to cattle; COW'-BERR'Y, the red whortleberry; COW'-BIRD,

-BUNT'ING, an American starling which accompanies cattle, and drops its

eggs into other birds' nests; COW'-BOY, a boy who has the care of cows:

(_U.S._) a man who has the charge of cattle on a ranch; COW'-CALF, a female

calf; COW'-CATCH'ER (_U.S._), an apparatus on the front of railway engines

to throw off obstacles; COW'-CHER'VIL, -PARS'LEY, -WEED, an umbelliferous

European plant of the hedges and woods; COW'FEEDER, a dairyman, cowherd;

COW'-GRASS, the zigzag clover: a variety of red clover; COW'-HEEL, an

ox-foot stewed to a jelly; COW'HERD, one who herds cows; COW'HIDE, the hide

of a cow: the hide of a cow made into leather: a coarse whip made of

twisted strips of cowhide.--_v.t._ to whip with a cowhide.--_n._

COW'-HOUSE, a place in which cows are stalled, a byre.--_adj._ COW'ISH,

like a cow: (_Shak._) cowardly.--_ns._ COW'-LEECH, a cow-doctor; COW'LICK,

a tuft of turned-up hair on the forehead; COW'-PARS'NIP, an umbelliferous

plant, used as food for hogs and cattle; COW'-PLANT, a perennial plant of

Ceylon, with a milky juice; COW'-POX, a disease which appears in pimples on

the teats of the cow, the matter thereof used for vaccination; COW'-TREE, a

South American tree that produces a nourishing fluid resembling milk;

COW'-WHEAT, a genus of annual plants, with yellow flowers and seeds

somewhat like grains of wheat. [A.S. _cú_, pl. _cý_; Ger. _kuh_; Sans.

_go_.]

COW, kow, _v.t._ to subdue: keep under: to dishearten.--_adjs._ COWED,

depressed; COW'ISH (_Shak._), easily cowed, timorous: mean. [Perh. from

Ice. _kúga_; Dan. _kue_, to subdue.]

COWAN, kow'an, _n._ (_Scot._) a mason who never served an apprenticeship:

one who tries to enter a mason's lodge, or the like, surreptitiously.

COWARD, kow'ard, _n._ a faint-hearted person: one without courage.--_v.t._

to intimidate.--_adjs._ COW'ARD, COW'ARDLY, afraid of danger: timid:

mean.--_ns._ COW'ARDICE, want of courage: timidity.--COW'ARDREE (_Spens._);

COW'ARDLINESS.--_adv._ COW'ARDLY.--_n._ COW'ARDSHIP (_Shak._), the quality

of being a coward. [O. Fr. _couard_ (It. _codardo_)--L. _cauda_, a tail.]

COWDIE-GUM, -PINE; COWRIE-PINE. See KAURI.

COWER, kow'er, _v.i._ to sink down through fear, &c.: to crouch, for

protection or in fear.--_adv._ COW'ERINGLY. [Cf. Ice. _kúra_, Dan. _kure_,

to lie quiet.]

COWHAGE, kow'[=a]j, _n._ the hairs of the pods of a tropical climbing plant

of the bean family, administered as a mechanical vermifuge, the pods

themselves or the plant. [Hind. _kaw[=a]nch_, _ko[=a]nch_.]

COWL, kowl, _n._ a cap or hood: a monk's hood: the badge of monkhood: a

monk: a cover for a chimney.--_v.t._ to make a monk of: to cover like a

cowl.--_adj._ COWLED, wearing a cowl. [A.S. _cufle_; Ice. _cofl_; akin to

L. _cucullus_, hood.]

COWL-STAFF, kowl'-staf, _n._ (_Shak._) a staff or pole on which a basket or

vessel is supported between two persons. [O. Fr. _cuvele_--L. _cupella_,

dim. of _cupa_, a cask, and staff.]

COWRIE, COWRY, kow'ri, _n._ a large genus of Gasteropods, including over a

hundred species, some of which are familiar as decorative objects, and as a

medium of exchange with uncivilised peoples. [Hindi _kaur[=i]_.]

COWSLIP, kow'slip, _n._ a beautiful and fragrant species of primrose,

common in English pastures.--_adj._ COW'SLIP'D, covered with cowslips.

[A.S. _cú_, cow, _slyppe_, perh. cow-dung.]

