CHAPTER XXVII.
ORGANIZATION OF FORCES AT FORT WILBOURN AND DISPOSITION OF SAME–MURDER
OF PHILLIPS–MARCH TO DIXON’S FERRY.
Returning to the movements of the troops along the Illinois River, we
find in the Missouri Republican that Colonel Davenport and two companies
of United States Infantry arrived in St. Louis on June 11th, in the
steamer Otto from the Cantonment of Leavenworth, and that they
immediately took the boats Caroline and Winnebago for Fort Deposit, or
Fort Wilbourn, as it subsequently was called.
On June 5th, by Order 27, Atkinson thanked the men under Colonel Fry for
their services and exhorted them to re-enlist in the new campaign, which
they did, almost to a man.
On the 8th Atkinson fell down the river to the foot of the rapids,
fifteen miles below Ottawa, and on the 9th mustered out the company of
Captain Wilbourn of Morgan, which took the steamer Caroline to
Beardstown, and thence the men either re-enlisted or marched home. From
the same point Quartermaster March was ordered to St. Louis to forward
to Fort Wilbourn, as early as possible, the pack horses he had been
directed to purchase, also fifteen to twenty two-horse wagons, and be in
readiness to move to Dixon’s Ferry with them on the 17th.
Back again at Ottawa on the 10th, by Order 31, Atkinson directed Capt.
Cyrus Mathews’ company to remain and guard supplies at Fort Wilbourn. On
the 12th Capt. Morgan L. Payne, then stationed at AuxPlaines, was
ordered to remove with his command to the DuPage settlement on DuPage
River, remain near Captain Naper and range his company from DuPage to
Hickory Creek settlements, after which, on the same day, Atkinson again
moved down the Illinois River to Fort Deposit, or, as we have seen, Fort
Wilbourn.
This name Deposit was given by Maj. Reddick Horn, who established it, to
the point at the foot of the Illinois rapids, where the supplies were
deposited when brought from St. Louis by Colonel March, Q.M., and is
described in the press and documents of that day as being on the left
bank of the Illinois River, one and a half miles below the mouth of the
Little Vermilion River–about 300 miles from St. Louis and the head of
steamboat navigation. Fort Johnston,[174] named from Albert Sidney
Johnston, opposite the mouth of Fox River, and Atkinson’s headquarters
for some time, was about twenty miles up from Wilbourn and was placed at
a distance of ninety miles from Chicago, while Wilbourn was said to be
fifty miles from Dixon and Dixon 100 miles from the Four Lakes country
and the neighborhood of the camp of the Sacs, which, in turn, was about
sixty miles from Fort Winnebago and Chicago.
With Atkinson came his staff, Lieut. A.S. Johnston and Lieut. M.L.
Clark, Aids; Lieut. Robert Anderson, Assistant Inspector-General; Lieut.
G.W. Wheelwright, Ordnance Officer; Lieut. R. Holmes, Commissary of
Subsistence, and Dr. Baylor, Surgeon, and Gen. Hugh Brady and his aid,
Lieut. Electus Backus, who had left at Dixon’s Ferry the two companies
of infantry brought from Fort Winnebago. As this point was as accessible
to Dixon’s Ferry, the objective point of the army, as Ottawa, it was
decided to remain there and notify the militia to come on from Hennepin
and Beardstown, which they did.
On the 14th General Atkinson ordered Colonel Moore’s regiment, with the
exception of Captain Payne’s company, to return to Danville to be
mustered out, while Colonel Moore turned over to the quartermaster at
Ottawa his surplus ammunition and supplies, Captain Payne being ordered
to remain at his position till further ordered.
On the night of the 15th, Billy Caldwell, Shabbona and Wau-ban-see came
into camp and offered Atkinson 100 men, to be commanded by Shabbona, who
then communicated the location of Black Hawk at his last camp at the
head of Rock River, with a following of warriors estimated to be from
1,000 to 2,000, and firmly intrenched against attack.
Governor Reynolds, who had rejoined the men about this time, appointed
Lieut. R. Holmes on his staff, and, in turn, Atkinson appointed Thomas
C. Brown, of the Gallatin County volunteers, one of his aids;
accordingly, on the 19th Brown was discharged as a private, to report as
aid.