COXCOMB, koks'k[=o]m, _n._ a strip of red cloth notched like a cock's comb,

which professional fools used to wear: a fool: a fop.--_adjs._

COXCOM'BICAL, COXCOM'ICAL, foppish: vain.--_n._ COXCOMBICAL'ITY.--_adv._

COXCOM'BICALLY.--_n._ COX'COMBRY, the manner of a coxcomb. [COCKSCOMB.]

COXINESS, koks'i-nes, _n._ state of being cocksy, bumptiousness.

COXSWAIN, COCKSWAIN, kok'sw[=a]n, or kok'sn, _n._ a seaman who steers a

boat, and under the superior officer takes charge of it. [COCK, a boat, and

SWAIN.]

COY, koy, _adj._ modest: bashful: shy.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to caress:

(_Shak._) to disdain.--_adj._ COY'ISH, somewhat coy.--_adv._

COY'ISHLY.--_n._ COY'ISHNESS.--_adv._ COY'LY.--_n._ COY'NESS. [Fr.

_coi_--L. _quietus_, quiet.]

COYOTE, ko-y[=o]t'e, _n._ a prairie wolf, abundant in Mexico and Texas.

[Mex. _coyotl_.]

COYPU, koi'p[=oo], _n._ a large rodent in the porcupine section of the

order, common in South America--living in burrows near water, feeding on

aquatic plants. [Native name.]

COYSTREL, COYSTRIL. Same as COISTRIL.

COZ, kuz, _n._ a contraction of COUSIN.

COZE, k[=o]z, _n._ (_Jane Austen_) a cosy chat.

COZEN, kuz'n, _v.t._ to flatter: to cheat.--_ns._ COZ'ENAGE, the practice

of cheating: deceit; COZ'ENER. [Perh. from Fr. _cousiner_, to claim kindred

for one's own advantage, play the parasite--_cousin_, a cousin.]

COZIER, COSIER, k[=o]'zi-[.e]r, _n._ a cobbler. [O. Fr. _cousere_--L.

_consu[)e]re_, to sew together.]

COZY. See COSY.

CRAB, krab, _n._ a popular name applied to any of the short-tailed division

of decapod crustaceans: a sign in the zodiac: a portable winch: a

sour-tempered person: the lowest throw at hazard--two aces.--_adj._

CRABB'ED, ill-natured: harsh: rough: difficult, perplexing.--_adv._

CRABB'EDLY.--_n._ CRABB'EDNESS.--_adj._ CRAB'-FACED, having a sour, peevish

countenance.--_n._ CRAB'ITE, a fossil crab or crayfish.--_adj._ CRAB'-LIKE,

moving like a crab.--_n._ CRAB'-LOUSE, a crab-shaped louse infesting the

hair of the pubis, &c.--_n.pl._ CRAB'S'-EYES, the scarlet seeds of an East

Indian bead-tree: a concretion of carbonate of lime in the stomach of the

cray-fish.--_v.i._ CRAB'-S[=I]'DLE, to go sideways like a crab.--_n.pl._

CRAB'-YAWS, a name applied to the tumours of framboesia on the soles and

palms.--CATCH A CRAB, in rowing, to sink the oar too deeply in the water:

to miss the water altogether in making the stroke. [A.S. _crabba_; Ger.

_krabbe_.]

CRAB, krab, CRAB-APPLE, krab'-ap-l, _n._ a wild bitter apple.--_ns._

CRAB'-STICK, a stick made out of the crab-tree; CRAB'-TREE, the tree that

bears crab-apples.--_adj._ like a crab-tree, crooked. [Perh. conn. with

CRABBED.]

CRAB-OIL, CRAB-WOOD. See CARAPA.

CRABRO, kr[=a]'br[=o], _n._ the typical genus of _Crabronidæ_, a family of

fossorial hymenopters: a hornet. [L.]

CRACK, krak, _v.i._ to utter a sharp sudden sound: to split: to boast: to

chat.--_v.t._ to produce a sudden noise: to break into chinks: to split: to

break partially or wholly: to open (a bottle).--_n._ a sudden sharp

splitting sound: a chink: a flaw: a blow, a smack: friendly chat: (_slang_)

housebreaking: a craze: one who has a craze: a pert boy.--_adj._ (_coll._)

excellent.--_n._ CRACK'-BRAIN, a crazy person.--_adjs._ CRACK'-BRAINED;

CRACKED, rent: damaged: crazy.--_ns._ CRACK'ER, one who or that which

cracks: a boaster, a lie: the pin-tail duck: (_U.S._) a thin crisp biscuit:

a bonbon, or a small firework, exploding when pulled asunder: (_U.S._) a

poor white; CRACK'-HALT'ER, CRACK'-HEMP (_Shak._), CRACK'-ROPE, one likely

to be hanged.--_adj._ CRACK'-JAW, of a word, hard to pronounce.--_ns._

CRACKS'MAN, a burglar; CRACK'-TRYST, one who breaks an engagement.--CRACK

CREDIT, to destroy one's credit; CRACK TRYST, to break an engagement; CRACK

UP, to praise. [A.S. _cracian_, to crack; cf. Dut. _kraken_, Gael. _crac_.]

CRACK, krak, _n._ (_Scot._) a moment, an instant.

CRACKLE, krak'l, _v.i._ to give out slight but frequent cracks.--_n._ the

giving out of slight cracks.--_ns._ CRACK'LIN, a kind of china-ware,

purposely cracked in the kiln as an ornament; CRACK'LING, the rind of roast

pork: (_pl._) skinny parts of suet without tallow: three stripes of velvet

worn on the sleeves of students at St John's College, Cambridge.--_adj._

CRACK'LY, brittle.--_n._ CRACK'NEL, a light, brittle biscuit: (_pl._)

pieces of fat pork fried crisp.

CRACOVIAN, kra-k[=o]'vi-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Cracow_.--_ns._

CRACOVIENNE', a graceful Polish dance, resembling the mazourka: the music

for such; CRAC'OWE, a long-toed boot fashionable under Richard II.

CRADLE, kr[=a]'dl, _n._ a bed or crib in which children are rocked:

(_fig._) infancy: the place where one is born and brought up: a frame in

which anything is imbedded: a case for a broken limb: a frame under a ship

for launching it: a box on rockers for washing auriferous dirt.--_v.t._ to

lay or rock in a cradle: to nurture.--_adj._ CR[=A]'DLED, laid in a

cradle.--_ns._ CR[=A]'DLE-SCYTHE, a broad scythe used in a cradle for

cutting grain; CR[=A]'DLE-WALK, an avenue arched over with trees;

CR[=A]'DLING.--FROM THE CRADLE, from birth, from the first. [A.S. _cradol_;

ety. obscure.]

CRAFT, kraft, _n._ cunning: artifice: dexterity: art: trade: occupation:

small ships.--_v.i._ to exercise one's craft (_Shak._, _Cor._, IV. vi.

118).--_adv._ CRAFT'ILY.--_n._ CRAFT'INESS.--_adj._ CRAFT'LESS, free from

craft.--_ns._ CRAFTS'MAN, one engaged in a craft; CRAFTS'MANSHIP,

CRAFT'MANSHIP; CRAFTS'MASTER, one skilled in a craft.--_adj._ CRAFT'Y,

having skill: cunning: deceitful. [A.S. _cræft_; Ger. _kraft_, power.]

CRAG, krag, _n._ a rough steep rock or point: (_geol._) a bed of gravel

mixed with shells.--_adjs._ CRAG'GED, CRAG'GY, full of crags or broken

rocks: rough: rugged.--_ns._ CRAG'GEDNESS, CRAG'GINESS; CRAGS'MAN, one

skilled in climbing rocks. [W. _craig_, a rock, _car-eg_, a stone; Gael.

_creag_, _carraig_.]

CRAG, CRAGGE, krag, _n._ the neck.--Scotch forms, CRAIG, CRAIG'IE. [Cf.

Dut. _kraag_, Ger. _kragen_, the neck.]

CRAKE, kr[=a]k, _v.i._ to utter a cry like a crow, &c.--_n._ CRAKE'-BERR'Y,

the crow-berry.

CRAKE, kr[=a]k, _n._ a crow, raven, corncrake: (_obs._) a boast. [See

CORNCRAKE.]