On consultation with all the captains, Governor Reynolds determined that
every officer above a captain should be elected by the men
themselves,[175] a move which pleased everybody and which gave the army
a strength unknown during the first campaign.
It was further decided that the brigade staff officers should be one
brigadier-general, who should appoint one aid-de-camp, one brigade
inspector, one brigade quartermaster, one paymaster and two assistant
quartermasters.
On the 15th Major (Rev.) Horn, who had erected the stockade called Fort
Deposit, was relieved as assistant quartermaster and Hugh McGill was
appointed by Order 34 from Atkinson. On the same day Posey’s Brigade was
organized and turned over to Atkinson, as follows:
Brigadier General, Alexander Posey.
Aids, Alexander P. Hall and B.A. Clark.
Brigade Inspector, John Raum.
Brigade Paymaster, William M. Wallace.
Assistant Quartermasters, John A. McClernand and Marshall Rawlings,
all of
Gallatin County except Raum, who was from Pope County.
The brigade was composed of three regiments and a spy battalion.
The officers of the First Regiment, so far as known, were: Colonel,
Willis Hargrave; Lieutenant-Colonel, Jeff. Gatewood; Major, James
Huston.
It was composed of five companies, all from Gallatin County, and
commanded by Captains John Bays, David B. Russell, Harrison Wilson,[176]
Joel Holliday and Achilles Coffey.
The officers of the Second Regiment, so far as known, were: Colonel,
John Ewing; Lieutenant-Colonel, – – Storm; Major, Johnson Wren;
Quartermaster, James F. Johnson, and Quartermaster’s Sergeant, Moses
Neal.
It was composed of six companies, commanded by Captains George P.
Bowyer, William J. Stephenson and Obediah West from Franklin County, and
Charles Dunn, Jonathan Durman and Armstead Holman from Pope County.
The officers of the Third Regiment, so far as known, were: Colonel,
Samuel Leech; Lieutenant-Colonel, – – Campbell, for a short period, when
he was succeeded by William Adair; Major, Joseph Shelton, and
Quartermaster’s Sergeant, Levin Lane.
It was composed of five companies, commanded by Captains Ardin
Biggerstaff and James Hall of Hamilton County; John Onstott of Clay
County, and James N. Clark and Berryman G. Wells of Wayne County.
The officers of the Spy Battalion, so far as known, were: Major, John
Dement; Adjutant, Stinson B. Anderson;[177] Paymaster, Zadock
Casey;[178] Quartermaster, B. Hicks.
It was composed of the two companies commanded by Captains William N.
Dobbins of Marion County, and James Bowman of Jefferson County, and
seven detachments from the companies of Stephenson, Dunn, Russell,
Durman, West, Holliday and Bowyer.
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[Illustration: JOHN A. McCLERNAND, ASST. BRIGADE Q.M.]
[Illustration: MAJ. JOHN RAUM.]
[Illustration: CAPT. JOEL HOLLIDAY.]
[Illustration: CAPT. ACHILLES COFFEY.]
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[Illustration: CAPT. WILLIAM J. STEPHENSON.]
[Illustration: CAPT. CHARLES DUNN.]
[Illustration: CAPT. JOHN ONSTOTT.]
[Illustration: CAPT. ISAAC SANDFORD.]
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On Sunday, the 17th, an express came from the DuPage settlements, which
had left there the preceding evening at 9 o’clock, bringing information
of the killing of Private William Brown of Captain Payne’s company by a
party of Sacs on the 16th.
On the 16th the Second Brigade, consisting of three regiments, a spy
battalion and a detachment, was organized, the officers of which were:
Brigadier-General, Milton K. Alexander of Edgar County; Aid, William B.
Archer; Brigade Inspector, Stephen B. Shelledy; Brigade Quartermaster,
Henry G. Smith.[179]
The officers of the First Regiment, so far as known, were: Colonel,
James M. Blackburn; Lieutenant-Colonel, William Wyatt; Major, James S.
Jones; Surgeon, J.J. Parrish; Quartermaster, Leonard B. Parker.
It was composed of six companies, commanded by Captains Thomas B. Ross
of Coles County, Royal A. Nott of Clark County and Samuel Brimberry,
Isaac Sandford, Robert Griffin and Jonathan Mayo of Edgar County.