CRAM, kram, _v.t._ to press close: to stuff: to fill to superfluity:

(_slang_) to make believe false or exaggerated tales: to teach for a

special examination, only giving instruction useful for passing that

examination.--_v.i._ to eat greedily: to get up a subject by cram:--_pr.p._

cram'ming; _pa.p._ crammed.--_n._ a crush: (_slang_) a lie: information

that has been crammed: the system of cramming.--_adjs._ CRAM'-FULL;

CRAM'MABLE; CRAMMED.--_n._ CRAM'MER, one who prepares students for

examination by cramming them. [A.S. _crammian_; Ice. _kremja_, to squeeze;

Dan. _kramme_, to crumple.]

CRAMBO, kram'bo, _n._ a game in which one gives a word to which another

finds a rhyme: rime.--_ns._ CRAM'BOCLINK, -JINGLE, riming. [Prob. from L.

_crambe repetita_, cabbage served up again.]

CRAMBUS, kram'bus, _n._ a genus of pyralid moths, the veneers or

grass-moths--family _Crambidæ_, subfamily _Crambinæ_. [Gr. _krambos_, dry.]

CRAME, kr[=a]m, _n._ (_Scot._) a booth for selling goods.

CRAMOISY, kram'oiz-i, CRAMESY, kram'ez-i, _adj._ and _n._ crimson. [See

CRIMSON.]

CRAMP, kramp, _n._ an involuntary and painful contraction of a voluntary

muscle or group of muscles: restraint: a piece of iron bent at the ends,

for holding together wood, stone, &c.: a tool used by carpenters and

others, having a movable part which can be screwed tight so as to press

things together.--_adj._ hard to make out (used of handwriting): cramped:

narrow.--_v.t._ to affect with spasms: to confine: to hinder: to fasten

with a cramp-iron.--_ns._ CRAMP'BARK, the popular American name of the

medicinal _Viburnum Oxycoccus_; CRAMP'-BONE, the patella of the sheep, an

old charm for cramp; CRAMP'-FISH, the electric ray or torpedo;

CRAMP'-[=I]'RON, a piece of metal bent at both ends for binding things

together; CRAMP'ON, a grappling-iron: a pointed plate for the foot in

hill-climbing; CRAMP'-RING, a ring formerly blessed by the sovereign on

Good-Friday against cramp and the falling sickness.--_adj._ CRAMP'Y,

affected or diseased with cramp: producing cramp.--BATHER'S CRAMP, the

popular name for paralysis attacking a person while bathing; WRITER'S

CRAMP, or _Scrivener's palsy_, a common disease affecting those in the

habit of constant writing, the muscles refusing to obey only on attempting

to write. [O. Fr. _crampe_; cf. Dut. _kramp_, Ger. _krampf_.]

CRAN, kran, _n._ a measure of capacity in Scotland for herrings when just

taken out of the net. It amounts to 37½ imperial gallons, and comprises

about 750 herrings on an average.--COUP THE CRAN (_Scot._), to be upset.

[Prob. from Gael. _crann_, a measure.]

CRANBERRY, kran'ber-i, _n._ a genus of small evergreen shrubs growing in

peaty bogs and marshy grounds: the berry much used for tarts. [For

_crane-berry_; a late word; origin obscure; cf. Ger. _kranbeere_ or

_kranich-beere_.]

CRANCH. Same as CRAUNCH.

CRANE, kr[=a]n, _n._ a large wading bird, with long legs, neck, and bill: a

bent pipe for drawing liquor out of a cask: a machine for raising heavy

weights--both named from their likeness to the bird.--_v.t._ to raise with

a crane.--_v.i._ to stretch out the neck: to pull up before a jump.--_ns._

CRAN'AGE, the use of a crane: the price paid for the use of it; CRANE'-FLY,

a genus of dipterous insects, nearly allied to the gnats, with very long

legs.--_adj._ CRANE'-NECKED.--_n._ CRANE'S'-BILL, the Geranium, from a

lengthened appendage of the seed-vessel. [A.S. _cran_; Ger. _kranich_, W.

_garan_.]

CRANE. Same as CRANIUM.

CRANIUM, kr[=a]'ni-um, _n._ the skull: the bones enclosing the

brain.--_adj._ CR[=A]'NIAL, pertaining to the cranium.--_n._ CRANIOG'NOMY,

cranial physiognomy.--_adj._ CRANIOLOG'ICAL.--_ns._ CRANIOL'OGIST, one

skilled in craniology; CRANIOL'OGY, the study of skulls: phrenology;

CRANIOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the skull; CRANIOM'ETRY, the

measurement of skulls; CRANINOS'COPIST, a phrenologist; CRANIOS'COPY,

phrenology; CRANIOT'OMY (_obstetrics_), the act of breaking down the head

of the foetus. [Low L. _cranium_--Gr. _kranion_, from _kar[=e]_, the head.]

CRANK, krangk, _n._ a crook or bend: a conceit in speech: a whim: (_mach._)

a lever or arm on a shaft, driven by hand or by a connecting-rod, its

object being to convert reciprocating motion into rotary motion.--_v.i._ to

move in a zizag manner.--_v.t._ to shape like a crank: to provide with a

crank.--_adj._ crooked: crabbed: loose or slack.--_adv._ CRANK'ILY.--_n._

CRANK'INESS.--_adj._ CRANK'Y, crooked: infirm: full of whims: cross. [M. E.

_kranke_--A.S. _crincan_, to yield; cf. Ger. _krank_.]

CRANK, krangk, _adj._ brisk: merry. [Origin unknown.]

CRANK, krangk, CRANK-SIDED, krangk-s[=i]'ded, _adj._ (_naut._) liable to be

upset--_n._ CRANK'NESS, liability to be upset. [Ety. uncertain.]

CRANKLE, krangk'l, CRINKLE, kringk'l, _n._ a turn, winding, or wrinkle, an

angular protuberance.--_v.t._ to bend: to twist.

CRANNOG, kran'og, _n._ the name given in Scotland and Ireland to a

fortified island (partly natural and partly artificial) in a lake, once

used as a dwelling-place and place of refuge. [Gael. _crann_, a tree.]

CRANNY, kran'i, _n._ a rent: a chink: a secret place.--_v.i._ to enter

crannies.--_adj._ CRANN'IED, having crannies, rents, or fissures. [Fr.

_cran_, a notch.]

CRANREUCH, kran'ruh, _n._ (_Scot._) hoar-frost. [Gael.]

CRANTS, krantz, _n._ (_Shak._) the garland carried before the bier of a

maiden and hung over her grave. [From Ger. _kranz_, a wreath, a garland.]

CRAPE, kr[=a]p, _n._ a thin silk fabric, tightly twisted, without removing

the natural gum--usually dyed black, used for mournings.--_adj._ made of

crape.--_v.t._ to clothe with crape: to frizzle (hair).--_adj._ CRAP'Y. [O.

Fr. _crespe_ (Fr. _crêpe_)--L. _crispus_, crisp.]

CRAPPIT-HEAD, krap'it-hed, _n._ a haddock's head stuffed with a compound of

oatmeal, suet, onions, and pepper. [_Crappit_, from a Scotch word, _crap_,

to cram.]

CRAPULENCE, krap'[=u]-lens, _n._ sickness caused by an overdose of

drink.--_adjs._ CRAP'ULOUS, CRAP'ULENT. [Fr. _crapule_--L. _crapula_,

intoxication.]

CRARE, CRAYER, kr[=a]r, _n._ a trading vessel. [O. Fr. _craier_--Late L.

_craiera_; origin dub.]

CRASE. Obsolete form of CRAZE.

CRASH, krash, _n._ a noise as of things breaking or being crushed by

falling; the shock of two bodies meeting: the failure of a commercial

undertaking.--_v.i._ to fall to pieces with a loud noise: to move with such

a noise.--_v.t._ to dash in pieces. [From the sound.]

CRASH, krash, _n._ a coarse strong linen.

CRASIS, kr[=a]'sis, _n._ the mixture of different elements in the

constitution of the body: temperament: (_gram._) the mingling or

contraction of two vowels into one long vowel, or into a diphthong. [Gr.

_krasis_--_kerannynai_, to mix.]

CRASS, kras, _adj._ gross: thick: dense: stupid.--_ns._ CRASSAMENT'UM, the

thick part of coagulated blood: the clot; CRASS'ITUDE, coarseness: density:

stupidity.--_adv._ CRASS'LY.--_n._ CRASS'NESS.--_n.pl._ CRASSUL[=A]'CEÆ, an

order of herbaceous or shrubby, succulent plants--including the

_Stone-crop_ and _House-leek_. [O. Fr. _cras_--L. _crassus_.]

CRATÆGUS, kra-t[=e]'gus, _n._ a genus of thorny shrubs, of the rose family,

in north temperate regions. [Gr.]