The officers of the Second Regiment, so far as known, were: Colonel,
Samuel Adams; Lieutenant-Colonel, J.W. Barlow; Major, George Bowers;
Adjutant, Samuel Dunlap; Quartermaster, Walter L. Mayo.
It was composed of the companies of Captains John Barnes (only one-half
thereof, the other half being sent to Isaac Parmenter’s detachment with
the Third Regiment), Alexander M. Houston and part of William
Highsmith’s of Crawford County and John Arnold and Elias Jordan of
Wabash County.
The officers of the Third Regiment, so far as known, were: Colonel,
Hosea Pearce; Lieutenant-Colonel, C. Jones; Major, William Eubanks;
Adjutant, Isaac Parmenter; Quartermaster, John T. Hunter; Surgeon, Aaron
Thrall.
It was composed of five companies, commanded by Captains Solomon Hunter
and Champion S. Madding from Edwards County, and John Haynes, William
Thomas and Daniel Powell from White County.
The officers of the Spy Battalion, so far as known, were: Major, William
McHenry; Adjutant, Nineveh Shaw; Surgeon, George Flanagan.
It was composed of the companies of Captains John F. Richardson from
Clark County, Abner Greer from Lawrence County and John McCown from
White County.
Attached to the Third Regiment were fourteen small detachments commanded
by Isaac Parmenter.
On Monday, the 18th, the company of Capt. David Smith, Madison County,
First Regiment, Third Brigade, was detached to occupy the post at Fort
Johnston. On the same day an express arrived from the Henderson River
which reported the murder on Bureau Creek of Elijah Phillips, one of a
party of six who had been passing the night in the cabin of John L.
Ament. As this murder created a great scare at the time, it may be well
to relate the circumstances:
On the 17th Phillips, Ament, J. Hodges, Sylvester Brigham, Aaron Gunn,
James G. Forristall and a lad of sixteen, named Ziba Dimmick, left
Hennepin to look after cattle which had been left to run at large on
Bureau Creek. On arriving at Ament’s cabin, a mile and a half north of
the present site of Dover, they ate their lunch and were preparing to
return to Hennepin, when a heavy rain set in and the party retired to
the cabin for the night, after first securely barricading the door.
To the west of the cabin lay the sugar camp of the Indians, which had
for years been their headquarters. The presence of Ament in the country
had greatly angered the Indians, and it required no great effort by
Black Hawk’s emissaries to persuade them to rid themselves of the
presence of the hated settlers. The presence of the whites was at once
discovered by them and during the night a cordon was formed around the
house to ambush them the moment any of the number appeared. Mr. Phillips
arose and left the cabin alone to look after the horses. Proceeding but
a few feet, he walked square upon the Indians in the hazel bushes, who,
with deafening yells, rose and shot him. Wishing the full fruition of
their victory, they rushed upon his body to secure the scalp, but the
other whites within, thrusting their muskets through the chinks,
frightened the Indians away. Young Dimmick volunteered to return to
Hennepin for reinforcements, a dangerous trip, but, calling a horse to
him, he mounted, and, reaching Hennepin, was able to secure, after much
persuasion, some reinforcements from two companies of the rangers who
had been discharged and were returning home. The body of Phillips was
secured and taken to Hennepin for burial.
On Tuesday, the 19th, Posey was ordered to draw ten days’ rations and
start for Dixon’s Ferry that night or the following morning. Major
Dement’s battalion, however, was ordered first to scour the woods around
the Bureau settlements to see if it could not run down the murderers of
Phillips, and then go on to Dixon’s to receive further orders from
Colonel Taylor, who had remained at that point all the time since the
discharge of the first levy on May 27th and 28th, with his force of
regulars, which included Jefferson Davis, his aid, and some 200
volunteers. Just previous, Taylor had sent forward with Captain Snyder’s
company two companies of the regulars under Major Bennet Riley, to be
stationed at Kellogg’s Grove, as has been noticed before.
Governor Reynolds had on the 12th ordered a battalion to be organized to
guard the frontiers between the Mississippi and Peoria on the north of
the Illinois River, and selected Samuel Bogart Major to command the
same, the name of no other officer being known. The companies, so far as
can be ascertained, were those of Captains Peter Butler of Warren
County, John W. Kenney of Rock Island, James White, Hancock County, John
Sain, Fulton County, William McMurtry, Knox County, and Asel F. Ball of
Fulton County, all of which were mustered out September 4th and 5th at
Macomb.