CRATCH, krach, _n._ a crib to hold hay for cattle, a manger.--_n.pl._

CRATCHES, a swelling on a horse's pastern, under the fetlock. [Fr.

_crèche_, a manger; from a Teut. root, whence also crib.]

CRATE, kr[=a]t, _n._ a wicker-work case for packing crockery in, or for

carrying fruit. [L. _cratis_, a hurdle. See CRADLE.]

CRATER, kr[=a]t'[.e]r, _n._ the bowl-shaped mouth of a volcano.--_adjs._

CRAT'ERIFORM, or CRATER'IFORM, shaped like a crater; CRAT'EROUS. [L.,--Gr.

_krat[=e]r_, a large bowl for mixing wine, from _kerannynai_, to mix.]

CRAUNCH, kranch. A form of CRUNCH.

CRAVAT, kra-vat', _n._ a kind of neckcloth worn chiefly by men.--_v.t._ to

dress in a cravat.--_adj._ CRAVAT'TED, wearing a cravat. [Fr.

_cravate_--introduced in 1636 from the _Cravates_ or Croatians.]

CRAVE, kr[=a]v, _v.t._ to beg earnestly: to beseech: to demand or require:

to long for.--_ns._ CRAV'ER, one who craves: a beggar; CRAV'ING, desire:

longing. [A.S. _crafian_, to crave; Ice. _krefja_.]

CRAVEN, kr[=a]v'n, _n._ a coward: a spiritless fellow.--_adj._ cowardly:

spiritless.--_v.t._ to render spiritless.--_adv._ CRAV'ENLY.--_n._

CRAV'ENNESS.--TO CRY CRAVEN, to surrender. [M. E. _cravant_--O. Fr.

participle _cravanté_, corresponding to L. _crepant-em_, _crep[=a]re_, to

rattle, to break; some explain M. E. _cravant_ as O. Fr. _creant_, as in

_recreant_.]

CRAW, kraw, _n._ the crop, throat, or first stomach of fowls: the stomach

of animals generally. [M. E. _crawe_; not found in A.S.; cf. Dut. _kraag_,

neck.]

CRAWFISH. See CRAYFISH.

CRAWL, krawl, _v.i._ to move slowly along the ground, as a worm: to creep:

to move feebly, stealthily, or sneakingly: to be covered with crawling

things.--_n._ the act of crawling.--_ns._ CRAWL'ER, one who or that which

crawls: a reptile; CRAWL'ING.--_adv._ CRAWL'Y (_coll._), with a creepy

feeling. [Scand.; Ice. _krafla_, Dan. _kravle_; Ger. _krabbeln_, to creep.]

CRAWL, krawl, _n._ a pen for keeping fish: a kraal.

CRAX, kraks, _n._ the typical genus of birds of family _Cracidæ_.

CRAYFISH, kr[=a]'fish, CRAWFISH, kraw'fish, _n._ a large fresh-water

crustacean in the long-tailed division of the order _Decapoda_: the small

spiny lobster. [M. E. _crevice_--O. Fr. _crevice_ (Fr. _écrevisse_, a

crayfish)--Old High Ger. _krebiz_, a CRAB.]

CRAYON, kr[=a]'on, _n._ a pencil made of chalk or pipeclay, variously

coloured, used for drawing: a drawing done with crayons.--_v.t._ to draw

with a crayon.--IN CRAYONS, of a picture, made by crayons. [Fr.

_crayon_--_craie_, chalk, from L. _creta_, chalk.]

CRAZE, kr[=a]z, _v.t._ to weaken: to derange (applied to the intellect):

(_obs._) to break.--_v.i._ to become mad.--_n._ a crack or flaw:

insanity.--_adj._ CRAZED, deranged.--_adv._ CRAZ'ILY.--_ns._ CRAZ'INESS;

CRAZ'ING-MILL, a mill for crushing tin-ore.--_adj._ CRAZ'Y, frail: insane:

demented. [Scand.; Sw. _krasa_, Dan. _krase_, to crackle; whence also Fr.

_écraser_, to crush.]

CREAGH, CREACH, kreh, _n._ a foray, raid: booty. [Gael.]

CREAK, kr[=e]k, _v.i._ to make a sharp, grating sound, as of a hinge,

&c.--_n._ a grating noise, as of an unoiled hinge.--_adv._

CREAK'ILY.--_adj._ CREAK'Y. [From the sound, like _crake_ and _croak_.]

CREAM, kr[=e]m, _n._ the oily substance which forms on milk, yielding

butter when churned: the best part of anything: any cream-like preparation,

as _cold cream_ for the skin, &c., or any dish largely made of cream, or

like cream, as _chocolate-cream_, _ice-cream_, _whipped-cream_, &c.--_v.t._

to take off the cream.--_v.i._ to gather or form cream.--_ns._ CREAM'-CAKE,

a kind of cake filled with custard made of cream, &c.; CREAM'-CHEESE,

cheese made of cream.--_adj._ CREAM'-COL'OURED, of the colour of cream,

light yellow.--_n._ CREAM'ERY, an establishment where butter and cheese are

made from the milk supplied by a number of producers: a shop for milk,

butter, &c.--_adj._ CREAM'-FACED, pale-faced.--_ns._ CREAM'-FRUIT, the

fruit of a creeping West African plant of the dogbane family, yielding a

cream-like juice; CREAM'INESS.--_adj._ CREAM'-LAID, of a cream-colour and

laid, or bearing linear water-lines as if laid.--_ns._ CREAM'-NUT, the

Brazil nut; CREAM'-SLICE, a wooden blade for skimming cream from

milk.--_adjs._ CREAM'-WOVE, woven of a cream-colour; CREAM'Y, full of or

like cream: gathering like cream.--CREAM OF TARTAR, a white crystalline

compound made by purifying argol, bitartrate of potash. [O. Fr. _cresme_,

_creme_--L. _chrisma_.]

CREANCE, kr[=e]'ans, _n._ the cord which secures the hawk while being

trained. [Fr.]

CREANT, kr[=e]'ant, _adj._ creating: formative.

CREASE, kr[=e]s, _n._ a mark made by folding or doubling anything:

(_cricket_) a line indicating the boundaries of a particular space, as the

position of a batter and bowler.--_v.t._ to make creases in

anything.--_v.i._ to become creased.--_adj._ CREAS'Y, full of creases.

[Prob. Celt., as Bret. _kr[=i]z_, &c.]

CREASE. See CREESE.

CREASOTE. See CREOSOTE.

CREATE, kr[=e]-[=a]t', _v.t._ to bring into being or form out of nothing:

to beget: to form: to invest with a new form, office, or character: to

produce.--_adj._ CRE[=A]T'ABLE.--_n._ CRE[=A]'TION, the act of creating,

esp. the universe: that which is created, the world, the universe.--_adj._

CRE[=A]'TIONAL.--_ns._ CRE[=A]'TIONISM, the theory of special creation,

opp. to _Evolutionism_: the theory that God immediately creates a soul for

every human being born--opp. to _Traducianism_; CRE[=A]'TIONIST.--_adj._

CRE[=A]'TIVE, having power to create: that creates.--_adv._

CRE[=A]'TIVELY.--_ns._ CRE[=A]'TIVENESS; CRE[=A]'TOR, he who creates: a

maker:--_fem._ CRE[=A]'TRIX, CRE[=A]'TRESS; CRE[=A]'TORSHIP.--_adjs._

CREA'TURAL, CREA'TURELY, pertaining to a creature or thing created.--_ns._

CREATURE (kr[=e]'t[=u]r), whatever has been created, animate or inanimate,

esp. every animated being, an animal, a man: a term of contempt or of

endearment: a dependent, instrument, or puppet; CREA'TURESHIP.--THE

CREATOR, the Supreme Being, God.--CREATURE COMFORTS, material comforts,

food, &c.: liquor, esp. whisky. [L. _cre[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_; Gr.

_krain-ein_, to fulfil.]

CREATINE, kr[=e]'a-tin, _n._ a constant and characteristic constituent of

the striped muscle of vertebrates--also KRE'ATINE.--_adj._ CREAT'IC,

relating to flesh.--_n._ CRE'ATININE, dehydrated form, a constant

constituent of urine, found also in fish muscles. [Gr. _kreas_, _kreatos_,

flesh.]

CRÈCHE, kresh, _n._ a sort of public nursery for children, while their

mothers are at work. [Fr.]