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[Illustration: GEN. MILTON K. ALEXANDER.]
[Illustration: SAMUEL DUNLAP.]
[Illustration: S.B. SHELLEDY.]
[Illustration: CAPT. THOMAS B. ROSS.]
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[Illustration: REV. SAMUEL WESTBROOK.]
[Illustration: L.B. PARKER.]
[Illustration: CAPT. JONATHAN MAYO.]
[Illustration: CAPT. JAMES BURNS.]
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The Governor also, on the 19th, appointed his staff: Aids, Alexander F.
Grant of Gallatin and Benjamin F. Hickman of Franklin; Adjutant-General,
Judge Theophilus W. Smith of the Supreme Court;[180] Pay-master-General,
James Turney, and Quartermaster-General, Enoch C.
On this same day the Governor organized a battalion to guard the
frontier between Ottawa and Chicago with the companies of Captains
Nathaniel Buckmaster, Aaron Armstrong, James Walker, Morgan L. Payne,
Holden Sessions and — — Draper, and appointed Buckmaster Major, and it
may be said that this battalion did excellent service. Without loss, it
cleared its territory of the last hostile Indian, and the settlers, in
less than three weeks’ time, were permitted to return to their homes,
relieved of the dangers which had for so long a time compelled them to
remain inside of forts at Chicago and Ottawa.
At the same time Major Bailey was given command of a battalion and was
sent to Chicago to take charge of that very important post. So well did
he manage the duties entrusted to him that he received the thanks of the
President, Andrew Jackson.
On the 20th Posey’s Brigade marched at 1 o’clock, under the command of
General Hugh Brady, who took with him the two companies of regulars from
the Cantonment of Leavenworth, under orders of Colonel Davenport, who
was ordered to accompany the brigade and perform such staff duties as
should be demanded of him. Lieutenant-Colonel Baker of the Sixth United
States Infantry was assigned to command the detachment of two companies.
On the same day the Third Brigade, consisting of four regiments and a
spy battalion, was organized, the officers of which, so far as known,
were: Brigadier-General, James D. Henry; Aid, Alexander P. Field;[181]
Brigade Inspector, Murray McConnel; Brigade Paymaster, Cornelius Hook;
Brigade Wagonmaster, Nathan Hussey; Assistant Brigade Quartermasters,
N.H. Johnston and Milton B. Roberts.
The officers of the First Regiment, so far as known, were: Colonel,
Samuel T. Matthews; Lieutenant-Colonel, James Gillham; Major, James
Evans; Adjutant, William Weatherford; Surgeon, E.K. Wood; Paymaster,
Alexander Beall; Quartermaster’s Sergeant, Nathan Hart; Surgeon’s Mate,
Milton K. Branson.
It was composed of six companies, commanded by Captains David Smith of
Madison County, detailed as stated, William Gillham,[182] William
Gordon, George F. Bristow, J.T. Arnett and Walter Butler of Morgan
County.
The officers of the Second Regiment, so far as known, were: Colonel,
Jacob Fry; Lieutenant-Colonel, Jeremiah Smith; Major, Benjamin James;
Adjutant, John O’Melvany; Paymaster, Benjamin Bond; Quartermaster, C.V.
Halsted; Surgeon, William H. Terrell; Surgeon’s Mate, J.B. Logan;
Hospital Steward, John Hawthorne.
It was composed of five companies, commanded by Captains Hiram Roundtree
of Montgomery County; James Kincaid, Gershom Patterson (the first
captain, Alexander Smith having resigned July 15), Aaron Bannon of
Greene County and Thomas Stout of Bond County.
The officers of the Third Regiment, so far as known, were: Colonel,
Gabriel Jones; Lieutenant-Colonel, Sidney Breese; Major, John D. Wood;
Adjutant, David Baldridge; Paymaster, Martin W. Doris; Quartermaster’s
Sergeant, Joseph Orr; Sergeant-Major, John Hawthorn.
It was composed of six companies, commanded by Captains Andrew Bankson
of Clinton County, William Adair of Perry County, Josiah S. Briggs,
James Thompson and James Connor of Randolph (Connor’s company was first
commanded by Jacob Feaman, who resigned July 25th) and James Burns of
Washington County.
T.W. Smith was first elected Lieutenant-Colonel, and Sidney Breese,
Major, of the Third Regiment, but upon the appointment of Smith to be
Adjutant-General, Major Breese was promoted.[183]
The officers of the Fourth Regiment, so far as known, were: Colonel,
James Collins; Lieutenant-Colonel, Powell H. Sharp; Major, William
Miller; Adjutant, Dr. E.H. Merriman; Surgeon’s Mate, John Warnsing.
It was composed of six companies, commanded by Captains Bennett Nowlen
of Macoupin County, Ozias Hale of Pike County, Jesse Claywell, Reuben
Brown[184] and Thomas Moffett of Sangamon County and Henry L. Webb of
Alexander County.
[Illustration: W.L. MAYO.]
[Illustration: ISAAC PARMENTER.]
[Illustration: CAPT. CHAMPION S. MADDING.]
[Illustration: CAPT. WILLIAM THOMAS.]
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[Illustration: CAPT. DANIEL POWELL.]
[Illustration: CAPT. WILLIAM McMURTRY.]
[Illustration: NATHAN HUSSEY.]
[Illustration: CAPT. PETER BUTLER.]
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The officers of the Spy Battalion, so far as known, were: Major, William
L.D. Ewing; Paymaster, Frederick Remann; Quartermaster, David H. Moore;
Surgeon, John Allan Wakefield; Quartermaster’s Sergeant, Alanson Powell.
It was composed of the companies of Captains Allan F. Lindsay of Morgan
County and Samuel Huston of Fayette County.
On the 21 st Brady was ordered to take command of the forces at Dixon’s
when he arrived there, but before starting out he was to detail ten men
from each brigade for duty with the convoys of wagons, which said detail
was to report daily to Col. E.C. March, Quartermaster-General.
At 2 o’clock of the same day Alexander’s Brigade started for Dixon’s
Ferry, after receiving General Order No. 41:
“Headquarters, Army of the Frontier,
“Rapids of the Illinois, 20 June, 1832.
“The movement of the mounted volunteers on the march, whether in
division or brigade, will be in columns by heads of regiments or
battalions. An advance flank and rear guard will be constantly
thrown out on the march; its distance from the main body will be
regulated according to the nature of the ground, by the officer of
the day, under the direction of the commander or senior officer
present. Should the troops be attacked in front, flank and rear on
the march, the line would be formed in either direction by
regiments on foot previously named (as will also the reserve in
either case). The form of the encampment will be a square. The
troops having occupied the ground designated for the encampment
will remain on horseback until the guard is posted, when the order
to dismount will be given by a signal, and tents pitched; the
train of wagons will then go formed in line within a square, in
rear of the line of tents. The horses will be grazed until night,
when, at a given signal, to be given for that purpose, they will
be picketed in lines in the area within the line of wagons.
“The fires will be at least forty yards in front of the line of
tents. Should the camp be attacked, the line will be formed on
foot immediately in front of the line of tents.
“It is of the utmost importance that the ammunition should not be
wasted. The commanders of brigades will see that the greatest care
is taken of that issued to their respective commands.
“A.S. JOHNSTON, A.D.C., A.A.A. General.”
“Headquarters, Army of the Frontier,
“Foot of the Rapids of the Illinois, June 21, 1832.
“Order No. 43.
“In organizing the Third Brigade of Illinois Volunteers, the
Commanding General orders as follows, to-wit: That Captain Jones’
company of volunteers from Randolph County be and is hereby
attached to the Third Regiment of said brigade. Captain Smith’s
company of said Third Regiment is transferred to and is attached
to the First Regiment of said brigade, to which is also attached
Captain Matthews’ company of volunteer infantry. Captain Matthews’
company of infantry being stationary, the equipments belonging to
said company will be turned over to Colonel Fry, and the necessary
receipts taken for the same. The equipments drawn by Colonel
Matthews at this place will be turned over to Colonel Collins. The
regiment under Colonel Matthews is assigned to duty on this
immediate frontier, and will garrison Forts Ottoway and Wilbourn,
two companies to be stationary at the latter post. The residue to
be stationed at Fort Ottoway for its garrison and for succoring
the frontier and scouring the neighboring country. From two to
three companies will generally be kept out for the latter purpose.