CREDENCE, kr[=e]'dens, _n._ belief: trust: the small table beside the altar

on which the bread and wine are placed before being consecrated.--_n._

CREDEN'DUM, a thing to be believed, an act of faith:--_pl._

CREDENDA.--_adjs._ CR[=E]'DENT, easy of belief; CREDEN'TIAL, giving a title

to belief or credit.--_n._ that which entitles to credit or confidence:

(_pl._) esp. the letters by which one claims confidence or authority among

strangers.--_ns._ CREDIBIL'ITY, CRED'IBLENESS.--_adj._ CREDIBLE (kred'-),

that may be believed.--_adv._ CRED'IBLY.--_n._ CRED'IT, belief: esteem:

reputation: honour: good character: sale on trust: time allowed for

payment: the side of an account on which payments received are entered: a

sum placed at a person's disposal in a bank on which he may draw to its

amount.--_v.t._ to believe: to trust: to sell or lend to on trust: to enter

on the credit side of an account: to set to the credit of.--_adj._

CRED'ITABLE, trustworthy: bringing credit or honour.--_n._

CRED'ITABLENESS.--_adv._ CRED'ITABLY.--_ns._ CRED'ITOR, one to whom a debt

is due:--_fem._ CRED'ITRIX; CR[=E]'DO, the Creed, or a musical setting of

it for church services; CRED[=U]'LITY, credulousness: disposition to

believe on insufficient evidence.--_adj._ CRED'ULOUS, easy of belief: apt

to believe without sufficient evidence: unsuspecting.--_adv._

CRED'ULOUSLY.--_ns._ CRED'ULOUSNESS; CREED, a summary of articles of

religious belief, esp. those called the Apostles', Nicene, and Athanasian:

any system of belief. [Fr.,--Low L. _credentia_--L. _credent-_, believing,

pr.p. of _cred[)e]re_.]

CREEK, kr[=e]k, _n._ a small inlet or bay of the sea, or the tidal estuary

of a river: any turn or winding: in America and Australia, a small

river.--_adj._ CREEK'Y, full of creeks: winding. [Prob. Scand., Ice.

_kriki_, a nook; cf. Dut. _kreek_, a bay.]

CREEL, kr[=e]l, _n._ a basket, esp. an angler's basket. [Prob. Celt; cf.

Old Ir. _criol_, a chest.]

CREEP, kr[=e]p, _v.i._ to move on the belly, like a snake: to move slowly:

to grow along the ground or on supports, as a vine: to fawn or cringe: to

have the physical sensation of something creeping over or under the skin:

to shudder at from fear or repugnance: to drag with a creeper, as a

river-bottom:--_pr.p._ creep'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ crept.--_ns._

CREEP'ER, a creeping plant: a genus of small climbing birds; CREEP'-HOLE, a

hole into which to creep: a subterfuge; CREEP'IE, a low stool, the old

Scotch stool of repentance.--_adv._ CREEP'INGLY.--_adj._ CREEP'Y. [A.S.

_creópan_; Dut. _kruipen_.]

CREESE, CREASE, kr[=e]s, _n._ a Malay dagger with a wavy blade--also

KRIS.--_v.t._ to stab with a creese.

CREESH, kr[=e]sh, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to grease.--_n._ grease.--_adj._

CREESH'Y. [O. Fr. _craisse_--L. _crassus_, fat.]

CREMAILLERE, kre-mal-y[=a]r', _n._ a line of fortification built zigzag to

give wider range in firing. [Fr.]

CREMATION, krem-[=a]'shun, _n._ act of burning, esp. of the dead.--_v.t._

CREMATE'.--_ns._ CREM[=A]'TIONIST, one who advocates cremation; CREMAT'OR,

CREMAT[=O]R'IUM, CREM'ATORY, a place where cremation is done.--_adj._

CREMAT[=O]R'IAL. [L.,--_crem[=a]re_, to burn.]

CREMONA, krem-[=o]'na, _n._ a superior kind of violin made at _Cremona_ in

Italy.--_adj._ CREMONESE'.

CREMOR, kr[=e]'mor, _n._ thick juice.

CREMOSIN, krem'[=o]-zin, _n._ crimson (_Spens._).

CRENATE, -D, kr[=e]'n[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ (_bot._) having the edge

notched.--_ns._ CR[=E]'NA, a furrow or notch; CREN[=A]'TION;

CREN'ATURE.--_adjs._ CREN'ULATE, -D, finely notched or crenate. [L.

_crena_, a notch.]

CRENEL, kren'el, CRENELLE, kre-nel', _n._ (_archit._) an opening in a