The security of the public property at the forts above mentioned
is confided to the commanding officer of the regiment.
“A.S. JOHNSTON, A.D.C., A.A.A. General.”
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[Illustration: CAPT. A.M. JENKINS.]
[Illustration: COL. T.W. SMITH.]
[Illustration: LIEUT. COL. JAMES GILLHAM.]
[Illustration: DR. J.B. LOGAN.]
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[Illustration: LIEUT. JOHN MORRISON.]
[Illustration: LIEUT. COL. SIDNEY BREESE.]
[Illustration: MAJ. JOHN D. WOOD.]
[Illustration: CAPT. JAMES THOMPSON.]
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The following independent companies, reporting direct to General
Atkinson, joined the new levies to do scouting duty: Jacob M.
Earley’s, of which Abraham Lincoln was a private, Alexander M.
Jenkins’ and B. B. Craig’s.
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Footnote 174:
It has been said that this fort was named after Col. James Johnson, of
the Fifth Regiment, but the burden of authority is in favor of A.S.
Johnston.
Footnote 175:
My Own Times.
Footnote 176:
Captain Harrison Wilson, in the war of 1812, was an ensign in Captain
James Craig’s company of frontier riflemen. Fourth Regiment. His
father, Alexander, was a member of the first Legislature of Illinois
Territory, and drafted with his own hand the first code of
English-speaking law for that territory. Gen. James H. Wilson, of
Wilmington, Del., who represented the U.S. Army at King Edward’s
coronation, and Col. Bluford Wilson, of Springfield, Ill., late
Solicitor of the U.S. Treasury, are sons of Capt. Harrison Wilson, who
died in 1853. He fought by the side of Jefferson Davis against Black
Hawk at the battle of the Bad Axe, while his son, Gen. James H.
Wilson, captured the President of the Southern Confederacy in the
Civil War. Another coincidence must be noticed: Maj.-Gen. John A.
McClernand was a private in Capt. Harrison Wilson’s company, and
during the recent war with Spain Lt.-Col. Edward J. McClernand, son of
Gen. McClernand, was adjutant to Gen. J.H. Wilson while the latter
occupied Cuba.
Footnote 177:
Later Lieut.-Governor.
Footnote 178:
Then Lieut.-Governor.
Footnote 179:
By Col. Smith’s report, in my possession, he certified that his
brigade was furnished from June 21 to July 10, by U.S. Government,
with six baggage wagons; from July 10 to July 26 with four wagons, and
from the 26th to Aug. 14 with three pack horses. The wagons were each
drawn by two horses, and on an average drew 500 pounds. Distance
traveled, 1,200 miles.
Footnote 180:
Selected June 5, according to Wakefield.
Footnote 181:
Then Secretary of State.
Footnote 182:
Henry S. Riggs, a private in Gillham’s company, who still lives at
Lynnville, in Morgan County, has given the march of his company and of
Capt. Gordon’s as follows: “We first met at a farm near Exeter, and
encamped the first night on the bank of the Mauvaisterre, northeast of
Jacksonville. We then marched in a northeasterly direction and forded
the Sangamon River near Petersburg. The journey across country to the
vicinity of Ottawa, and later Rock Island, occupied a week, and a
detachment of one company was left at Ft. Wilbourn. At this point
there were, besides the whites, a good many friendly Indians who
needed or desired our protection. I was one of those left on guard at
the fort, so did not take part in any of the skirmishes with the
Indians. Black Hawk and his braves were so far outnumbered that they
knew the folly of continued resistance, but in the final struggle
seventeen whites were killed and the Indian loss was heavy. Peace was
finally declared, and when the volunteers returned to their homes they
had been in the service just 104 days. For this campaign each man
furnished his own horse and weapon and the greater part of his
ammunition.”
Footnote 183:
Wakefield, p. 31, is authority for the statement that the regiment
reached Beardstown June 3, elected officers, and that T.W. Smith was
made a staff officer June 5, and that the march was taken up on the
6th for Ft. Wilbourn, where Maj. (Rev.) Horn had stored provisions.
Footnote 184:
The great pioneer Methodist preacher, Peter Cartwright, was a private
in Brown’s company.
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